Incamake

Twibwira ko abakiriya batekereza, byihutirwa gukora bivuye mubyifuzo byumukiriya wumwanya wa théorie, kwemerera ubuziranenge bwiza, kugabanya ibiciro byo gutunganya, ibiciro byumvikana cyane, byatsindiye abaguzi bashya kandi bishaje gushyigikira no kwemeza API 5CT Umuyoboro udafite ibyuma, Tuzaha imbaraga abantu mugushyikirana no gutega amatwi, Dutanga urugero kubandi kandi twigire kuburambe. Nkuruganda rufite uburambe natwe twemeye gutondekanya ibicuruzwa no kubikora kimwe nifoto yawe cyangwa icyitegererezo cyerekana ibisobanuro hamwe nububiko bwabakiriya. Intego nyamukuru yikigo nukubaho kwibuka bishimishije kubakiriya bose, no gushyiraho umubano muremure wubucuruzi. Kubindi bisobanuro, menya neza kutwandikira. Kandi biradushimisha cyane niba ukunda kugira inama kugiti cyawe mubiro byacu.

Imiyoboro ya peteroli ni imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikoreshwa mu gushyigikira inkuta z’iriba rya peteroli na gaze kugira ngo imikorere isanzwe y’amavuta yose nyuma yo gucukura no kurangiza. Buri riba rikoresha ibice byinshi byerekeranye nubutaka butandukanye hamwe nubumenyi bwa geologiya. Isima ikoreshwa mugushimangira isanduku nyuma yikibaho. Iratandukanye numuyoboro wa dring na drill kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa. Nibikoresho bikoreshwa rimwe. Kubwibyo, gukoresha ibicuruzwa bingana na 70% byimiyoboro yose yamavuta.

Ibikomoka kuri peteroli ni umuyoboro wibyuma bikoreshwa mugushigikira urukuta rwamariba ya peteroli na gaze kugirango imikorere isanzwe yamavuta yose nyuma yo gucukura no kurangiza. Buri riba rikoresha ibice byinshi byerekeranye nubutaka butandukanye hamwe nubumenyi bwa geologiya. Isima ikoreshwa mugushimangira iriba nyuma yo gufunga. Iratandukanye no kuvoma no gutobora imiyoboro kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa. Igituba nikintu gishobora gukoreshwa. Igituba gifite isanduku nziza hamwe nigitereko cyo hasi.
Ukurikije intego ya sima nigikorwa cyikariso, imyanda ikorera mu iriba irashobora kugabanywamo ibice byo hejuru, gutekinika tekinike hamwe n’amavuta.
. Nyuma yo gucukura umwobo, shyira muburiri munsi yubutaka bwubutaka, cyangwa ucukure mubwimbike runaka, hanyuma ukoreshe hejuru yubutaka.
Imikorere yo hejuru yubutaka nuburyo bukurikira: ①Gutandukanya amazi yo hejuru kandi wirinde amazi yo hejuru n’amazi yo mu butaka kutinjira mu iriba; Kurinda iriba no gushimangira urukuta rw'iriba rw'igice cy'iriba ry'ubutaka bwo hejuru; Kurinda umuyaga byashyizwe hejuru yikibanza kugirango wirinde guturika. Ikinyuranyo kiri hagati yubuso bwubatswe nurukuta rwiriba bigomba gufungwa na sima, ni ukuvuga, mugihe sima iriba, isima ya sima igomba gusubizwa kumuriba kugirango itandukane kandi ikingire urukuta rwiriba.
Ubujyakuzimu bw'ubutaka buri hejuru ya metero 100.
(2) Ikariso ya tekiniki: izwi kandi nk'agateganyo. Nibisanduku hamwe nigice kimwe cyangwa bibiri hagati yikibaho cya porogaramu. Ubujyakuzimu bw'iriba ni bunini, kandi burashobora gutandukanya urwego kandi bukarinda iriba kugira ngo risenyuke byoroshye, kumeneka byoroshye, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe n'umunyu urimo umunyu mu gice cyo hagati cy'iriba.
Gukoresha ibikoresho bya tekiniki birashobora kwemeza neza gucukura neza iriba ryo hepfo; irashobora kandi kurinda umutekano wo gucukura mu kigega cya peteroli na gaze; tekinike ya tekiniki ifite umutwe wumutwe hamwe ninzira enye zikumira kugirango wirinde guturika.
Ikibanza giciriritse gikoreshwa kubera ibisabwa bya tekiniki yo gucukura, bityo nanone byitwa tekinike ya tekinike. Uburebure bwa sima icomeka hagati yububiko bwa tekiniki nurukuta rwiriba bigomba kuba byibura metero 200 hejuru yurwego rwitaruye.
(3) Igipapuro cyamavuta: kizwi kandi nkibicuruzwa. Nicyiciro cyanyuma cyo gufunga muri gahunda yo gufunga iriba rya peteroli na gaze, riva kumariba kugera munsi ya peteroli na gaze inyuramo. Ubujyakuzimu bw'igisanduku kiri mu mavuta ahanini ni ubujyakuzimu.
Uruhare rwibikoresho bya peteroli ni ukunyura peteroli na gaze hasi, gutandukanya peteroli na gaze mubice byose, no kureba ko igitutu cya peteroli na gaze kidatemba. Amariba ya peteroli na gaze bimaze kwimurwa kubyara umusaruro, ubwiza bwikariso ya peteroli bugomba kwemezwa kugirango bugumane igihe runaka.
Ku ruhande rumwe, ubwiza bwa sima bwibikoresho bya peteroli bifitanye isano no kuba iriba ryubushakashatsi kandi ni urufunguzo rwo gupima peteroli na gaze; kurundi ruhande, bifitanye isano no kuba iriba ribyara umusaruro, rigira ingaruka zitaziguye mubuzima bwiriba. Uburebure bwa sima bwuburebure bwikinyuranyo hagati yigitereko cyamavuta nurukuta rwiriba byibuze metero 500 hejuru yamavuta na gaze, cyangwa metero 200 mugice cyo hejuru. . Kubwibyo, gukoresha ibicuruzwa bingana na 70% byimiyoboro yose yamavuta.

Gufata amavuta ninzira yubuzima kugirango ikomeze imikorere yamariba ya peteroli. Bitewe n’imiterere itandukanye ya geologiya, imiterere yo kumanuka kumanuka iragoye, kandi ibikorwa bihuriweho hamwe no guhagarika umutima, kwikanyiza, kunama no guhindagurika kumubiri wumuyoboro, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa hejuru kumiterere yikibaho ubwacyo. Iyo isanduku ubwayo yangiritse kubwimpamvu runaka, iriba ryose rirashobora kugabanuka cyangwa no gusibwa.
Ukurikije imbaraga zicyuma ubwacyo, isanduku irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitandukanye byibyuma, aribyo J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110, Q125, V150, nibindi. Mubidukikije byangirika, isanduku ubwayo nayo irasabwa kugira imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa. Ahantu hafite imiterere ya geologiya igoye, isanduku nayo irasabwa kugira imikorere yo kurwanya gusenyuka.

Uburyo bwo gutunganya impera zanyuma: urudodo rugufi, umugozi muremure, umugozi wa trapezoid igice, indobo idasanzwe, nibindi bikoreshwa mugucukura amariba yamavuta, bikoreshwa cyane mugushigikira urukuta rwiriba mugihe cyo gucukura na nyuma yo kurangiza, kugirango habeho iterambere yo gucukura no gukora bisanzwe amavuta yose neza nyuma yo kurangiza.

Twabibutsa ko mubwoko bukoreshwa muburyo bwa API, ubukana bwumwuka wuruziga ruzengurutse ni buke, kandi imbaraga zigice cyo guhuza umurongo ni 60% ~ 80% gusa byumubiri wa pipe; igice cya trapezoidal igice nubwo imbaraga zo guhuza ziri hejuru, ariko kashe ntago ari nziza.Niyo mpamvu, hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije bikoreshwa mu bucukuzi bwa peteroli hamwe n’ibisabwa bikenerwa cyane mu guhuza no guhuza imbaraga no gufunga, igipimo cy’imikoreshereze idasanzwe y’ingufu zidasanzwe nacyo kiriyongera.

