20G: Numubare wibyuma byashyizwe kuri GB5310-95 (ibirango byamahanga bihuye: st45.8 mubudage, STB42 mubuyapani, na SA106B muri Amerika). Nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubyuma bitetse. Ibigize imiti nubukanishi birasa nkibya 20 byuma. Icyuma gifite imbaraga runaka mubushyuhe busanzwe nubushyuhe bwo hagati nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, karuboni nkeya, plastike nziza nubukomere, hamwe nubukonje bwiza nubushyuhe bwo gukora no gusudira. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora umuvuduko ukabije hamwe n’ibipimo byinshi byo gutekesha ibyuma, superheater, reheater, ubukungu n’inkuta z’amazi mu gice cy'ubushyuhe buke; nk'imiyoboro ntoya ya diametre yo gushyushya imiyoboro yubuso hamwe nubushyuhe bwurukuta rwa 00500 and, hamwe nurukuta rwamazi Imiyoboro, imiyoboro yubukungu, nibindi, imiyoboro minini ya diametre kumiyoboro ya parike hamwe numutwe (economizer, urukuta rwamazi, superheater yubushyuhe buke na reheater header) hamwe nubushyuhe bwurukuta ≤450 ℃, hamwe numuyoboro ufite ubushyuhe buciriritse ≤450 ories Ibikoresho nibindi. umuyoboro wo hejuru ugarukira kuri 450 ° C. Muri ubu bushyuhe, imbaraga zicyuma zirashobora kuzuza ibisabwa bya superheater hamwe nu miyoboro ya parike, kandi ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya okiside, gukomera kwa plastike, gusudira hamwe nibindi bikoresho bishyushye kandi bikonje, kandi birakoreshwa cyane. Ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura rya Irani (bivuga igice kimwe) ni umuyoboro winjiza umwanda (ubwinshi ni toni 28), umuyoboro w’amazi w’amazi (toni 20), umuyoboro uhuza amavuta (toni 26), hamwe n’umutwe w’ubukungu (Toni 8). ), sisitemu y'amazi ya desuperheating (toni 5), ahasigaye hakoreshwa nk'icyuma kibase n'ibikoresho bya boom (hafi toni 86).

SA-210C (25MnG): Nicyiciro cyicyuma mubisanzwe ASME SA-210. Nicyuma cya karubone-manganese umuyoboro muto wa diameter ya boiler na superheater, kandi ni pearlite ibyuma-imbaraga. Ubushinwa bwayimuriye GB5310 mu 1995 ayita 25MnG. Ibigize imiti biroroshye usibye kuba birimo karubone na manganese nyinshi, ibisigaye bisa na 20G, bityo umusaruro wacyo ukaba uri hejuru ya 20% hejuru ya 20G, kandi plastike nubukomezi bingana na 20G. Ibyuma bifite uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora kandi bukonje kandi bukora neza. Kubikoresha aho kuba 20G birashobora kugabanya ubugari bwurukuta no gukoresha ibikoresho, Hagati aho kunoza ihererekanyabubasha ryumuriro. Gukoresha igice no gukoresha ubushyuhe ahanini ni kimwe na 20G, bikoreshwa cyane kurukuta rwamazi, ubukungu, superheater yubushyuhe buke nibindi bikoresho ubushyuhe bwakazi buri munsi ya 500 ℃.

SA-106C: Nicyiciro cyicyuma murwego rwa ASME SA-106. Numuyoboro wibyuma bya karubone-manganese kubitereko binini bya kalibiri na superheater kubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibigize imiti biroroshye kandi bisa na 20G ibyuma bya karubone, ariko ibiyirimo bya karubone na manganese biri hejuru, bityo imbaraga zabyo zikaba ziri hejuru ya 12% ugereranije na 20G, kandi plastike nubukomezi ntabwo ari bibi. Ibyuma bifite uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora kandi bukonje kandi bukora neza. Kubikoresha kugirango usimbuze imitwe 20G (economizer, urukuta rwamazi, ubushyuhe buke bwa superheater hamwe numutwe wa reheater) birashobora kugabanya uburebure bwurukuta hafi 10%, bishobora kuzigama amafaranga yibikoresho, kugabanya imirimo yo gusudira, no kunoza imitwe Itandukaniro ryimyitwarire mukutangira .

15Mo3 (15MoG): Numuyoboro wibyuma mubisanzwe DIN17175. Nibikoresho bito bya diameter ya karubone-molybdenum ibyuma bya superheater, Hagati aho nicyuma cya pearlitike yubushyuhe. Ubushinwa bwayimuriye GB5310 mu 1995 ayita 15MoG. Imiterere yimiti iroroshye, ariko irimo molybdenum, mugihe rero ikomeje imikorere imwe nicyuma cya karubone, imbaraga zayo zumuriro ziruta ibyuma bya karubone. Kubera imikorere myiza nigiciro gito, cyemejwe cyane nibihugu kwisi yose. Nyamara, ibyuma bifite uburyo bwo gushushanya mubikorwa byigihe kirekire mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bityo ubushyuhe bwabwo bukoreshwa bugomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 510 and, kandi umubare wa Al wongeyeho mugihe cyo gushonga ugomba kugarukira kugenzura no gutinza gahunda yo gushushanya. Uyu muyoboro wibyuma ukoreshwa cyane cyane mubushuhe buke nubushyuhe bwo hasi, kandi ubushyuhe bwurukuta buri munsi ya 510 ℃. Ibigize imiti ni C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; urwego rusanzwe rwimbaraga zumuriro σs≥270-285, σb≥450- 600 MPa; Plastike δ≥22.

SA-209T1a (20MoG): Nicyiciro cyicyuma mubisanzwe ASME SA-209. Nicyuma gito cya diameter ya karubone-molybdenum yicyuma kubiteka na superheater, kandi nicyuma cya pearlite. Ubushinwa bwayimuriye GB5310 mu 1995 ayita 20MoG. Imiterere yimiti iroroshye, ariko irimo molybdenum, mugihe rero ikomeje imikorere imwe nicyuma cya karubone, imbaraga zayo zumuriro ziruta ibyuma bya karubone. Nyamara, ibyuma bifite ubushake bwo gushushanya mubikorwa byigihe kirekire mubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo ubushyuhe bwabwo bukoreshwa bugomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 510 ℃ kandi bikarinda ubushyuhe burenze. Mugihe cyo gushonga, umubare wa Al wongeyeho ugomba kugarukira kugenzura no gutinza inzira yo gushushanya. Uyu muyoboro wibyuma ukoreshwa cyane cyane mubice nkurukuta rukonje rwamazi, superheater na reheater, kandi ubushyuhe bwurukuta buri munsi ya 510 ℃. Ibigize imiti ni C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; urwego rusanzwe rwimbaraga σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; plastike δ≥30.

