Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasokonezeka: Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chimapangidwa ndi ingot yachitsulo kapena billet yolimba ya chubu pobowola mu chubu choyipa, kenako yotentha, yogudubuzika kapena kuzizira. Zinthuzo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri cha kaboni monga 10,20, 30, 35,45, otsika aloyi structural zitsulo monga16Mn, 5MnV kapena zitsulo za aloyi monga 40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2, 40MnB ndi kugudubuza kotentha kapena kuzizira. Mapaipi opanda msoko opangidwa ndi chitsulo chochepa cha carbon monga 10 ndi 20 amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poperekera madzimadzi.
Nthawi zambiri, kupanga mapaipi opanda zitsulo osasunthika amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kuzizira kozizira komanso kugudubuza kotentha. Zotsatirazi ndi mwachidule za ndondomeko ya kayendedwe ka mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika ozizira komanso mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko:
Chitoliro chachitsulo chozizira (chozizira) chosasunthika: kukonza ndi kuyang'anira chubu billet → kutentha kwa chubu billet → kubowoleza → kupukuta chubu → kutenthetsanso chitoliro chachitsulo → kukula (kuchepetsa) m'mimba mwake → chithandizo cha kutentha → kuwongola machubu → kumaliza → kuyang'anira -zowononga, thupi ndi mankhwala, kuyendera benchi) → yosungirako
Zitoliro zazitsulo zoziziritsa kuzizira zoziziritsa kukhosi ziyenera kuyamba kugwedezeka ndi ma rolls atatu mosalekeza, ndipo kuyezetsa makulidwe kuyenera kuchitidwa pambuyo pa extrusion. Ngati palibe ming'alu yoyankhidwa pamwamba, chubu chozungulira chiyenera kudulidwa ndi makina odulira ndikudulidwa mu billet ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi mita imodzi. Ndiye kulowa annealing ndondomeko. Kusakaniza kuyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi acidic. Pa pickling, samalani ngati pali thovu lalikulu pamwamba. Ngati pali thovu lalikulu, zikutanthauza kuti ubwino wa chitoliro chachitsulo sichikugwirizana ndi miyezo yoyenera.
Chitoliro chachitsulo chotentha (chotuluka) chosasunthika: chubu chozungulira → kutenthetsa → perforation → kugudubuza kozungulira katatu, kugudubuza kosalekeza kapena kutulutsa → kuchotsa chubu → kukula (kapena kuchepetsa) m'mimba mwake → kuzirala → chubu cha billet → kuwongola → kuyesa kuthamanga kwa madzi (kapena kuzindikira zolakwika) → kuyika chizindikiro → kusungirako
Kuthamanga kotentha, monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, kumakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa chidutswa chokulungidwa, kotero kuti kukana kwa deformation kumakhala kochepa ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa deformation kungapezeke. Kutumiza kwa mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika otentha nthawi zambiri amatenthedwa ndikutenthedwa asanaperekedwe. Chubu cholimba chimawunikidwa ndikuchotsa zolakwika zapamtunda, kudula mu utali wofunikira, kumangoyang'ana kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa chubu, ndiyeno kutumizidwa ku ng'anjo yowotchera kuti itenthetse ndi kuphulika pa perforator. Pamene ikuboola, imazungulira ndikupita patsogolo mosalekeza. Pansi pa zochita za odzigudubuza ndi mutu, patsekeke pang'onopang'ono amapanga mkati mwa chubu, chomwe chimatchedwa chubu chovuta. Chubucho chikachotsedwa, chimatumizidwa kumakina odzigudubuza okha kuti apitilize kugudubuza, kenako makulidwe a khoma amasinthidwa ndi makina owongolera, ndipo m'mimba mwake amatsimikiziridwa ndi makina oyesa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, kuyesa kwa perforation kuyenera kuchitika. Ngati m'mimba mwake wa perforation ndi waukulu kwambiri, uyenera kuwongoleredwa ndikuwongoleredwa, ndipo pamapeto pake ulembedwe ndikusungidwa.
Kuyerekeza kwa kuzizira kojambula ndi kugudubuza kotentha: Kuzizira kozizira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa kugudubuza kotentha, koma mawonekedwe apamwamba, mawonekedwe, ndi kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mbale zachitsulo zozizira ndi zabwino kuposa za mbale zotentha, ndipo makulidwe a mankhwala akhoza kukhala ochepa.
Kukula: Kuzungulira kwakunja kwa chitoliro chosasunthika chotentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa 32mm, ndipo makulidwe a khoma ndi 2.5-200mm. The awiri akunja ozizira adagulung'undisa zitsulo chitoliro akhoza mpaka 6mm, khoma makulidwe akhoza kufika 0.25mm, m'mimba mwake kunja kwa chitoliro woonda-mipanda akhoza kukhala mpaka 5mm, ndipo makulidwe khoma ndi zosakwana 0.25mm ( ngakhale zosakwana 0.2mm), ndipo kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuzizira kozizira ndikwapamwamba kuposa kugudubuza kotentha.
Maonekedwe: Ngakhale makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chozizira chosasunthika ndi chocheperako kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chotentha, pamwamba pake chimawoneka chowala kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chosakanizika chokhala ndi mipanda yolimba, pamwamba pake sizovuta kwambiri, komanso m'mimba mwake mulibe ma burrs ambiri.
Mkhalidwe wotumizira: Mapaipi achitsulo otenthedwa ndi moto amaperekedwa m'malo otentha kapena otentha, ndipo mapaipi azitsulo ozizira amaperekedwa mu kutentha kwa kutentha.