Igiciro cyumvikana kubushinwa Ductile Seamless Cast Iron Steel Boiler Tube Igiciro Umuyoboro wicyuma
Incamake
Kwizerwa kurwego rwo hejuru kandi rwiza rwinguzanyo ruhagaze ni amahame yacu, azadufasha kumwanya wo hejuru. Dukurikije amahame y "ubuziranenge ubanza, umuguzi usumba ayandi" kuri Boiler Pipe, Twijeje ubuziranenge, niba abaguzi batishimiye ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge, urashobora kugaruka muminsi 7 hamwe na leta zabo za mbere. Twizera ko umubano mwiza wubucuruzi uzaganisha ku nyungu no gutera imbere kumpande zombi. Ubu twashizeho umubano wigihe kirekire kandi ugenda neza mubufatanye nabakiriya benshi kubwo kwizera kwabo serivisi zidasanzwe hamwe nubunyangamugayo mugukora ubucuruzi. Twishimiye kandi izina ryiza binyuze mubikorwa byacu byiza. Imikorere myiza igiye gutegurwa nkihame ryubunyangamugayo. Kwiyegurira Imana no Kwihagararaho bizagumaho nkuko bisanzwe.
Umuyoboro utetse byose bisabwa NDT kugirango urebe ko nta nenge nziza izatera ingaruka. NDT ikubiyemo uburyo bwinshi bwo kwipimisha, muri bwo, Ultrosonic, X-Ray, Eddy Current na Magnetic Flux Leakage ikoreshwa cyane, nubwo byose byakoreshejwe mugusuzuma inenge nkibyobo, imyenge, ibishyiramo, ibice, ariko bifite inyungu zitandukanye icyo kizamini gikwiye:
Ultrosonic
Birakwiriye kubintu byinshi bitandukanye; gira inyungu igerageza imbere inenge nka nta fusion, crack, delamination, igipimo cyo gutahura ni kinini; ifite imbaraga zo kwinjira cyane, zirashobora gukoreshwa mugutahura inenge yimbere yikigereranyo murwego runini; ahantu hafite inenge nukuri; sensibilité yo hejuru, irashobora kumenya inenge yubunini buto imbere yikigereranyo; igiciro gito, umuvuduko wihuse, ibikoresho byoroheje, bitagira ingaruka kumubiri wabantu nibidukikije, byoroshye gukoresha kurubuga
Ariko biragoye gukora isesengura ryuzuye kandi ryuzuye ryinenge mubigereranyo; biragoye kumenya icyitegererezo gifite imiterere igoye cyangwa imiterere idasanzwe; aho biherereye, icyerekezo n'imiterere y'inenge bifite uruhare runini kubisubizo byo gutahura; ingano y'ibintu n'ingano bigira uruhare runini mu gutahura; ibisubizo ntabwo bishishikaje kandi nta buhamya butaziguye bwibisubizo byibizamini mugihe imfashanyigisho ya A ubwoko bwa pulse yerekana uburyo bwakoreshejwe
X-Ray
Kimwe na ultrosonic, byombi byakoreshejwe mugusuzuma inenge imbere, X-ray yakoreshejwe cyane mugusuzuma icyuma cyogosha hamwe nibicuruzwa, cyane cyane icyuma gisudira, birashobora kumenya neza inenge zijwi nko kwikinisha, gushiramo ibishishwa no kubyimba, ariko biragoye gutahura inenge zagace nko gusiba no gucamo. X-ray irashobora kwitegereza mu buryo butaziguye ingano, aho biherereye na miterere yubusembwa, ariko ntabwo yunvikana nubusembwa bwakarere, kandi kumenya neza ibimenyetso bizagabanuka niba icyerekezo cy inenge nicyerekezo cyerekana imirasire idakwiye nubwo bidashoboka kubimenya, kandi igiciro ni kinini, imikorere iragoye
Eddy
Eddy Ibiriho na Magnetic Flux Kumeneka byombi ntabwo bifite reuqirement nyinshi kubijyanye nubwiza bwa surfact, kandi ibimenyetso byagaragaye ni ikimenyetso cyamashanyarazi, gishobora gutunganywa muburyo bworoshye kugirango byoroherezwe kubika, kubyara no kugereranya amakuru no gutunganya. Ifite ibyiyumvo bihanitse kandi byerekana umurongo mwiza werekana murwego runaka kubutunenge cyangwa hafi yubuso bwakazi, bushobora gukoreshwa mugucunga neza no kugenzura; Irashobora kugeragezwa ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, ahantu hafunganye akazi no kurukuta rwimbitse (harimo urukuta rwa tube); ibikoresho bidasanzwe bishobora gutera imbaraga za eddy birashobora kugeragezwa, nka grafite; mugihe cyo gutahura, coil ntikeneye kuvugana nakazi cyangwa guhuza ibikoresho, bityo umuvuduko wo gutahura urihuta.
