Intambara zo mu mahanga zirakomeje, ariko ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu bukomeje gushyiraho politiki nziza, kandi ku ruhande rw’inganda, ibiciro by’amabuye y'agaciro byazamutse cyane. Bifocals yazamutse bitewe no kwiyongera kwinshi mugihe cyizuba, inkunga yibiciro yarakomeye, kandi ibiciro byibyuma byakomeje kuzamuka. , ubwoba bwibikenerwa byigihe kinini byarushijeho kwiyongera, ibikorwa byo kuzuza isoko byiyongereye, umusaruro wibyuma bya buri munsi wagabanutse, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byagabanutse, ikindi cyiciro cya cyamunara cyubutaka cyatangiye, kandi isoko ryibibanza rihamye kandi rirakomeye. Urebye neza, ibiciro byibyuma biteganijwe ko bizahoraho kandi bikomeye ejo.

Inganda za Sanon muri iki gihe zifite imiyoboro ikurikira mu bubiko:

Umuyoboro wicyuma udafite icyuma giciriritse kandi giciriritse - GB / T3087-200810. Ibikoresho nyamukuru: 10 # 20 #, inzira yumusaruro: ibishyushye bishyushye bitangwa muburyo bushyushye, gukonjesha (kuzunguruka) gutangwa muburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe.

Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma kubitereko byumuvuduko mwinshi - GB / T5310-2017, intego: Ahanini ikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa karubone yubatswe, ibyuma byubatswe byubatswe hamwe nicyuma kidashobora kwangirika kwicyuma kidafite ibyuma bitagira ibyuma byumuyaga wumuvuduko mwinshi kandi hejuru. . Ibyiciro byiza bya karubone byubatswe mubyiciro birimo 20g, 20mng, na 25mng, hamwe nicyuma cyubatswe mubyuma birimo 15mog, 20mog, 12crmog, 15crmog, 12cr2mog, 12crmovg, 12cr3movsitib, nibindi.

ASME SA-106 / SA-106M-2015—— Ibikoresho byinshi: GR.B GR.C

ASTMA210 (A210M) -2012—— Ibikoresho byinshi: SA210 GrA1. SA210 GrC

ASME SA-213 / SA-213M- Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa: T11, T12, T22 T23 T91 P92

ASTM A335 / A335M-2018- Ibikoresho by'ingenzi: P11 P12 P22 P5 P9 P23 P91 P92

Imiyoboro ya mashini nifumbire mvaruganda:GB / T8162-2008Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ikoreshwa muburyo bwubaka - ibikoresho byingenzi ni 10.20.35.45.Q345

BS EN 10210-1-2006Ibyuma bishyushye bitarimo ibyuma byubatswe hamwe nintete nziza yubatswe ibyuma byubatswe - S235GRH S275JOH S275J2H S355JOH S355J2H

ASTM A53A53M-2012Umuyoboro udafite icyuma, usudira kandi ushyushye-ushyushye umuyoboro w'icyuma - GR. GR.B.

Umuyoboro wibyuma byo gutobora peteroliRAM 20MoG, 12CrMoG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12CrMoVG, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB, n'ibindi.;

Imiyoboro ya peteroli Imiterere y'imiyoboro.

API SPEC 5CT-2018 Gufata no Kubitsa, ibikoresho by'ingenzi ni: J55 K55 N80 N80Q L80 L80Q P110