15CrMoG: ni GB5310-95 urwego rwibyuma (bihuye na 1Cr-1 / 2Mo na 11 / 4Cr-1 / 2Mo-Si ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane mubihugu bitandukanye kwisi). Ibirimo bya chromium biruta iby'ibyuma bya 12CrMo, bityo bifite imbaraga zo hejuru cyane. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 550 ℃, imbaraga zayo zumuriro ziragabanuka cyane. Iyo ikoreshejwe igihe kirekire kuri 500-550 ℃, gushushanya ntibizabaho, ariko karbide spheroidisation no kugabura ibintu bivangavanze bizabaho, byose biganisha ku bushyuhe bwibyuma. Imbaraga ziragabanuka, kandi ibyuma bifite imbaraga zo kuruhuka neza kuri 450 ° C. Gukora imiyoboro no gusudira imikorere yayo nibyiza. Ahanini ikoreshwa nkumuvuduko mwinshi kandi wo hagati wumuyaga hamwe numutwe ufite ibipimo byamazi biri munsi ya 550 ℃, umuyoboro wa superheater ufite ubushyuhe bwurukuta munsi ya 560 ℃, nibindi. Ibigize imiti ni C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, Mn0.40- 0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; urwego rwimbaraga σs≥ muburyo busanzwe bwubushyuhe 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Plastike δ≥21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) ni ibikoresho bisanzwe bya ASME SA213 (SA335), biri mubushinwa GB5310-95. Mu byuma bya Cr-Mo, imbaraga zayo zumuriro ni mwinshi, kandi imbaraga zo kwihangana hamwe nimpagarara zemerwa kubushyuhe bumwe ndetse zirarenze iz'icyuma 9Cr-1Mo. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi yububanyi n’amahanga, ingufu za kirimbuzi hamwe n’amato. Urwego runini rwa porogaramu. Ariko ubukungu bwa tekinike ntabwo bumeze neza nka 12Cr1MoV yigihugu cyanjye, kubwibyo ntibikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gutekesha amashanyarazi mu gihugu. Byemewe gusa mugihe umukoresha abisabye (cyane cyane iyo byateguwe kandi bikozwe ukurikije ASME ibisobanuro). Icyuma ntabwo cyunvikana no kuvura ubushyuhe, gifite plastike iramba kandi ikora neza. T22 ya diameter ntoya ikoreshwa cyane cyane nko gushyushya imiyoboro yubushuhe bwa superheater na reheater zifite ubushyuhe bwurukuta rwicyuma kiri munsi ya 580 ℃, mugihe P22 nini ya diameter nini ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubice bya superheater / reheater ubushyuhe bwurukuta rwicyuma butarenga 565 ℃. Agasanduku n'umuyoboro w'ingenzi. Ibigize imiti ni C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; urwego rwimbaraga σs≥280, σb≥ munsi yubushyuhe bwiza 450-600 MPa; Plastike δ≥20.

12R Ibigize imiti nubukanishi birasa cyane nkibya 12Cr1MoV. Ibigize imiti biroroshye, ibivanze byose hamwe biri munsi ya 2%, kandi ni karuboni nkeya, ya pearlite nkeya ya pearlite ishyushye-ibyuma. Muri byo, vanadium irashobora gukora karbide ihamye VC hamwe na karubone, ishobora gutuma chromium na molybdenum mubyuma bikunda kubaho muri ferrite, kandi bigabanya umuvuduko wo kohereza chromium na molybdenum kuva ferrite ikajya kuri karbide, bigatuma ibyuma Birarenze gihamye ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Umubare wibintu byose bivanga muri iki cyuma ni kimwe cya kabiri cyicyuma cya 2.25Cr-1Mo ikoreshwa cyane mumahanga, ariko imbaraga zayo zo kwihangana kuri 580 ℃ na 100.000 h ziri hejuru ya 40% ugereranije niyanyuma; kandi umusaruro wacyo uroroshye, kandi imikorere yo gusudira ni nziza. Igihe cyose gahunda yo gutunganya ubushyuhe irakomeye, imikorere ishimishije muri rusange nimbaraga zumuriro zirashobora kuboneka. Imikorere nyirizina ya sitasiyo yamashanyarazi yerekana ko umuyoboro wingenzi wa 12Cr1MoV ushobora gukomeza gukoreshwa nyuma yamasaha 100.000 yo gukora neza kuri 540 ° C. Imiyoboro minini ya diametre ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'imitwe hamwe n'umuyoboro w'ingenzi hamwe n'ibipimo by'amazi biri munsi ya 565 ℃, naho imiyoboro ntoya ya diameter ikoreshwa mu gushyushya amashyuza hejuru y'ubushyuhe hamwe n'ubushyuhe bw'urukuta rw'icyuma munsi ya 580 ℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Ni urwego rw'icyuma muri GB5310-95. Nibikoresho bya karubone nkeya, bivanze cyane (bike bya byinshi) bainite ibyuma bishyushye-byimbaraga byatejwe imbere niterambere ryigihugu cyanjye mumwaka wa 1960. Yashyizwe muri Minisiteri ya Metallurgie Standard YB529 kuva mu myaka ya za 70-70 ndetse n’igihugu kiriho ubu. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1980, ibyuma byatsinze isuzumabumenyi rya Minisiteri ya Metallurgie, Minisiteri y'Imashini n’amashanyarazi. Icyuma gifite imiterere myiza yubukanishi, kandi imbaraga zumuriro nubushyuhe bwa serivisi birenze ibyuma bisa n’amahanga, bigera kurwego rwa chromium-nikel austenitis ibyuma 620 ℃. Ni ukubera ko hari ubwoko bwinshi bwibintu bivangwa bikubiye mubyuma, kandi ibintu nka Cr, Si, nibindi biteza imbere kurwanya okiside nabyo byongeweho, bityo ubushyuhe bwa serivisi ntarengwa bushobora kugera kuri 620 ° C. Imikorere nyirizina y'amashanyarazi yerekanaga ko imitunganyirize n'imikorere y'umuyoboro w'icyuma bitahindutse cyane nyuma yigihe kirekire. Ahanini ikoreshwa nka superheater tube na reheater tube ya super high parameter boiler hamwe nubushyuhe bwicyuma ≤620 ℃. Ibigize imiti ni C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0. 08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; urwego rwimbaraga σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa muburyo bwiza; plastike δ≥18.