Ariko ingingo igomba kwitwara neza kandi irakwiriye gusa kumenya inenge yicyuma; ubujyakuzimu bwo gutahura no kwiyumvisha ibintu biravuguruzanya. Iyo ukora ET ku bikoresho, birakenewe ko dusuzuma byimazeyo ukurikije ibikoresho, imiterere yubuso nubugenzuzi, hanyuma ukagena gahunda yo gutahura nibipimo bya tekiniki; mugihe unyuze-coil ikoreshwa kuri ET, umwanya wihariye kumuzenguruko yinenge ntushobora kugenwa; biragoye kumenya ingero zifite imiterere igoye
Amashanyarazi ya Magnetic
Kimwe na Eddy Ibiriho, ntugire reuqirement nyinshi kubijyanye nubwiza bwa surfact, kandi ibimenyetso byagaragaye ni ikimenyetso cyamashanyarazi, gishobora gutunganywa muburyo bworoshye kugirango byoroherezwe kubika, kubyara no kugereranya amakuru no gutunganya. Kugereranya kwambere inenge birashobora kugerwaho.Iyi mibare ntishobora gusa kumenya urubanza rwinenge, ariko kandi irashobora gukora isuzuma ryibanze ryurwego rwibyangiritse; kumiyoboro ifite uburebure bwurukuta ruri munsi ya 30mm, irashobora icyarimwe kumenya inenge yimbere ninyuma; kuberako byoroshye guhita byikora, gukora neza cyane kandi nta mwanda ushobora kuboneka
Ariko birakoreshwa gusa mubikoresho bya ferromagnetic.Kubera ko magnetisiyasi nintambwe yambere yo gutahura magnetiki flux yamenetse, ubwikorezi bwibikoresho bitari ferromagnetique bigera kuri 1, kandi umurima wa magneti ukikije inenge ntuzahinduka bitewe nuburyo bworoshye, bityo magnetiki flux yamenetse ntibizabaho; tuvugishije ukuri, ibizamini bya magnetiki flux yamenetse ntibishobora gutahura inenge mubikoresho bya ferromagnetic.Niba intera iri hagati yinenge nubuso ari nini, kugoreka umurima wa magnetique ukikije inenge bigaragara cyane cyane kuri inenge, mugihe ubuso bwakazi bushobora kuba budafite magnetique.; ibizamini bya magnetiki flux yamenetse ntibikwiye mugupima ingero zifunze cyangwa zuzuye hejuru; Kumenyekanisha ibintu bya magnetiki flux ntibikwiye kubigereranirizo bifite imiterere igoye.Gushakisha kwa magnetique byerekana ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikoresha itumanaho rya magnetiki, kandi imiterere yikigereranyo igoye gato ntabwo ifasha gutahura; magnetic flux kumeneka ntibikwiye mugutahura uduce duto cyane cyane gufunga.
Gusaba
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa karubone, ibyuma byubatswe byubatswe hamwe nicyuma kidashobora kwangirika ibyuma bitagira umuyaga kugirango umuyaga mwinshi kandi hejuru yimiyoboro itetse.
