1. Chiyambi chaChitoliro chachitsulo chosasinthika
Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasokonekera ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi chigawo chopanda kanthu komanso chopanda zozungulira. Lili ndi mphamvu zambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso matenthedwe abwino amafuta. Chifukwa cha ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri, mipope yachitsulo yosasunthika imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana mongamafuta, makampani opanga mankhwala, mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikumanga.
2. Njira yopanga chitoliro chopanda chitsulo
Njira yopanga seamless zitsulo chitoliro makamaka zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
a. Konzani zopangira: Sankhani zitsulo zachitsulo zoyenera, zomwe zimafuna pamwamba pabwino, zopanda thovu, zopanda ming'alu, komanso zosawoneka bwino.
b. Kutenthetsa: Kutenthetsa billet yachitsulo kutentha kwambiri kuti ikhale pulasitiki komanso yosavuta kupanga.
c. Kuboola: Chitsulo chachitsulo chotenthedwa chimabowoleredwa mu chubu chopanda kanthu kudzera pamakina oboola, ndiko kuti, chitoliro choyambira chachitsulo.
d. Kugudubuza kwa chitoliro: Chubu chopanda kanthu chimakulungidwa kangapo kuti muchepetse m'mimba mwake, kukulitsa makulidwe ake, ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kwamkati.
e. Kukula: Chitoliro chachitsulo pamapeto pake chimapangidwa kudzera mu makina opangira kuti makulidwe ndi makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo zikwaniritse zofunikira.
f. Kuziziritsa: Chitoliro chachitsulo chowoneka bwino chimakhazikika kuti chiwonjezere kulimba ndi mphamvu.
g. Kuwongola: Kongoletsani chitoliro chachitsulo choziziritsa kuti muchepetse kupindika kwake.
h. Kuyang'anira Ubwino: Chitani kuyendera kwaubwino pamapaipi achitsulo omalizidwa, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana kukula, makulidwe a khoma, kuuma, mawonekedwe apamwamba, etc.
3. Njira yopangira chitoliro chopanda zitsulo #Chitoliro Chachitsulo Chopanda Msoko#
3. Njira yopangira chitoliro chopanda zitsulo #Chitoliro Chachitsulo Chopanda Msoko#
Njira yeniyeni yopangira mapaipi opanda zitsulo ndi motere:
a. Konzani zopangira: Sankhani zitsulo zachitsulo zoyenera, zomwe sizifuna chilema, zopanda thovu, komanso ming'alu pamwamba.
b. Kutenthetsa: Kutenthetsa billet zitsulo mpaka kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kwapakati ndi 1000-1200 ℃.
c. Kuboola: Chitsulo chotenthetsera chimabowoleredwa mu chubu chopanda kanthu kudzera pamakina oboola. Panthawiyi, chubu chopanda kanthu sichinapangidwe kwathunthu.
d. Kugubuduza kwa chitoliro: Chubu chopanda kanthu chimatumizidwa kumakina opukutira chitoliro kuti azigudubuza kangapo kuti achepetse kukula kwa chubu ndikuwonjezera makulidwe a khoma, ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kwamkati.
e. Kutenthetsanso: Yatsaninso chubu chozunguliridwacho chilibe kanthu kuti muchotse kupsinjika kotsalira kwa mkati.
f. Kukula: Chitoliro chachitsulo pamapeto pake chimapangidwa kudzera mu makina opangira kuti makulidwe ndi makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo zikwaniritse zofunikira.
g. Kuziziritsa: Kuziziritsa chitoliro chachitsulo choumbika, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa kwamadzi kapena kuziziritsa mpweya.
h. Kuwongola: Kongoletsani chitoliro chachitsulo choziziritsa kuti muchepetse kupindika kwake.
ndi. Kuyang'anira Ubwino: Chitani kuyendera kwaubwino pamapaipi achitsulo omalizidwa, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana kukula, makulidwe a khoma, kuuma, mawonekedwe apamwamba, etc.
Panthawi yopangira, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kudziwika: choyamba, ubwino ndi kukhazikika kwa zipangizo ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa; chachiwiri, kutentha ndi kuthamanga ayenera mosamalitsa ankalamulira pa kuboola ndi anagubuduza njira kupewa ming'alu ndi mapindikidwe; potsiriza, kukula ndi kuziziritsa Kukhazikika ndi kuwongoka kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chiyenera kusungidwa panthawiyi.
4. Kuwongolera kwabwino kwa mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko, izi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa:
a. Zipangizo: Gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe chilema, thovu, kapena ming'alu pamwamba. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kake ndi makina amakina azinthu zopangira zimakwaniritsa zofunikira.
b. Njira yopangira: Yang'anirani mosamalitsa njira iliyonse pakupanga kuti muwonetsetse kuti njira iliyonse ndi yokhazikika komanso yodalirika. Makamaka pa kuboola ndi kugubuduza njira, kutentha ndi kuthamanga ayenera mosamalitsa ankalamulira kupewa ming'alu ndi mapindikidwe.
c. Makulidwe: Yang'anani mozama pamapaipi achitsulo omalizidwa kuti muwonetsetse kuti makulidwe awo ndi makulidwe awo amakwaniritsa zofunikira. Zida zapadera zoyezera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera, monga ma micrometer, zida zoyezera makulidwe a khoma, etc.
d. Ubwino wapamtunda: Yendetsani kuwunika kwapamwamba pamipope yachitsulo yomalizidwa, kuphatikiza roughness pamwamba, kukhalapo kwa ming'alu, kupindika ndi zolakwika zina. Kuzindikira kumatha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zowunikira kapena zida zapadera zoyesera.
e. Kapangidwe ka Metallographic: Chitani mayeso amtundu wazitsulo papaipi yomalizidwa yachitsulo kuti muwonetsetse kuti kapangidwe kake kazitsulo kamakwaniritsa zofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, maikulosikopu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana kapangidwe ka metallographic ndikuwona ngati pali zolakwika zazing'ono.
f. Zida zamakina: Zida zamakina zamapaipi azitsulo zomalizidwa zimayesedwa, kuphatikiza kuuma, kulimba kwamphamvu, mphamvu zokolola ndi zizindikiro zina. Makina oyesera ma tensile ndi zida zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa.
Kupyolera mu njira zomwe zili pamwambazi zowongolera khalidwe, ubwino wa mipope yachitsulo yosasunthika ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa kukhala wokhazikika komanso wodalirika, kukwaniritsa zosowa za madera osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito.
5. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko
Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko imakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kuphatikiza izi:
a. Makampani amafuta: amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi amafuta, mapaipi amafuta ndi mapaipi amafuta pamakampani amafuta. Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yamafuta amafuta ikhale yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika.
b. Makampani Chemical: Mu makampani mankhwala, opanda zitsulo mapaipi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana mapaipi mankhwala anachita, madzimadzi mayendedwe mapaipi, etc. makampani opanga mankhwala.
Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika ndi chitsulo chozungulira chokhala ndi gawo lopanda kanthu ndipo palibe zitsulo zozungulira. Ili ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha kochepa. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mapaipi otenthedwa otentha ndi mapaipi ozizira. Mipope yotentha yotentha imapangidwa ndi kutentha kwazitsulo zazitsulo pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa perforation, kugudubuza, kuziziritsa ndi njira zina, ndipo ndizoyenera zitsulo zazikulu ndi zovuta zazitsulo; mapaipi ozizira adagulung'undisa ndi ozizira kugudubuza kutentha firiji ndi oyenera kupanga Zing'onozing'ono mtanda ndime ndi apamwamba mwatsatanetsatane zitsulo mapaipi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-28-2023
