Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ikizinga ni uruziga, kare, rufite urukiramende rufite igice cyuzuye kandi nta kizingiti kizengurutse.Icyuma kitagira ibyuma gikozwe mu ngobyi cyangwa fagitire zikomeye zasobekeranye mu miyoboro ya capillary hanyuma zikazunguruka zishyushye, zikonje zikonje cyangwa zikonje.

Umuyoboro wicyuma udafite icyuma gifite igice cyuzuye, umubare munini wimiyoboro ikoreshwa mugutanga amazi, Mu mbaraga zunamye hamwe na torsion icyarimwe, Kugereranya umuyoboro wibyuma hamwe nicyuma kizengurutse hamwe nibindi byuma bikomeye. igice cyibyuma, bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byububiko hamwe nubukanishi, nkibikoresho byo gucukura peteroli.

Umusemburo w'icyuma udafite icyuma ufite amateka yimyaka igera ku 100. Abavandimwe bo mu Budage Manismann babanje guhimba ibipapuro bibiri byambukiranya imipaka mu 1885, hanyuma bavumbura imashini izunguruka mu gihe cyagenwe mu 1891, naho RCStiefel yo mu Busuwisi ihimbira imashini izunguruka () bizwi kandi nk'imashini yo hejuru yo kuzamura imiyoboro) mu 1903, n'imashini zitandukanye zo kwagura, nk'imashini ikomeza imiyoboro ikomeza ndetse n'imashini isunika imiyoboro, yatangiye gushinga inganda zigezweho zidafite ibyuma. Mu myaka ya za 1930, uruganda rukora imiyoboro itatu ryaremewe.

Imashini ya Extrusion hamwe nigihe gikonjesha gikonjesha byongera ubwiza nubwiza bwibikoresho byicyuma.Mu myaka ya za 1960, kubera kunoza urusyo rukomeza ruzunguruka, havutse imashini eshatu, cyane cyane intsinzi yo gukoresha imashini igabanya ubukana kandi ikomeza gutora bilet, byateje imbere umusaruro kandi byongera ubushobozi bwo guhatanira imiyoboro idafite umuyoboro hamwe nuyoboro.

Mu myaka ya za 70, imiyoboro idafite umuyoboro hamwe n’umuyoboro usudira bikomeza kugendana, kandi umusaruro w’icyuma ku isi wiyongera ku gipimo kirenga 5% ku mwaka. Kuva mu 1953, Ubushinwa bwagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha ibyuma bitagira umupaka, kandi yabanje gushiraho uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro imiyoboro minini minini, iyiciriritse na ntoya.Muri rusange, umuyoboro wumuringa nawo ufata inzira yo kwambukiranya bilet no gutobora, urusyo ruzunguruka no gushushanya.

Gusabano gutondekanya ibyuma bitagira ibyuma

Gushyira mu bikorwa: Icyuma kitagira icyuma ni ubwoko bwicyuma cyubukungu, gifite umwanya wingenzi mubukungu bwigihugu, gikoreshwa cyane muri peteroli, inganda z’imiti, amashyiga, amashanyarazi, ubwato, imashini zikora, imodoka, indege, ikirere, ingufu, geologiya , ubwubatsi n'inzego za gisirikare.

Ibyiciro:

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(3) Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhuza: umuyoboro uhuza, umuyoboro wo gusudira

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Uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma bidafite icyerekezo

Igikorwa nyamukuru cyo gukora ibyuma bishyushye bidafite icyuma (inzira nyamukuru yo kugenzura):

Gutegura no kugenzura fagitire y'umuyoboro → gushyushya fagitire → gutobora → umuyoboro uzunguruka → gushyushya imiyoboro irimo ubusa → gukosora (kugabanya) diameter → kuvura ubushyuhe → kugorora imiyoboro yarangiye → kurangiza → kugenzura (kutangiza, umubiri na shimi, kugenzura sitasiyo) → ububiko

(2) Gukonjesha gukonje (gushushanya) uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma bidafite ibyuma

Gutegura bilet → gutoragura no gusiga → kuzunguruka gukonje (gushushanya) treatment kuvura ubushyuhe → kugorora → kurangiza → kugenzura

Igicapo cyibikorwa byo gutondekanya imbonerahamwe yicyuma gishyushye kitagira ibyuma ni ibi bikurikira: