Chitoliro chosasunthika API5L GRB ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumafuta, gasi ndi mafakitale ena. "API5L" yake ndi muyezo wopangidwa ndi American Petroleum Institute, ndipo "GRB" ikuwonetsa giredi ndi mtundu wazinthu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanikiza mapaipi. Ubwino wa mipope yachitsulo chosasunthika ili muzinthu zawo zamakina abwino kwambiri komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri, ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika m'malo ovuta komanso kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.

Zigawo zazikulu zamakina a API5L GRB mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika akuphatikizapo mpweya, manganese, sulfure, phosphorous, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ali ndi weldability wabwino ndi pulasitiki pambuyo pa ndondomeko ya kutentha kwambiri. Chitoliro chachitsulo chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zamadzimadzi ndi mpweya, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuyendetsa minda yamafuta ndi gasi, kuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Chithunzi cha ASTM A53, Chithunzi cha ASTM A106ndiAPI 5Lndi atatu wamba zitsulo chitoliro miyezo wamba, aliyense oyenera zochitika zosiyanasiyana ntchito.

Muyezo wa ASTM A53 umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magawo monga mphamvu, zomangamanga ndi petrochemicals. Chitoliro chachitsulo cha muyezo uwu ndi choyenera kupanikizika kochepa komanso malo otsika kutentha, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula madzi, gasi ndi madzi ena. Lili ndi mphamvu zabwino ndi weldability, ndipo ndi oyenera kupanga mapaipi osiyanasiyana ndi mbali structural.

Muyezo wa ASTM A106 umayang'ana kwambiri kutentha kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwambiri ndipo ndioyenera makampani amafuta ndi gasi. Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko ya muyezo uwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka potengera nthunzi, madzi otentha ndi mafuta. Amatha kukhalabe ndi makina abwino pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti atsimikizire chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa payipi.

Muyezo wa API 5L wapangidwira makampani amafuta ndi gasi ndipo ndiwoyenera mapaipi opatsirana kwambiri. Mipope yachitsulo yosasunthika yomwe imakwaniritsa mulingo uwu imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kupanikizika, kuonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito motetezeka pansi pazovuta kwambiri. Mapaipi a API 5L amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri potengera ndi kunyamula mafuta ndi gasi kuti awonetsetse kuyenda bwino kwamadzi.

Miyezo itatu iyi ya mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika ali ndi mawonekedwe awoawo, omwe amaphatikiza zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito kuchokera kupsinjika pang'ono kupita ku kuthamanga kwambiri, kuchokera kutentha pang'ono mpaka kutentha kwambiri, kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, ndikupereka zitsimikizo zachitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito.