Mugihe ibiruhuko birangiye, twasubukuye akazi gasanzwe. Urakoze kubwinkunga yawe no gusobanukirwa mugihe cyibiruhuko. Noneho, turategereje gukomeza kuguha serivisi nziza kandi nziza.
Mugihe uko isoko rihinduka, twabonye ko ibiciro byakomeje kuzamuka vuba aha. Kugirango tumenye neza ko dushobora gukomeza gutanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi byujuje ubuziranenge, ibiciro bya bimwe bishobora gukenerwa guhinduka.
Kubwibyo, turagusaba kubasaba kwitondera ibibazo bikurikira mugihe mutanga amabwiriza:
1. Itumanaho ku gihe: Niba ufite itegeko ririmo kuganirwaho cyangwa rigiye gushyirwa, nyamuneka hamagara ikipe yacu vuba bishoboka kugirango wemeze amakuru aheruka kugiciro.
2. Guhindura ibiciro: Bitewe nihindagurika ryisoko, igiciro cyibicuruzwa bimwe gishobora guhinduka. Tuzagerageza uko dushoboye kugirango igiciro gikomeze kandi gihindurwe mugihe dukurikije ibihe byihariye.
3. Gukorera mu mucyo no gushyigikirwa: Twiyemeje gukomeza gukorera mu mucyo mu guhindura ibiciro no gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku ihinduka ry’ibiciro. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa ukeneye amakuru menshi, nyamuneka twandikire.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma utagira ikizinga ni umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite gusudira, ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye. Ibintu byingenzi byingenzi biranga imbaraga zikomeye zo kwihanganira imbaraga, kurwanya ruswa nziza, hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zunama, bityo ikora neza mubidukikije bidasanzwe nkumuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe. Igikorwa cyo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma igabanijwemo intambwe nyinshi zingenzi, kandi kugenzura ubuziranenge bikozwe kuva gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku bicuruzwa byanyuma.
Inzira yumusaruro
Umusaruro wibyuma bidafite kashe bitangirana na fagitire yicyuma. Ibyuma bizunguruka bishyushye bigera kuri 1200 ℃ mu itanura rishyushya kandi byinjira muburyo bushyushye. Inzira ishyushye ikoresha imashini itobora kugirango itobore fagitire zishyushye kugirango zikore umuyoboro wa tube ufite umwobo hagati. Iyi ntambwe igena imiterere yambere yumuyoboro wibyuma kandi ikanemeza imbaraga zuburyo bwicyuma.
Ibikurikira, bilet yacometse ya bilet iragurwa kandi ikorwa muburyo bwo kuzunguruka. Ubushyuhe, umuvuduko n'umuvuduko mugihe cyo kuzunguruka bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango ubunini, uburebure bwurukuta buringaniye hamwe nuburinganire bwuburinganire bwicyuma.
Nyuma yo gukora, umuyoboro wibyuma ugomba kunyura muburyo bwo gukonjesha no kugorora. Gukonjesha ni ukugabanya byihuse umuyoboro uva mubushyuhe bwo hejuru ukagera ku bushyuhe bwicyumba kugirango harebwe ituze ryimiterere yibikoresho. Kugorora ni ugukuraho kugoreka cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo guhinduka bushobora kubaho mugihe cyo kubyara umusaruro no kwemeza neza umuyoboro.
Hanyuma, umuyoboro wibyuma nawo ugomba gukorerwa igeragezwa no gutunganya. Ibi bizamini birimo ultrasonic flaw detection, eddy current detection, nibindi, cyane cyane kugirango harebwe niba nta nenge ziri imbere yumuyoboro wicyuma udafite kashe kandi wujuje ubuziranenge bwo gukoresha. Imiyoboro imwe n'imwe idafite ibyuma nayo izakorerwa inzira yo kuvura hejuru nko gutoragura na fosifati kugirango byongere imbaraga zo kwangirika.