SA-213T91 (335P91): Nicyiciro cyicyuma murwego rwa ASME SA-213 (335). Nibikoresho byumuvuduko ukabije wibice byingufu za kirimbuzi (bikoreshwa no mubindi bice) byakozwe na Laboratoire yigihugu ya Rubber Ridge yo muri Amerika. Ibyuma bishingiye kuri T9 (9Cr-1Mo) ibyuma, kandi bigarukira kumupaka wo hejuru no hepfo yibirimo bya karubone. , Mugihe ugenzura cyane ibikubiye mubintu bisigaye nka P na S, ibisobanuro bya 0.030-0.070% bya N, ibimenyetso bya karbide ikomeye ikora 0.18-0.25% ya V na 0.06-0.10% ya Nb byongeweho kugera ku kunonosorwa Ubwoko bushya bwibyuma bya ferritic birwanya ubushyuhe bukorwa nibisabwa ingano; ni ASME SA-213 yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'ibyuma, naho Ubushinwa bwimura ibyuma ku gipimo cya GB5310 mu 1995, kandi amanota yashyizweho nka 10Cr9Mo1VNb; n'urwego mpuzamahanga ISO / DIS9329-2 urutonde nka X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Kubera chromium nyinshi (9%), irwanya okiside, irwanya ruswa, imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nubushake budashushanyije nibyiza kuruta ibyuma bito bito. Ikintu molybdenum (1%) ahanini itezimbere ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi ikabuza ibyuma bya chromium. Ubushyuhe bukabije; Ugereranije na T9, yazamuye imikorere yo gusudira n’imikorere y’umunaniro w’ubushyuhe, uburebure bwayo kuri 600 ° C bwikubye inshuro eshatu iyanyuma, kandi bugakomeza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kwangirika kwangirika kwicyuma cya T9 (9Cr-1Mo); Ugereranije nicyuma cya austenitike kitagira umuyonga, gifite coefficient ntoya yo kwaguka, itwara neza yumuriro, nimbaraga zo kwihangana cyane (urugero, ugereranije nicyuma cya TP304 austenitis, tegereza kugeza ubushyuhe bukomeye ari 625 ° C, nubushyuhe buringaniye ni 607 ° C) . Kubwibyo, ifite imiterere yuzuye yubukanishi, imiterere ihamye nibikorwa mbere na nyuma yo gusaza, imikorere myiza yo gusudira hamwe nibikorwa, kuramba cyane no kurwanya okiside. Ahanini ikoreshwa kuri superheater hamwe nubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwicyuma ≤650 ℃ muri boiler. Ibigize imiti ni C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤ 0.04, Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; urwego rwimbaraga σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa muburyo bwiza bwubushyuhe; plastike δ≥20.