Gusaba

Umuyoboro muri Api5ct ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gucukura amariba ya peteroli na gaze no gutwara peteroli na gaze. Gufata amavuta bikoreshwa cyane mugushigikira urukuta rwa boreho mugihe na nyuma yo kuzuza iriba kugirango harebwe imikorere isanzwe y iriba no kurangiza iriba.

Icyiciro rusange

Icyiciro: J55, K55, N80, L80, P110, nibindi

Ibigize imiti

Umutungo wa mashini

Ibisabwa

Usibye kwemeza imiterere yimiti nubukanishi, ibizamini bya hydrostatike bikorwa umwe umwe, kandi hakorwa ibizamini byo gutwika no gusibanganya. . Mubyongeyeho, haribisabwa bimwe na microstructure, ingano yingano, hamwe na decarburisation yumuringoti urangiye.

Ikizamini cya Tensile:

1. Kubikoresho byibyuma byibicuruzwa, uwabikoze agomba gukora ikizamini gikomeye. Kuri umuyoboro wa elecrtrice wasuditswe, ugabanuka kubyo uwabikoze yahisemo, ikizamini gishobora gukorerwa ku cyuma cyakoreshwaga mu gukora umuyoboro cyangwa gutunganyirizwa ku byuma bitaziguye. Ikizamini cyakozwe kubicuruzwa nacyo gishobora gukoreshwa nkikizamini cyibicuruzwa.

2. Imiyoboro yikizamini igomba gutoranywa ku bushake. Iyo hakenewe ibizamini byinshi, uburyo bwo gutoranya bugomba kwemeza ko ingero zafashwe zishobora kwerekana intangiriro nimpera yikizunguruka cyo kuvura ubushyuhe (niba bishoboka) n'impande zombi z'igituba. Mugihe hakenewe ibizamini byinshi, icyitegererezo kizakurwa mubituba bitandukanye usibye ko icyitegererezo cyumubyimba gishobora gukurwa kumpande zombi.

3. Icyitegererezo cy'imiyoboro idafite icyerekezo gishobora gufatwa umwanya uwariwo wose uzengurutse umuyoboro; icyitegererezo cyo gusudira icyitegererezo kigomba kujyanwa kuri 90 ° kugeza kumurongo weld, cyangwa kubihitamo uwabikoze. Ingero zifatwa hafi kimwe cya kane cyubugari bwumugozi.

4. Ntakibazo mbere na nyuma yubushakashatsi, niba imyiteguro yicyitegererezo isanze ifite inenge cyangwa hakabura ibikoresho bidafite aho bihuriye nintego yubushakashatsi, icyitegererezo gishobora gukurwaho kigasimbuzwa urundi rugero rwakozwe mu muyoboro umwe.

5. Niba ikizamini gikomeye cyerekana icyiciro cyibicuruzwa kitujuje ibyangombwa, uwabikoze arashobora gufata indi miyoboro 3 mugice kimwe cyigituba kugirango yongere igenzurwe.

Niba ibyasubiwemo byintangarugero byujuje ibisabwa, icyiciro cyigituba cyujuje ibyangombwa usibye umuyoboro utujuje ibyangombwa watanzwe mbere.

Niba icyitegererezo kirenze kimwe cyatanzwe mbere cyangwa icyitegererezo kimwe cyangwa byinshi byo gusubiramo bitujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, uwabikoze arashobora kugenzura icyiciro cyumuyoboro umwe umwe.

Icyiciro cyanze ibicuruzwa gishobora gushyuha no gusubirwamo nkicyiciro gishya.

Ikizamini cya Flattening ：

1. Ikigereranyo cyikizamini kigomba kuba impeta yikizamini cyangwa gukata impera ya munsi ya 63.5mm (2-1 / 2in).

2. Ibigereranirizo birashobora gukatwa mbere yo kuvura ubushyuhe, ariko bigakorerwa ubushyuhe bumwe nkumuyoboro uhagarariwe. Niba ikizamini cyakoreshejwe, hazafatwa ingamba kugirango hamenyekane isano iri hagati yicyitegererezo nicyitegererezo. Buri ziko muri buri cyiciro rigomba kumenwa.