Icyitonderwa cyo gukoresha imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Nkibikoresho bikomeye, birwanya umuvuduko kandi birwanya ruswa, imiyoboro yicyuma idakoreshwa cyane muri peteroli, imiti, amashanyarazi, imashini nizindi nganda. Nubwo, nubwo ikora neza, gukoresha neza no kuyitaho biracyakenewe kugirango ibikorwa byayo birambye mu gihe gikora. Ibikurikira nuburyo bwo kwirinda imiyoboro idafite ibyuma mugihe ikoreshwa:
1. Hitamo ibikoresho bikwiye
Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma iraboneka mubikoresho bitandukanye nibisobanuro. Mugihe ubikoresha, ugomba guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiranye nuburyo bwihariye bwo gusaba. Imiterere itandukanye yakazi (nkumuvuduko wakazi, ubushyuhe, kwangirika kurwego, nibindi) bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kubikoresho byumuyoboro wicyuma udafite kashe. Kurugero, mugihe utwara itangazamakuru ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hagomba gukoreshwa imiyoboro yicyuma irwanya ubushyuhe; ahantu hashobora kwangirika cyane, imiyoboro yicyuma idafite kashe ikozwe mubyuma cyangwa ibindi bikoresho birwanya ruswa. Kubwibyo, mbere yo kugura, ugomba kumenya neza gusobanukirwa ibipimo bya tekiniki no gukoresha imiterere yumuyoboro wibyuma kugirango wirinde ingaruka zumutekano ziterwa no guhitamo ibikoresho bidakwiye.
2. Witondere uburyo bwo guhuza umuyoboro mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho
Kubera ko imiyoboro idafite ibyuma idafite isuderi, uburinganire bwimiterere ni bwiza, ariko uburyo bwo guhuza bugomba kuba bwumvikana mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza burimo guhuza flange, guhuza urudodo no gusudira. Ku muvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, gusudira bigomba kwitonda cyane, kandi ubwiza bwa weld bugira ingaruka mubuzima bwumurimo. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyubwubatsi, birasabwa ko abanyamwuga bakora kugirango barebe ko gusudira ari kimwe, bitarimo imyenge.
3. Kugenzura buri gihe no kubungabunga
Nubwo imiyoboro idafite ibyuma idafite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kandi iraramba, iracyakeneye kugenzurwa no kubungabungwa buri gihe mugihe ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ibidukikije byangirika cyane. Imiyoboro ikorerwa igitutu cyigihe kirekire cyakazi hamwe nisuri yo hagati, kandi uduce duto cyangwa ingingo zishobora kwangirika. Kwipimisha buri gihe ultrasonic, gupima igitutu no gupima ruswa birashobora gufasha kumenya akaga kihishe mugihe no kwirinda impanuka zikomeye.
4. Irinde gukoresha ibirenze urugero
Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite icyerekezo ifite ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gutwara imbaraga n'ubushyuhe bwo gukora. Mugihe cyo gukoresha, ibipimo n'amabwiriza bijyanye bigomba gukurikizwa kugirango wirinde gukoresha ibintu birenze. Gukabya gukabya no gukoresha ubushyuhe burenze urugero bizatera guhindura imiyoboro, kugabanya imbaraga, ndetse no guturika cyangwa kumeneka. Kubwibyo, abashoramari bagomba gukurikirana byimazeyo umuvuduko wakazi nubushyuhe bwumuyoboro kugirango barebe ko ikora muburyo butekanye.
5. Irinde kwangirika kwububiko
Mugihe cyo gutwara, gutunganya no kwishyiriraho, imiyoboro yicyuma idashobora kwibasirwa ningaruka zo hanze no guterana amagambo, bishobora kwangiza ubuso ndetse bikagira ingaruka kumbaraga zabo muri rusange. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gutunganya no kubika, hagomba gukoreshwa ingamba zo gukingira kugirango wirinde guhura nibintu bikarishye, kandi ntukurure umuyoboro wibyuma uko bishakiye, cyane cyane mugihe urukuta rwumuyoboro ruba ruto.
6. Irinde uburyo bwimbere bwo gupima cyangwa gufunga
Mugihe cyo kumara igihe kirekire, imiyoboro iri mu muyoboro irashobora kubitsa kugirango igire urwego runini, cyane cyane iyo rutanga amazi, amavuta cyangwa ibindi bitangazamakuru bikunda kwipimisha. Gupima kurukuta rwimbere rwumuyoboro bizongera imbere imbere yumuyoboro, bigabanye gukora neza, ndetse bitume bahagarika. Kubwibyo, birasabwa koza buri gihe kandi ugakoresha ibikoresho byogusukura imiti kumanuka mugihe bibaye ngombwa.