Iriburiro: Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ni ingirakamaro mu nganda zitekesha, zitanga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’ibisubizo birwanya umuvuduko kubikorwa bitandukanye. Iyi miyoboro ijyanye nubuziranenge bukomeye bwashyizweho na ASTM A335, hamwe n amanota nkaP5, P9, na P11, kwemeza imikorere isumba iyindi, kuramba, no kwizerwa mubikorwa byo guteka.

ASTM A335 Ibipimo: ASTM A335 ni ibisobanuro bikubiyemo umuyoboro wa ferritic alloy-ibyuma bya serivisi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Birazwi cyane kandi byemewe mubikorwa byo gutekesha bitewe nibisabwa bikenewe kumiterere yubukanishi, imiterere yimiti, hamwe nuburyo bwo gupima. Ibipimo ngenderwaho ni ngombwa mu kwemeza ubuziranenge n'umutekano by'imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikoreshwaumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuruSisitemu.

Ibikoresho na Grade: Imiyoboro y'ibyuma ivanze iraboneka mubyiciro bitandukanye, harimo P5, P9, na P11, buri kimwe cyagenewe kubahiriza ubushyuhe bwihariye nibisabwa. P5 itanga imbaraga nziza zo kwangirika, bigatuma ikwiranye nubushyuhe buringaniye. P9 izwiho imbaraga zidasanzwe no gukomera, bigatuma biba byiza bisaba ibidukikije. P11 yirata yongereye imbaraga zingana nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, bigatuma ikwiranye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

Ibyiza: Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma idafite ibyuma ifite ibyiza byinshi bituma ihitamo neza muruganda. Mbere na mbere, iyubakwa ryabo ridahwitse rikuraho ibyago byo kumeneka, bigatuma imikorere ikora neza kandi neza. Ibintu bivangavanze muriyi miyoboro byongera imbaraga zo kurwanya okiside no gupima, bikomeza ubusugire bwimiterere ndetse no mubihe bikabije. Ubushobozi bw'imiyoboro bwo guhangana n'umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nihindagurika ryubushyuhe nta guhindagurika cyangwa kunanirwa bigira uruhare mubuzima bwabo burambye hamwe nibisabwa bike.

Porogaramu: Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite icyerekezo, inamaIbipimo bya ASTM A335, shakisha ikoreshwa ryinshi mubikorwa bitandukanye. Bakunze gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi atanga amashanyarazi, aho bakora nkibintu byingenzi bya superheater, reheater, namazi. Inganda za peteroli na gaze nazo zishingiye kuri iyo miyoboro y'amazi hamwe n’ibice bitunganya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Byongeye kandi, zikoreshwa mu nganda n’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli zikoreshwa zisaba ubushyuhe bwo hejuru no guhangana n’umuvuduko.

Umwanzuro: Mu gusoza, imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ihuza ibyumaIbipimo bya ASTM A335kandi hagaragaramo amanota P5, P9, na P11 bitanga ibisubizo byingirakamaro kubikorwa byo guteka. Hamwe nimiterere yihariye, iyi miyoboro itanga umutekano wizewe kandi wizewe, bigatuma bahitamo guhitamo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije. Ikoreshwa ryabo mu nzego zinyuranye zerekana ko kwizerwa, kuramba, hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibihe bikabije, bigatuma biba igice cyibikorwa bya kijyambere.