3. Icyitegererezo kigomba gutondekwa hagati yamasahani abiri abangikanye. Muri buri cyiciro cyikigereranyo cyikigereranyo, isuderi imwe yatunganijwe kuri 90 ° indi iringaniza kuri 0 °. Icyitegererezo kigomba gutunganywa kugeza inkuta zumuyoboro zihuye. Mbere yintera iri hagati yicyapa kibangikanye kiri munsi yagaciro kagenwe, ntagice cyangwa gucamo bigomba kugaragara mubice byose byubushakashatsi. Mugihe cyose cyo gusibanganya, ntihakagombye kubaho imiterere mibi, gusudira kudahujwe, gusibanganya, gutwika ibyuma, cyangwa gukuramo ibyuma.

4. Ntakibazo mbere na nyuma yubushakashatsi, niba imyiteguro yicyitegererezo isanze ifite inenge cyangwa hakabura ibikoresho bidafite aho bihuriye nintego yubushakashatsi, icyitegererezo gishobora gukurwaho kigasimbuzwa urundi rugero rwakozwe mu muyoboro umwe.

5. Niba icyitegererezo icyo ari cyo cyose cyerekana umuyoboro kitujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, uwabikoze arashobora gufata icyitegererezo kuva kumpera imwe yigituba kugirango yipimishe kugeza igihe ibisabwa byujujwe. Nyamara, uburebure bwumuyoboro urangiye nyuma yo gutoranya ntibugomba kuba munsi ya 80% yuburebure bwambere. Niba icyitegererezo cyose cyumuyoboro uhagarariye icyiciro cyibicuruzwa kitujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, uwabikoze arashobora gufata imiyoboro ibiri yinyongera mugice cyibicuruzwa hanyuma agabanya ibyitegererezo kugirango yongere yipimishe. Niba ibisubizo by'ibi bisubizo byose byujuje ibisabwa, icyiciro cya tebes cyujuje ibyangombwa usibye umuyoboro watoranijwe nkicyitegererezo. Niba hari kimwe mubisubirwamo byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, uwabikoze arashobora kwigana imiyoboro isigaye yicyiciro kimwekimwe. Ihitamo ryuwabikoze, icyiciro cyose cyigituba kirashobora kongera gushyukwa kandi kigasubirwamo nkigice gishya cyigituba.

Ikizamini Ingaruka:

1. Kubituba, hagomba gukurwaho icyitegererezo kuri buri gice (keretse niba inyandiko zerekanwe zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa). Niba gahunda ikosowe kuri A10 (SR16), igerageza ni itegeko.

2. Kubisanduku, imiyoboro 3 yicyuma igomba gukurwa muri buri cyiciro kugirango igerageze. Imiyoboro yikizamini igomba gutoranywa ku bushake, kandi uburyo bwo gutoranya bugomba kwemeza ko ingero zatanzwe zishobora kwerekana intangiriro n’impera y’ikizamini cyo kuvura ubushyuhe n’imbere n’inyuma y’ikiganza mu gihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe.

3. Charpy V-ikizamini cyingaruka

4. Ntakibazo mbere na nyuma yubushakashatsi, niba imyiteguro yicyitegererezo isanze ifite inenge cyangwa hakabura ibikoresho bidafite aho bihuriye nintego yubushakashatsi, icyitegererezo gishobora gukurwaho kigasimbuzwa urundi rugero rwakozwe mu muyoboro umwe. Ibigereranirizo ntibigomba gufatwa nkinenge gusa kuberako bitujuje ibyangombwa byibuze byinjizwa.

5. Niba ibisubizo byintangarugero zirenze imwe biri munsi yubushobozi buke bwakoreshejwe, cyangwa ibisubizo byurugero rumwe biri munsi ya 2/3 byingufu zashizwemo ingufu zisabwa, hazafatwa izindi ngero eshatu mugice kimwe kandi yagaruwe. Ingaruka zingaruka za buri cyitegererezo cyagarutsweho zigomba kuba nyinshi cyangwa zingana ningufu ntarengwa zisabwa zisabwa.