Ahanini ikoreshwa kumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa boiler (Umuyoboro wa superheater, umuyoboro wa reheater, umuyoboro woguhumeka, umuyoboro wingenzi wamazi yo hejuru hamwe na ultra high high boiler). Bitewe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa gazi ya gazi hamwe numwuka wamazi, umuyoboro uzahinduka okiside kandi ukangirika. Birasabwa ko umuyoboro wibyuma uramba cyane, ukarwanya okiside na ruswa, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwimiterere.
Icyiciro rusange
Urwego rwicyuma cyiza cya karubone cyiza: 20g 、 20mng 、 25mng
Urwego rwibyuma byubatswe byubaka: 15mog 、 20mog 、 12crmog 、 15crmog 、 12cr2mog 、 12crmovg 、 12cr3movsitib, nibindi
Urwego rwicyuma cyihanganira ingese: 1cr18ni9 1cr18ni11nb
Ibigize imiti
| Icyiciro | Ubwiza Icyiciro | Umutungo wa Shimi | ||||||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Nb | V | Ti | Cr | Ni | Cu | Nd | Mo | B | Als " | ||
| 不大于 | 不小于 | |||||||||||||||
| Q345 | A | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.70 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.012 | 0.10 | - | - | |||
| B | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||||||||||||||
| C | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.015 | ||||||||||
| D | 0.18 | 0.030 | 0.025 | |||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
| Q390 | A | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.70 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.3。 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.10 | - | - |
| B | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||||||||||||||
| C | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0,015 | |||||||||||||
| D | 0.030 | 0.025 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
| Q42O | A | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.70 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.07 | 0.2。 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.20 | - | - |
| B | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||||||||||||||
| C | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.015 | |||||||||||||
| D | 0.030 | 0.025 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
| Q46O | C | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.80 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.20 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| D | 0.030 | 0.025 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
| Q500 | C | 0.18 | 0.60 | 1.80 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.20 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| D | 0.025 | 0.015 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.020 | 0.010 | ||||||||||||||
| Q550 | C | 0.18 | 0.60 | 2.00 | 0.025 | 0,020 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.30 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| D | 0.025 | 0,015 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.020 | 0.010 | ||||||||||||||
| Q62O | C | 0.18 | 0.60 | 2.00 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.30 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| D | 0.025 | 0.015 | ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.020 | 0.010 | ||||||||||||||
