2021, pitirizani kukulitsa kusintha kwa makampani opanga zitsulo zopangira zitsulo m'dziko lathu, kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa makampani obiriwira a carbon, ndi kusintha kwakukulu mu ndondomeko ya mafakitale a dziko, kukhazikitsa mphamvu zolamulira, kutulutsa, kuthetsa kubwezeredwa kwa msonkho kwazitsulo zonse zogulitsa kunja. maziko a kukwaniritsa mpweya wapawiri, kuthana ndi kufunika kusintha zinthu kunyumba ndi kunja, kuyesera kugonjetsa choyambirira zinthu mtengo movutikira mkulu, Digestion chitetezo chilengedwe ndi zinthu zina monga mtengo wa kukwera kwambiri, kuzindikira "kuchepetsa kuchuluka ndi kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe "chitukuko chapamwamba, ntchito yonse yamakampaniyi ndi yokhazikika, kuti ikwaniritse zofuna zazitsulo zamakampani akumunsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kupitiriza kuyambiranso kwachuma cha dziko kwathandizira bwino.

1 Kupanga chitoliro chachitsulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mowonekera ku China

Malinga ndi welded chitoliro kupanga deta lofalitsidwa ndi National Bureau of Statistics ndi zitsulo chitoliro Nthambi zochokera deta yopanga mabizinesi membala kuyerekeza osatayana zitsulo chitoliro kupanga deta, kuyambira January mpaka December 2021, dziko zitsulo chitoliro kupanga 853.62 miliyoni. matani, pansi 3.66%;Zowoneka kuti kumwa kunali matani 78,811,600, kutsika ndi 4.33% chaka ndi chaka.Pakati pawo, welded chitoliro kupanga matani miliyoni 58.832, pansi 3.57% chaka pa chaka;Zowoneka kuti kumwa kunali matani 55.2763 miliyoni, kutsika ndi 4.07% chaka ndi chaka.Kuyerekeza kupanga chubu chachitsulo chosasinthika ndi matani 26.80.00 miliyoni, kutsika ndi 3.86% chaka ndi chaka;Zowoneka kuti kumwa kunali matani 23.5353 miliyoni, ndi kuchepa kwa chaka ndi 4.93%.Zitha kuwoneka kuti mu 2021, chitoliro chachitsulo cha China, chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika, kupanga mapaipi otenthetsera komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito komwe kukuwoneka kunatsika chaka ndi chaka.Zomwe zimatuluka komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapaipi achitsulo ku China mu 2020-2021 zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 1 ndi Chithunzi 1.

Kuchokera kusanthula deta ziwerengero, ntchito yonse yosalala ya makampani China zitsulo chitoliro mu theka loyamba la 2021, koma linanena bungwe kukula zikuwoneka yopapatiza, poyerekeza ndi anakhudzidwa ndi mitengo mayiko chitsulo ore ananyamuka kwambiri mu May, chitoliro, mitengo mbale ananyamuka kwambiri, amene anakankhira mitengo zitsulo ananyamuka kwambiri, koma kugula izi zazikulu zimakhudza makampani kunsi kwa mtsinje, kupanga kufooketsa kufunika.Kuphatikiza apo, mkhalidwe wamakampani azitsulo kuti uchepetse zofunikira zopanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zidakhudzanso mabizinesi ena, kotero kuti mu 2021, kupanga chitoliro chachitsulo cha China kunali kocheperako.

2. Mitengo yazitsulo zachitsulo ku China

Kuyambira Novembala 2020, chifukwa cha kukwera kwakukulu kwamitengo yazinthu zazikulu zopangira monga chitsulo, mitengo ya billet ndi chitsulo chachitsulo ku China yakula kwambiri, monga tawonera pa Chithunzi 2-3, komanso mitengo yazitsulo. mapaipi.

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Mtengo wa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika, chitoliro chowotcherera ndi chitoliro cha malata ku China kuchokera ku 2020 mpaka 2021 chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4. Pakati pawo, mtengo wa φ 219 mm × 10 mm ndondomeko ya chitoliro chopanda chitsulo chinakwera mofulumira kuyambira November 2020, mtengo. idakwera kuchoka pa 4645 yuan kufika pa 6638 yuan mu Meyi 2021 (ndi mtengo wapamwamba kuyambira 2008), kukwera pafupifupi yuan 2000, kukwera 42.9%;Pambuyo pa Meyi 2021, mtengowo udatsikanso kufika pa 6,160 yuan mu Julayi, kutsika pafupifupi ma yuan 500, kenako unakwera kufika pa 6,636 yuan mu Okutobala (wachiwiri kwapamwamba), kenako kutsika mpaka 5,931 yuan mu Disembala.Mtengo wakhala ukugwedezeka pamlingo wapamwamba kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka.

