1. Intangiriro kuriumuyoboro w'icyuma
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ikizinga ni umuyoboro w'icyuma ufite igice cyambukiranya imipaka kandi nta kizingiti kizengurutse. Ifite imbaraga nyinshi, irwanya ruswa hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro. Bitewe nibikorwa byayo byiza, imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye nkapeteroli, inganda zikora imiti, amashanyarazi, nakubaka.
2. Uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Igikorwa cyo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ikubiyemo intambwe zikurikira:
a. Tegura ibikoresho bibisi: Hitamo fagitire yicyuma ikwiye, isaba ubuso bworoshye, nta bubyimba, nta gucamo, kandi nta nenge zigaragara.
b. Gushyushya: Gushyushya fagitire yicyuma kubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango ikore plastike kandi yoroshye gukora.
c. Gutobora: fagitire y'icyuma yashyutswe isobekeranye mu muyoboro wambaye ubusa binyuze mu mashini isobekeranye, ni ukuvuga umuyoboro w'icyuma wabanje gukorwa.
d. Umuyoboro uzunguruka: Umuyoboro wuzuye uzunguruka inshuro nyinshi kugirango ugabanye diameter, kongera uburebure bwurukuta, no gukuraho imihangayiko yimbere.
e. Ingano: Umuyoboro wibyuma amaherezo ubumbwa binyuze mumashini ingana kuburyo diameter nuburebure bwurukuta rwumuyoboro wibyuma byujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe.
f. Gukonjesha: Umuyoboro wicyuma ukonje urakonjeshwa kugirango wongere imbaraga nimbaraga.
g. Kugorora: Kuringaniza umuyoboro wicyuma ukonje kugirango ukureho guhindagurika.
h. Igenzura ryiza: Kora igenzura ryiza kumiyoboro yicyuma irangiye, harimo kugenzura ingano, uburebure bwurukuta, ubukana, ubwiza bwubutaka, nibindi.
3. Uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma #Umuyoboro w'icyuma#
3. Uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma #Umuyoboro w'icyuma#
Inzira yihariye yo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma niyi ikurikira:
a. Tegura ibikoresho bibisi: Hitamo fagitire yicyuma ikwiye, idasaba ko nta nenge, nta bubyimba, kandi nta gucika hejuru.
b. Gushyushya: Gushyushya fagitire yicyuma hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe rusange muri rusange ni 1000-1200 ℃.
c. Gutobora: fagitire ishyushye ya fagitire isobekeranye mu miyoboro irimo ubusa binyuze mu mashini itobora. Muri iki gihe, igituba cyuzuye ntikirashyirwaho rwose.
d. Kuzunguruka imiyoboro: Umuyoboro wuzuye woherejwe mumashini izunguruka kugirango igabanye diameter ya tariyeri kandi yongere uburebure bwurukuta, mugihe ikuraho imihangayiko yimbere.
e. Gushyushya: Shyushya umuyoboro wuzuye kugirango ukureho imihangayiko yimbere.
f. Ingano: Umuyoboro wibyuma amaherezo ubumbwa binyuze mumashini ingana kuburyo diameter nuburebure bwurukuta rwumuyoboro wibyuma byujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe.
g. Gukonjesha: Hisha umuyoboro wibyuma bimeze, mubisanzwe ukoresheje gukonjesha amazi cyangwa gukonjesha ikirere.
h. Kugorora: Kuringaniza umuyoboro wicyuma ukonje kugirango ukureho guhindagurika.
i. Igenzura ryiza: Kora igenzura ryiza kumiyoboro yicyuma irangiye, harimo kugenzura ingano, uburebure bwurukuta, ubukana, ubwiza bwubutaka, nibindi.
Mugihe cyo gukora, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitonderwa: icya mbere, ubuziranenge n’umutekano w’ibikoresho fatizo bigomba kubahirizwa; icya kabiri, ubushyuhe nigitutu bigomba kugenzurwa cyane mugihe cyo gutobora no kuzunguruka kugirango wirinde gucika no guhinduka; amaherezo, ubunini no gukonjesha Guhagarara no kugororoka byumuyoboro wibyuma bigomba kubungabungwa mugihe cyibikorwa.