| Usibye amanota ya Q345A na Q345B, ibyuma bigomba kuba byibuze byibuze kimwe mubintu bitunganijwe neza Al, Nb, V, na Ti. Ukurikije ibikenewe, utanga isoko ashobora kongeramo kimwe cyangwa byinshi byinonosoye ingano, agaciro ntarengwa kagomba kuzuza ibisabwa mumeza. Iyo uhujwe, Nb + V + Ti <0.22% ° Kubyiciro bya Q345, Q390, Q420 na Q46O, Mo + Cr <0,30% oIyo buri cyiciro cya Cr na Ni gikoreshwa nkibintu bisigaye, ibikubiye muri Cr na Ni ntibigomba kuba hejuru ya 0,30%; mugihe bikenewe kongerwamo, ibiyikubiyemo bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mumeza cyangwa bigenwa nuwabitanze hamwe nuwabiguze binyuze mubyifuzo.J Niba utanga isoko ashobora kwemeza ko ibirimo azote byujuje ibisabwa mumeza, isesengura ryibintu bya azote rishobora ntibikore. Niba Al, Nb, V, Ti nibindi bintu bivanze hamwe na azote ikosorwa byongewe kumyuma, ibirimo azote ntabwo bigarukira. Ibikoresho bya azote bigomba gutomorwa mubyemezo byubuziranenge. 'Iyo ukoresheje aluminiyumu yose, ibirimo aluminiyumu AIt ^ 0.020% B. | ||||||||||||||||
Umutungo wa mashini
| No | Icyiciro | Umutungo wa mashini | ||||
|
|
| Umuhengeri | Tanga umusaruro | Kwagura | Tekereza (J) | Ukuboko |
| 1 | 20G | 410- | ≥ | 24/22% | 27/27 | - |
| 2 | 20MnG | 415- | ≥ | 22/20% | 27/27 | - |
| 3 | 25MnG | 485- | ≥ | 20/18% | 27/27 | - |
| 4 | 15MoG | 450- | ≥ | 22/20% | 27/27 | - |
| 6 | 12CrMoG | 410- | ≥ | 21/19% | 27/27 | - |
| 7 | 15CrMoG | 440- | ≥ | 21/19% | 27/27 | - |
| 8 | 12Cr2MoG | 450- | ≥ | 22/20% | 27/27 | - |
| 9 | 12Cr1MoVG | 470- | ≥ | 21/19% | 27/27 | - |
| 10 | 12Cr2MoWVTiB | 540- | ≥ | 18 / -% | 40 / - | - |
| 11 | 10Cr9Mo1VNbN | ≥ | ≥ | 20/16% | 27/27 | ≤ |
| 12 | 10Cr9MoW2VNbBN | ≥ | ≥ | 20/16% | 27/27 | ≤ |
Ubworoherane
Uburebure bw'urukuta na Diameter yo hanze:
Niba nta bisabwa bidasanzwe, umuyoboro uza gutanga nka diameter isanzwe yo hanze n'ubugari busanzwe bwurukuta. Kurikira urupapuro
| Itondekanya | Uburyo bwo gukora | Ingano y'umuyoboro | Ubworoherane | |||
| Urwego rusanzwe | Urwego rwo hejuru | |||||
| KUKI | Bishyushye （extrude） umuyoboro | Ubusanzwe hanze ya Diameter （D） | <57 | 士 0.40 | ± 0,30 | |
| 57 〜325 | SW35 | ± 0,75% D. | ± 0.5% D. | |||
| S> 35 | ± 1% D. | ± 0,75% D. | ||||
| > 325 〜6 。。 | + 1% D cyangwa + 5.Fata munsi imwe 一 2 | |||||
| > 600 | + 1% D cyangwa + 7, Fata munsi imwe 一 2 | |||||
| Ubusanzwe Urukuta （S） | <4.0 | ± | ・丨） | ± 0.35 | |||
| > 4.0-20 | + 12.5% S. | ± 10% S. | ||||
| > 20 | DV219 | ± 10% S. | ± 7.5% S. | |||
| 9 219 | + 12.5% S -10% S. | 土10% S. | ||||
| KUKI | Umuyoboro wo kwagura ubushyuhe | Ubusanzwe hanze ya Diameter (D) | byose | ± 1% D. | ± 0,75%。 |
| Ubusanzwe Urukuta (S) | byose | + 20% S. -10% S. | + 15% S. -io% s | ||
| WC | Ubukonje bukonje (buzunguruka) Umuyoboro | Ubusanzwe hanze ya Diameter (D) | <25.4 | ± 'L1j | - |
| > 25.4 〜4 () | ± 0.20 | ||||
| > 40 〜50 | |: 0.25 | - | |||
| > 50 〜60 | ± 0.30 | ||||
| > 60 | ± 0.5% D. | ||||
| Ubusanzwe Urukuta (S) | <3.0 | ± 0.3 | ± 0.2 | ||
| > 3.0 | S | ± 7.5% S. |
Uburebure:
Uburebure busanzwe bw'imiyoboro y'ibyuma ni 4 000 mm ~ 12 000 mm. Nyuma yo kugisha inama hagati yuwabitanze nuwaguze, akuzuza amasezerano, irashobora gutangwa imiyoboro yicyuma ifite uburebure burenga mm 12 000 cyangwa ngufi ya mm 000 ariko ntibiri munsi ya mm 3 000; uburebure bugufi Umubare wibyuma bitarenze mm 4000 ariko ntibiri munsi ya 3000 mm ntibishobora kurenga 5% byumubare wibyuma byatanzwe
Uburemere bwo gutanga ：
Iyo umuyoboro wibyuma utanzwe ukurikije diameter yinyuma yinyuma nuburebure bwurukuta rwizina cyangwa diameter yimbere yimbere nubunini bwurukuta rwizina, umuyoboro wibyuma utangwa ukurikije uburemere nyabwo. Irashobora kandi gutangwa ukurikije uburemere bwa theoretical.