6. Niba ibisubizo byubushakashatsi runaka bidahuye nibisabwa kandi ibisabwa kugirango igeragezwa rishya bitujujwe, noneho hafashwe izindi ngero eshatu kuri buri kimwe mubindi bice bitatu byitsinda. Niba ibisabwa byose byiyongereye byujuje ibisabwa, icyiciro cyujuje ibisabwa usibye icyatsinzwe mbere. Niba igice kirenze kimwe cyigenzura kitujuje ibisabwa, uwabikoze arashobora guhitamo kugenzura ibice bisigaye byicyiciro kimwekimwe, cyangwa gushyushya icyiciro no kugenzura mugice gishya.

7. Niba ibirenze kimwe mubintu bitatu byambere bisabwa kugirango yerekane icyiciro cyujuje ibyangombwa byanze, kongera kugenzura ntibyemewe kwerekana icyiciro cyujuje ibyangombwa. Uruganda rushobora guhitamo kugenzura ibice bisigaye igice, cyangwa gushyushya icyiciro no kugenzura mugice gishya.

Ikizamini cya Hydrostatike ：

1. Buri muyoboro ugomba gukorerwa hydrostatike yumuvuduko wumuyoboro wose nyuma yo kubyimba (niba bibaye ngombwa) no kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma (niba bibaye ngombwa), kandi bizagera kumuvuduko wa hydrostatike utabanje kumeneka. Umuvuduko wikigereranyo ufata umwanya wakozwe munsi ya 5s. Ku miyoboro isudira, gusudira kw'imiyoboro bigomba kugenzurwa ko bitemba bitewe n'umuvuduko w'ikizamini. Keretse niba ikizamini cyose cyumuyoboro cyakozwe byibuze hakiri kare kumuvuduko ukenewe kugirango impera yanyuma irangire, uruganda rutunganya urudodo rugomba gukora hydrostatike (cyangwa gutegura ikizamini nkiki) kumuyoboro wose.

2. Imiyoboro igomba kuvurwa ubushyuhe igomba gukorerwa hydrostatike nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma. Umuvuduko wikizamini cyimiyoboro yose ifite imitwe ihanamye igomba kuba byibura umuvuduko wikizamini cyurudodo hamwe.

3 .Nyuma yo gutunganyirizwa mubunini bwumuyoboro urangiye urangiye hamwe nuduce twose twavuwe nubushyuhe, ikizamini cya hydrostatike kizakorwa nyuma yumutwe cyangwa urudodo.

Ubworoherane

Diameter yo hanze:

Kubyimbye bifatanye hamwe bifite ubunini buto cyangwa bungana na 5-1 / 2, kwihanganira gukurikira gukoreshwa kumurambararo winyuma wumubiri wumuyoboro uri hagati ya 127mm (5.0in) kuruhande rwikigina; Ubworoherane bukurikira bukoreshwa kuri diametre yinyuma yigituba mumwanya uri hafi yingana na diametre yigituba ako kanya kegeranye nigice cyijimye.

Kubitereko byimbitse byo hanze bifite ubunini bwa 2-3 / 8 kandi binini, kwihanganira gukurikira gukoreshwa kumurambararo winyuma wumuyoboro wijimye kandi umubyimba uhinduka buhoro buhoro uhereye kumpera yumuyoboro.

Uburebure bw'urukuta ：

Uburebure bwurukuta rwerekanwe kwihanganira umuyoboro ni -12.5%

Ibiro ：

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira ni ibisabwa bisanzwe byo kwihanganira ibiro. Iyo uburebure ntarengwa bwurukuta burenze cyangwa bungana na 90% yubugari bwurukuta rwerekanwe, imipaka yo hejuru yo kwihanganira imbaga yumuzi umwe igomba kwiyongera kugeza kuri + 10%

Ibicuruzwa birambuye

Imiyoboro ya peteroli Imiterere y'imiyoboro

API 5L

API 5CT