Chaka cha 2021 ndi chaka chabwino kwambiri pamakampani opanga zitsulo ku China kuyambira 2008, zopindulitsa zamakampani zidakwera kwambiri.Komabe, monga imodzi mwazinthu zamakampani achitsulo ndi zitsulo, chitoliro chachitsulo sichinasinthidwe bwino monga mbale, mipiringidzo, waya ndi mbiri.Zifukwa zake ndi izi: choyamba, ngakhale mtengo wa chitoliro chachitsulo chakwera kwambiri, mtengo wa chitoliro chachitsulo sunakwezedwe kwambiri chifukwa cha chikoka cha mtengo wotsika wa mafuta ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo wa chitoliro cha mafuta.Mtengo wa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika, pepala lopaka malata, pepala lotentha lotentha ndi rebar ku China kuyambira Epulo 2020 mpaka Januware 2022 zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 5. Zitha kuwoneka kuti mtengo wamalata mu 2021 ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa wachitsulo chosasokonekera. chubu 300 ~ 750 yuan, ndipo mtengo wa mitundu iwiriyi m'zaka zina ndi wokwera komanso wotsika, nthawi zambiri umasinthasintha pafupifupi 200 yuan.Chachiwiri, chifukwa cha kukwera kwakukulu kwa mitengo yaiwisi ndi zida zothandizira, kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa chitoliro chachitsulo ndi billet kumakhalabe pamlingo wa 2020, ndipo phindu la malonda silinasinthe kwambiri.Makamaka, mabizinesi opangira chitoliro chamafuta, okhudzidwa ndi mtengo wotsika wamafuta ndi mtengo wotsikirapo wa chitoliro chamafuta, kasamalidwe ka bizinesi ndizovuta, mabizinesi ambiri ali m'mphepete mwa phindu laling'ono kapena kutayika, mabizinesi amunthu akadali otayika.

Mu 2021, ngakhale boma linasintha kawiri kubwezeredwa kwa msonkho wakunja kwa zinthu zachitsulo, kuti kubwezeredwa kwa msonkho kubwezeredwa ku 0, koma kuchuluka kwa chitoliro chachitsulo sikuchepetsedwa koma kumawonjezeka.Zifukwa zazikulu ndi izi: choyamba, chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa COVID-19, mabizinesi ena akunja azitsulo sanayambitsenso kupanga, ndipo msika wakhala ukusoweka kwakanthawi, ndipo mitengo yapaipi yazitsulo padziko lonse lapansi yakhala ikusowa. kukwera kwambiri (mitengo ya zinthu zina zotumizidwa kunja ndi yokwera kuposa yapakhomo);Chachiwiri, mabizinesi otumiza kunja akuda nkhawa ndi mayiko omwe akutsatira kuti awonjezere mitengo yamtengo wapatali pazinthu zogulitsa kunja, chifukwa chake onjezerani, kufulumizitsa mphamvu zotumizira kunja, kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa kunja kwagawo lachinayi kudakula kwambiri.Mu Disembala 2021, chitoliro chachitsulo cha China chomwe chidatumizidwa kunja chinali 160.44% mwa avareji ya miyezi 11 yapitayi.Makamaka, kutumiza kunja kwa machubu opanda zitsulo mu Disembala kunali matani 531,000, 203,92 peresenti ya zotumiza kunja kwa matani 260,400 m'miyezi 11 yoyambirira.Izi zidapitilira mpaka kotala yoyamba ya 2022.

3.2 Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zotumiza kunja

Malinga ndi deta yomwe inatulutsidwa ndi General Administration of Customs ya China, China ya zitsulo zopanda msoko zimatumiza kunja kwa 2021 matani 3.3952 miliyoni, chaka ndi chaka kukula kwa 3.79%.Pakati pawo, kutumiza mapaipi opanda msoko kunali matani 1.2743 miliyoni, kutsika ndi 9.60% chaka ndi chaka;Mafuta opanda mafuta chubu amatumiza kunja matani 906,200, mpaka 2.81% chaka ndi chaka;Seamless boiler chubu kutumiza kunja matani 151,800, chaka ndi chaka kuchepa kwa 15.22%;Kutumiza kunja kwa mapaipi opangidwa ndi welded anali matani 757,700, kutsika ndi 9.16% chaka ndi chaka;Kutumiza kunja kwa machubu opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso masikweya amakona anayi kunali matani 1,325,400, kukwera ndi 4.41% pachaka.Mu 2021, chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa mliri wapadziko lonse wa COVID-19 komanso kubwezeredwa kwa msonkho wapadziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu itatu yayikulu yaku China yamapaipi opanda msoko, chitoliro cha boiler yopanda msoko ndi chitoliro chowotcherera chidatsika kwambiri.Onani Table 3 ndi Chithunzi 7 potumiza kunja kwa mitundu yayikulu yazitsulo zachitsulo ku China mu 2020-2021.

3. Kulowetsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa mapaipi achitsulo ku China

3.1 Kulowetsa ndi kutumiza katundu ndi mtengo wake

Malinga ndi zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi General Administration of Customs, Mu 2021, chitoliro chachitsulo cha China chimatumiza matani 349,600, pansi pa 7,21%;Mtengo wapakati woitanitsa unali $3824 / t, kukwera kwa 12.71% pachaka.Pakati pawo, zitsulo zopanda msoko zimatumizidwa kunja kwa 130,500 t, pansi pa 13.80%;Mtengo wapakati woitanitsa unali $5769 / t, kukwera 13.32% pachaka.Welded chitoliro kunja matani 219,100, pansi 2.80%;Mtengo wapakati woitanitsa unali ife $2671 / t, kukwera 18.31% pachaka.Mu 2021, China idatumiza matani 7.17 miliyoni a machubu achitsulo, mpaka 4.19% pachaka;Mtengo wapakati wotumiza kunja unali $1542 / t, kukwera 36.5% pachaka.Pakati pawo, chubu chachitsulo chosasinthika chimatumiza matani 3.3952 miliyoni, mpaka 3.79%;Mtengo wapakati wotumiza kunja unali $1,508 /t, kukwera 23.67% pachaka.Kutumiza kunja kwa mapaipi otenthedwa anali matani 3.7748 miliyoni, kukwera ndi 4.55% chaka chilichonse;Mtengo wapakati wotumiza kunja unali $1573 ​​/ t, kukwera 49.99% pachaka.Mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa chitoliro chachitsulo ku China ndi 0,41% yokha ya kupanga chitoliro chachitsulo, mtengo wotumizira chitoliro wowotcherera ndi wokwera kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasokonekera kwa nthawi yoyamba.Onani Table 2 ndi Chithunzi 6 kuti mutenge ndi kutumiza kunja ndi kuchuluka kwa chitoliro chachitsulo ku China mu 2020-2021.

3.3 Maiko Otumiza ndi Kutumiza kunja

Mu 2021, mayiko 10 apamwamba kwambiri aku China omwe amatumiza chitoliro chopanda chitsulo ndi South Korea, India, UNITED Arab Emirates, Algeria, Thailand, Oman, Indonesia, Turkey, Vietnam, Australia, Otsogola 10 otulutsa zitoliro zachitsulo ndi Philippines, Nigeria, Myanmar, Australia, South Korea, Peru, Chile, Indonesia, Singapore ndi Canada.Mayiko omwe akupita kumayiko aku China akutulutsa zitoliro zachitsulo makamaka ku Southeast Asia, Middle East ndi madera ena, omwe kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, Gulf ndi madera ena amaposa 40% ya zogulitsa kunja kwa China.Ngakhale ku Ulaya, North America, ndi mmodzi wa ogula chachikulu zitsulo, koma kuyambira vuto lachuma padziko lonse mu 2008, dera kupitiriza kukhazikitsa kafukufuku mankhwala a zitsulo chitoliro m'dziko lathu, zogulitsa panopa ku dera la zitsulo. chubu nkhani zosakwana 6%, China lalikulu katundu mitundu iwiri (mafuta chitoliro, mzere chitoliro) pafupifupi m'mayiko ndi zigawo.Kuchuluka kwa chitoliro chachitsulo cha China potengera dziko kapena dera mu 2020-2021 kukuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 8.