Iyo umuyoboro wibyuma utanzwe ukurikije diameter yinyuma nubunini bwurukuta ntarengwa, umuyoboro wibyuma utangwa ukurikije uburemere nyabwo; gutanga no gusaba amashyaka araganira. Kandi bigaragarira mu masezerano. Umuyoboro wibyuma urashobora kandi gutangwa ukurikije uburemere bwa theoretical.
Kwihanganira ibiro ：
Ukurikije ibisabwa nuwaguze, nyuma yo kugisha inama hagati yuwabitanze nuwaguze, no mumasezerano, gutandukana hagati yuburemere nyabwo nuburemere bwamahame bwumuyoboro wibyuma bitanga bigomba kuba byujuje ibi bikurikira:
a) Umuyoboro umwe w'icyuma: ± 10%;
b) Buri cyiciro cyimiyoboro yicyuma gifite ubunini buke bwa 10 t: ± 7.5%.
Ibisabwa
Ikizamini cya Hydraustatic:
Umuyoboro wibyuma ugomba kugeragezwa mumazi umwe umwe. Umuvuduko ntarengwa wikizamini ni 20 MPa. Mugihe cyumuvuduko wikizamini, igihe cyo guhagarara ntigomba kuba munsi ya 10 s, kandi umuyoboro wibyuma ntugomba gutemba.
Umukoresha amaze kubyemera, ikizamini cya hydraulic gishobora gusimburwa na eddy igeragezwa cyangwa igeragezwa rya magnetiki flux.
Ikizamini kidahwitse ：
Imiyoboro isaba ubugenzuzi bwinshi igomba kugenzurwa na ultrasonique imwe imwe. Nyuma yumushyikirano usaba uruhushya rwababuranyi kandi bisobanuwe mumasezerano, ibindi bizamini bidasenya birashobora kongerwaho.
Ikizamini cya Flattening ：
Imiyoboro ifite diameter yo hanze irenga mm 22 igomba gukorerwa ikizamini. Nta gutandukanya kugaragara, ibibara byera, cyangwa umwanda bigomba kubaho mugihe cyubushakashatsi bwose.
Ikizamini cyo gutwika:
Ukurikije ibisabwa n’umuguzi kandi byavuzwe mu masezerano, umuyoboro wibyuma ufite diameter yo hanze ≤76mm hamwe nuburebure bwurukuta ≤8mm birashobora gukorwa ikizamini cyo gutwika. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bushyuhe bwicyumba hamwe na taper ya 60 °. Nyuma yo gucana, igipimo cyaka cya diameter yo hanze kigomba kuba cyujuje ibisabwa kumeza ikurikira, kandi ibikoresho byikizamini ntibigomba kwerekana ibice cyangwa ibice.
| Ubwoko bw'icyuma
| Igipimo cya diameter yo gutwika umuyoboro wibyuma /% | ||
| Imbere Imbere / Diameter yo hanze | |||
| <0.6 | > 0.6 〜0.8 | > 0.8 | |
| Ibyuma byiza bya karubone byubaka | 10 | 12 | 17 |
| Ibyuma byubaka ibyuma | 8 | 10 | 15 |
| • Diameter y'imbere ibarwa kuri sample. | |||
Ibicuruzwa birambuye
Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma kubitutu byumuvuduko mwinshi
GB / T5310-2017
ASME SA-106 / SA-106M-2015
ASTMA210 (A210M) -2012
ASME SA-213 / SA-213M
