Pamene tchuthi chatha, tayambiranso ntchito yanthawi zonse. Zikomo chifukwa cha thandizo lanu ndi kumvetsetsa kwanu panthawi ya tchuthi. Tsopano, tikuyembekezera kupitiriza kukupatsani ntchito zogwira mtima komanso zapamwamba.
Pamene msika ukusintha, tawona kuti mitengo ikupitiriza kukwera posachedwapa. Kuti tiwonetsetse kuti titha kupitiliza kupereka zinthu ndi ntchito zapamwamba, mitengo yamaoda ena ingafunike kusintha.
Chifukwa chake, tikukupemphani kuti musamalire zinthu zotsatirazi poyitanitsa:
1. Kuyankhulana kwanthawi yake: Ngati muli ndi dongosolo lomwe likukambidwa kapena latsala pang'ono kuikidwa, chonde funsani gulu lathu mwamsanga kuti mutsimikizire zamtengo wapatali.
2. Kusintha kwamitengo: Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa msika, mtengo wa malamulo ena ukhoza kusintha. Tidzayesa momwe tingathere kuti mtengo ukhale wololera ndikuwusintha munthawi yake malinga ndi momwe zilili.
3. Kuwonekera ndi kuthandizira: Tadzipereka kuti tisunge kuwonekera pakusintha kwamitengo ndikupereka tsatanetsatane wa kusintha kwamitengo. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena mukufuna zambiri, chonde muzimasuka kulankhula nafe.
Chitoliro chopanda chitsulo ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda ma welds, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe ake akuluakulu ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yonyamula mphamvu, kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, ndi mphamvu yopindika kwambiri, choncho imachita bwino m'malo apadera monga kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kukana kutentha. Njira yopanga mipope yopanda chitsulo imagawidwa m'magawo angapo ofunikira, ndipo kuwongolera kokhazikika kwamtundu kumapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira zinthu kupita kuzinthu zomaliza.
Njira yopanga
Kupanga mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika kumayamba ndi zitsulo zozungulira. Zitsulo zozungulira zimatenthedwa mpaka pafupifupi 1200 ℃ mu ng'anjo yotentha ndikulowa munjira yotentha. Njira yowotchera yotentha imagwiritsa ntchito makina oboola zitsulo zotentha kuti apange chubu billet yokhala ndi dzenje pakati. Sitepe iyi imatsimikizira mawonekedwe oyambirira a chitoliro chachitsulo ndikuonetsetsa mphamvu yapangidwe ya chitoliro chachitsulo.
Chotsatira, choboola chubu billet imakulitsidwanso ndikupangidwa kudzera munjira yogubuduza. Kutentha, kupanikizika ndi liwiro panthawi yogubuduza kuyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino kuti zitsimikizire kukula, makulidwe a khoma ndi khalidwe lapamwamba la chitoliro chachitsulo.
Pambuyo popanga, chitoliro chachitsulo chiyenera kudutsa muzozizira ndi kuwongola. Kuziziritsa ndiko kuchepetsa msanga chitoliro kuchokera kutentha kutentha mpaka kutentha kwa chipinda kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa ndondomeko ya metallographic ya zinthu. Kuwongola ndikuchotsa kupindika kapena kupindika kwina komwe kungachitike panthawi yopanga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chitoliro chiwongoka.
Pomaliza, chitoliro chachitsulo chimafunikanso kuyesedwa kolimba ndi kukonza. Mayeserowa amaphatikizapo kuzindikira zolakwika za akupanga, kuzindikira kwa eddy panopa, ndi zina zotero, makamaka kuonetsetsa kuti palibe cholakwika mkati mwa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika ndikukwaniritsa miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito. Mapaipi ena achitsulo opanda msoko adzakumananso ndi njira zochizira pamwamba monga pickling ndi phosphating kuti apititse patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri.
