Paipu Pahu Pahu Pahu Pumehana Pumehana Pahu Pupu Hookui Pumehana
| Kūlana:ASTM SA 213 | Alloy a ʻAʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: T5,T9,T11,T22 etc | Noi: Paipu paila / paipu hoʻololi wela |
| Mānoanoa: 0.4-12.7 mm | Lapaʻau Surface: E like me ke koi o ka mea kūʻai aku |
| Ka anawaena o waho (ka puni): 3.2-127 mm | ʻenehana: Hoʻowili wela |
| Ka lōʻihi: Paʻa ka lōʻihi a i ʻole ka lōʻihi like ʻole | Hana wela: Normalizing/Tempering/Annealing |
| ʻAno ʻāpana: Poe | Pipe Kūikawā: Paipu Pā mānoanoa |
| Kahi i kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: Super heat, Boiler a me Heat Exchanger |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ECT/UT |
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e hana i ka paipu kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe no ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paila boiler paipu, ka paipu hoʻololi wela a me ka paipu wela super.
Papa o ke kila Alloy kiʻekiʻe: T2, T12, T11, T22, T91, T92 etc.
| Papa kila | Huina Kemika% | ||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P, S Max | Cr | Mo | Ni Max | V | Al Max | W | B | |
| T2 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.10-0.30 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.50~0.81 | 0.44~0.65 | – | – | – | – | – |
| T11 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.50-1.00 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.44~0.65 | – | – | – | – | – |
| T12 | 0.05~0.15 | ʻO 0.5 ka nui | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.80~1.25 | 0.44~0.65 | – | – | – | – | – |
| T22 | 0.05~0.15 | ʻO 0.5 ka nui | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 1.90~2.60 | 0.87~1.13 | – | – | – | – | – |
| T91 | 0.07~0.14 | 0.20~0.50 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 8.0~9.5 | 0.85-1.05 | 0.4 | 0.18~0.25 | 0.015 | – | – |
| T92 | 0.07~0.13 | ʻO 0.5 ka nui | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 8.5~9.5 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.4 | 0.15~0.25 | 0.015 | 1.50-2.00 | 0.001~0.006 |
No ka T91 'ē aʻe ma luna aʻe pū kekahi Nickel 0.4, Va 0.18-0.25, Ni 0.06-0.10, Ni 0.03-0.07, Al 0.02, Ti 0.01, Zr 0.01. ʻO kahi kiʻekiʻe, ke ʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka laulā a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi. Ma kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā ellipses (...) ma kēia pākaukau, ʻaʻohe koi, a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻoholo a hōʻike ʻia ka nānā ʻana no ka mea. B Ua ʻae ʻia ke kauoha ʻana iā T2 a me T12 me kahi maʻi sulfur o 0.045 max. C ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, ma kahi o kēia ratio liʻiliʻi, e loaʻa i ka mea i ka liʻiliʻi o ka paʻakikī o 275 HV ma ke ʻano paʻakikī, i wehewehe ʻia ma hope o ka austenitizing a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i ka lumi wela akā ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. E hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ma waena o ka mānoanoa o ka huahana. ʻO ka pinepine hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻelua mau laʻana o ka huahana no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana mālama wela a e hōʻike ʻia nā hopena hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ma ka hōʻike hōʻike mea.
| Papa kila | Na Waiwai Mechanical | |||
| T. S | Y. P | ʻO ka lōʻihi | ʻoʻoleʻa | |
| T2 | ≥ 415MPa | ≥ 205MPa | ≥ 30% | 163HBW(85HRB) |
| T11 | ≥ 415MPa | ≥ 205MPa | ≥ 30% | 163HBW(85HRB) |
| T12 | ≥ 415MPa | ≥ 220MPa | ≥ 30% | 163HBW(85HRB) |
| T22 | ≥ 415MPa | ≥ 205MPa | ≥ 30% | 163HBW(85HRB) |
| T91 | ≥ 585MPa | ≥ 415MPa | ≥ 20% | 250HBW(25HRB) |
| T92 | ≥ 620MPa | ≥ 440MPa | ≥ 20% | 250HBW(25HRB) |
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa o ka mānoanoa o ka pā
| % | |||||
| waho anawaena i loko. mm | 0.095 2.4 a malalo | ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.095 i ka 0.15 2.4-3.8 incl. | ma luna o 0.15 i ka 0.18 3.8-4.6 incl | ma luna o 0.18 i ka 4.6 | |
| ma luna o lalo ma luna o lalo | |||||
| maʻemaʻe, pau wela | |||||
| 4 iniha a ma lalo o 40 0 35 0 33 0 28 0 | |||||
| ma luna o 4 iniha .. .. 35 0 33 0 28 0 | |||||
| maʻemaʻe, pau ke anu | |||||
| ma luna o lalo | |||||
| 11/2 a lalo | 20 0 | ||||
| ma luna o 11/2 | 22 0 | ||||
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa i ʻae ʻia i ka mānoanoa o ka paia e pili ana i ka paipu wale nō, koe naʻe nā paipu hoʻopilikia i loko, e like me ka ʻōwili ʻia a i ʻole ke anuanu.
a ma mua o ka swaging, hoʻonui, kūlou, polishing, a i ʻole nā hana hana ʻē aʻe
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waho o ke anawaena
| anawaena waho （mm) | Hoʻololi ʻia (mm) | |
| wela hoʻopau seamless paipu | pau | malalo |
| 4" (100mm) a lalo | 0.4 | 0.8 |
| 4-71/2"(100-200mm) | 0.4 | 1.2 |
| 71/2-9”(200-225) | 0.4 | 1.6 |
| ʻO nā paipu welded a me nā paipu anu i hoʻopau ʻia | ||
| lalo 1" (25mm) | 0.1 | 0.11 |
| 1-11/2" (25-40mm) | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 11/2-2" (40-50mm) | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| 2-21/2" (50-65mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| 21/2-3" (65-75mm) | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| 3-4" (75-100mm) | 0.38 | 0.38 |
| 4-71/2"(100-200mm) | 0.38 | 0.64 |
| 71/2-9”(200-225) | 0.38 | 1.14 |
Hōʻike Hydraustatic:
Pono e ho'āʻoʻia ka paipu kila me ka hydraulic hoʻokahi. ʻO 20 MPa ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma lalo o ke kaomi ho'āʻo, ʻaʻole i emi iho ka manawa hoʻokūpaʻa ma mua o 10 S, a ʻaʻole pono e kahe ka paipu kila. A i ʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hydraulic e ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Eddy i kēia manawa a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo leakage flux magnetic.
Ho'āʻo Nondestructive:
ʻO nā paipu e koi ana i ka nānā hou aʻe e pono ke nānā ʻia me ka Ultrasonically. Ma hope o ke kūkākūkā ʻana e koi ʻia ka ʻae o ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka ʻaelike, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā hoʻāʻo hōʻino ʻole.
Ho'āʻo palahalaha:
ʻO nā paipu me ka anawaena waho i ʻoi aku ma mua o 22 mm e hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka Delamination, nā kiko keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole nā mea haumia i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua holoʻokoʻa.
Ho'āʻo paʻakikī:
No ka paipu o nā papa P91, P92, P122, a me P911, Brinell, Vickers, a i ʻole Rockwell, e hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ma luna o kahi kikoʻī mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana.