4. Kugenzura ubuziranenge bwimiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwimiyoboro idafite ibyuma, hagomba kugenzurwa ibi bikurikira:
a. Ibikoresho bibisi: Koresha ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge byuma kugirango urebe ko nta nenge, ibibyimba, cyangwa ibice hejuru. Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko imiterere yimiti nubukanishi bwibikoresho fatizo byujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe.
b. Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro: Kugenzura byimazeyo buri gikorwa mubikorwa byo kubyara kugirango umenye neza ko buri gikorwa gihamye kandi cyizewe. Cyane cyane mugihe cyo gutobora no kuzunguruka, ubushyuhe nigitutu bigomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango birinde gucika no guhinduka.
c. Ibipimo: Kora igenzura ripima imiyoboro irangiye kugirango umenye neza ko diameter n'ubugari bwurukuta byujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe. Ibikoresho byihariye byo gupima birashobora gukoreshwa mugupima, nka micrometero, ibikoresho byo gupima urukuta, nibindi.
d. Ubwiza bwubuso: Kora igenzura ryubuso bwububiko bwicyuma cyarangiye, harimo ububobere bwubuso, kuba hari ibice, kuzinga nizindi nenge. Kumenya birashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe igenzura ryerekanwa cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye byo gupima.
e. Imiterere ya Metallografiya: Kora igeragezwa ryuburyo bwa metallografiya kumuyoboro wicyuma urangiye kugirango umenye neza ko imiterere yacyo yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Mubisanzwe, microscope ikoreshwa mukureba imiterere yicyuma no kugenzura niba hari inenge ya microscopique.
f. Ibikoresho bya mashini: Ibikoresho bya mashini yimiyoboro yarangije kugeragezwa, harimo gukomera, imbaraga zingana, gutanga umusaruro nibindi bipimo. Imashini zipima tensile nibindi bikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa mugupima.
Binyuze mu ngamba zavuzwe haruguru zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, ubwiza bwimiyoboro idafite ibyuma irashobora kwizerwa kugirango ihamye kandi yizewe, yujuje ibyifuzo byimirima itandukanye.
5. Ahantu hashyirwa imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite icyerekezo gifite porogaramu nyinshi, cyane cyane harimo ibi bikurikira:
a. Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli: zikoreshwa mu miyoboro y’amavuta, imiyoboro ya peteroli n’imiyoboro y’imiti mu nganda za peteroli. Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ifite ibiranga imbaraga nyinshi, irwanya ruswa, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi irashobora gukora neza kandi ihamye y’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli.
b. Inganda zikora imiti: Mu nganda z’imiti, imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro inyuranye y’imiti itwara imiti, imiyoboro itwara amazi, n’ibindi. Kubera ko irwanya ruswa ikomeye, irashobora kurwanya isuri y’ibintu bitandukanye bya shimi, bikarinda umutekano w’umusaruro kandi neza inganda zikora imiti.
Umuyoboro udafite icyuma ni icyuma kizengurutswe gifite igice cyuzuye kandi nta kizingiti kizengurutse. Ifite ibiranga imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya ruswa, ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe buke. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, imiyoboro yicyuma idashobora kugabanywa muburyo bubiri: imiyoboro ishyushye hamwe nimiyoboro ikonje. Imiyoboro ishyushye ikozwe no gushyushya fagitire yubushyuhe hejuru yubushyuhe bwo gutobora, kuzunguruka, gukonjesha nibindi bikorwa, kandi birakwiriye kumiyoboro minini kandi igoye ihuza ibice; Imiyoboro ikonje ikozwe nubukonje bukabije mubushyuhe bwicyumba kandi irakwiriye kubyara umusaruro Ntoya yambukiranya ibice hamwe nicyuma cyiza cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-28-2023