Kusamala kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi opanda zitsulo
Monga zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri, zolimbana ndi kupanikizika komanso kutukula, mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumafuta, mankhwala, mphamvu yamagetsi, makina ndi mafakitale ena. Komabe, ngakhale kuti imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndi kukonza ndikofunikirabe kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Izi ndi zodzitetezera pamipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko mukamagwiritsa ntchito:
1. Sankhani zipangizo zoyenera ndi ndondomeko
Mipope yachitsulo yosasunthika imapezeka muzinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kusankha chinthu choyenera malinga ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Zosiyanasiyana ntchito (monga kuthamanga ntchito, kutentha, corrosiveness wa sing'anga, etc.) ndi zofunika zosiyanasiyana za zinthu za zitsulo mipope zitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, ponyamula zotengera zotentha kwambiri, mapaipi achitsulo osagwira kutentha ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; m'malo owononga kwambiri, mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zinthu zina zosagwira dzimbiri ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Choncho, musanagule, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mukumvetsa zofunikira zaumisiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitoliro zachitsulo kuti mupewe ngozi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kusankha kosayenera kwa zinthu.
2. Samalani njira yolumikizira payipi panthawi yoyika
Popeza mapaipi opanda zitsulo alibe ma welds, kukhulupirika kwawo kwapangidwe kumakhala bwino, koma njira yolumikizira iyenera kukhala yololera pakuyika. Njira zolumikizira wamba zimaphatikizapo kulumikizana kwa flange, kulumikizana kwa ulusi ndi kuwotcherera. Pazovuta kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, kuwotcherera kuyenera kusamala kwambiri, ndipo mtundu wa weld umakhudza mwachindunji moyo wautumiki wa payipi. Choncho, panthawi yomanga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti akatswiri azigwira ntchito kuti atsimikizire kuti kuwotcherera ndi yunifolomu, popanda pores ndi ming'alu.
3. Kuyendera ndi kukonza nthawi zonse
Ngakhale mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika ali ndi kukana kwambiri kwa dzimbiri komanso kulimba, amafunikabe kuyang'aniridwa ndikusungidwa nthawi zonse pakagwiritsidwe ntchito, makamaka pakupanikizika kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri kapena malo owononga kwambiri. Mipope imagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali komanso kukokoloka kwapakati, ndipo ming'alu yaying'ono kapena dzimbiri zitha kuwoneka. Kuyesa pafupipafupi kwa akupanga, kuyezetsa kukakamiza komanso kuyesa kwa dzimbiri kungathandize kuzindikira zoopsa zobisika munthawi yake ndikupewa ngozi zazikulu.
4. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mochulukira
Mipope yachitsulo yosasunthika imakhala ndi mphamvu yonyamula mphamvu komanso kutentha kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito, miyezo ndi malamulo oyenera ayenera kutsatiridwa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito mochulukira. Kuponderezana kwakukulu ndi kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti chitoliro chiwonongeke, kuchepetsa mphamvu, ngakhale kuphulika kapena kutayikira. Choncho, ogwira ntchito ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuthamanga kwa ntchito ndi kutentha kwa mapaipi kuti atsimikizire kuti akuyenda motetezeka.
5. Pewani kuwonongeka kwa makina akunja
Panthawi yoyendetsa, kuyendetsa ndi kuyika, mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika amatha kukhudzidwa ndi kukhudzidwa kwakunja ndi kukangana, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba komanso kukhudza mphamvu zawo zonse. Choncho, pogwira ndi kusunga, njira zotetezera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti musagwirizane ndi zinthu zakuthwa, ndipo musakokere chitoliro chachitsulo mwakufuna kwanu, makamaka pamene khoma la chitoliro ndilochepa.
6. Pewani pakati kuti zisakule kapena kutsekeka
Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, sing'anga mu payipi imatha kuyikapo kuti ipange sikelo, makamaka potumiza madzi, nthunzi kapena zowulutsa zina zomwe zimakonda kukulitsa. Kukulitsa khoma lamkati la payipi kumawonjezera kukana kwapakati kwa payipi, kuchepetsa mphamvu yotumizira, ngakhalenso kuyambitsa kutsekeka. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera mankhwala kuti achepetse ngati kuli kofunikira.