Chiyambi: Mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakampani azowotchera, zomwe zimapereka kutentha kwakukulu komanso njira zosagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa amagwirizana ndi miyezo yolimba yokhazikitsidwa ndi ASTM A335, yokhala ndi magiredi mongaP5, P9, ndi P11, kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito zowotchera zikuyenda bwino, kulimba, komanso kudalirika kwa ntchito zowotchera.

Miyezo ya ASTM A335: ASTM A335 ndi ndondomeko yomwe imakwirira chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika cha ferritic alloy-steel pa ntchito yotentha kwambiri. Imazindikirika komanso kuvomerezedwa m'makampani azowotchera chifukwa chazovuta zamakina, kapangidwe kake, ndi njira zoyesera. Miyezo iyi ndiyofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti zabwino ndi chitetezo cha mapaipi azitsulo a alloy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchitochowotchera chokwera kwambiri komanso chotentha kwambirimachitidwe.

Zida ndi Maphunziro: Mapaipi achitsulo a alloy amapezeka m'makalasi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo P5, P9, ndi P11, iliyonse yopangidwa kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira za kutentha ndi kupanikizika. P5 imapereka kukana kwabwino kwa dzimbiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi komanso kutentha kwambiri. P9 imadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapadera komanso kulimba mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa malo otenthetsera moto. P11 imadzitamandira yowonjezereka kwamphamvu komanso kukana kutentha, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.

Ubwino: Mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika ali ndi maubwino angapo omwe amawapangitsa kukhala okondedwa pamakampani azowotchera. Choyamba, kumanga kwawo kosasunthika kumathetsa chiopsezo cha kutayikira, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yowotchera yotetezeka komanso yothandiza. Zinthu zophatikizika m'mapaipiwa zimakulitsa kukana kwawo kwa okosijeni ndi makulitsidwe, kusunga umphumphu wawo ngakhale zitavuta kwambiri. The mipope 'kukhoza kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kutentha kusinthasintha popanda deformation kapena kulephera kumathandiza kuti moyo wawo wautali utumiki ndi otsika zofunika kukonza.

Ntchito: Mipope yachitsulo ya aloyi yopanda msoko, msonkhanoMiyezo ya ASTM A335, pezani kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofala pama boilers osiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mafakitale opangira magetsi, komwe amagwira ntchito ngati zida zofunika kwambiri zopangira ma superheaters, reheaters, ndi makoma amadzi. Makampani amafuta ndi gasi amadaliranso mapaipi awa a mapaipi a nthunzi ndi magawo opangira kutentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale oyeretsera komanso m'mafakitale a petrochemical pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kutentha komanso kukana kupanikizika.

Kutsiliza: Pomaliza, opanda aloyi zitsulo mapaipi zogwirizana ndiMiyezo ya ASTM A335ndi magiredi P5, P9, ndi P11 amapereka mayankho ofunikira pamakampani azowotchera. Ndi katundu wawo wapadera, mapaipiwa amaonetsetsa kuti ntchito zowotchera zotetezeka komanso zodalirika, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chokonda kwambiri kutentha komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo kwakukulu m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kumatsimikizira kudalirika kwawo, kulimba, ndi kuthekera kwawo kupirira zinthu zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la machitidwe amakono a boilers.