20G: Ndi nambala yachitsulo yolembedwa ya GB5310-95 (zofanana zamitundu yakunja: st45.8 ku Germany, STB42 ku Japan, ndi SA106B ku United States). Ndilo chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira mapaipi achitsulo chowotchera. Kapangidwe kakemidwe ndi makina amakina ali ofanana ndi a mbale 20 zachitsulo. Chitsulocho chimakhala ndi mphamvu zina pa kutentha kwabwino komanso kutentha kwapakati komanso kutentha kwambiri, kutsika kwa carbon, pulasitiki yabwino komanso kulimba, komanso kuzizira komanso kutentha kupanga ndi kuwotcherera katundu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zopangira zopangira zopopera zopopera kwambiri komanso zapamwamba kwambiri, zotenthetsera, zotenthetsera, zopangira chuma ndi makoma amadzi m'gawo lotsika kutentha; monga mapaipi ang'onoang'ono otenthetsera pamwamba ndi kutentha kwa khoma la ≤500 ℃, ndi makoma a madzi Mapaipi, mapaipi a economizer, ndi zina zotero, mapaipi akuluakulu a mapaipi a nthunzi ndi mitu (economizer, khoma lamadzi, chotenthetsera chotsika kwambiri ndi reheater mutu) ndi kutentha khoma ≤450 ℃, ndi mapaipi ndi sing'anga kutentha ≤450 ℃ Chalk etc. carbon steel adzakhala graphitized ngati opareshoni kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa 450 ° C, kwa nthawi yaitali pazipita kutentha kutentha pamwamba Kutentha chubu bwino malire pansi 450 ° C. Pa kutentha kumeneku, mphamvu yachitsulo imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za superheaters ndi mapaipi a nthunzi, ndipo imakhala ndi kukana kwa okosijeni, kulimba kwa pulasitiki, ntchito yowotcherera ndi zinthu zina zotentha ndi zozizira, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ng'anjo yaku Iran (kutanthauza gawo limodzi) ndi chitoliro choyambitsa zimbudzi (kuchuluka kwake ndi matani 28), chitoliro choyambira chamadzi a nthunzi (matani 20), chitoliro cholumikizira nthunzi (matani 26), ndi mutu wa economizer. (8 matani). ), madzi otenthetsera kutentha (matani 5), otsalawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo chathyathyathya ndi zipangizo za boom (pafupifupi matani 86).

SA-210C (25MnG): Ndi kalasi yachitsulo mu ASME SA-210 muyezo. Ndi chubu cha kaboni-manganese chachitsulo chaching'ono cha m'mimba mwake cha ma boilers ndi ma superheaters, ndipo ndi chitsulo champhamvu cha pearlite kutentha. China idauyika ku GB5310 mu 1995 ndikuutcha 25MnG. Mapangidwe ake amankhwala ndi osavuta kupatula kuchuluka kwa kaboni ndi manganese, ena onse ndi ofanana ndi 20G, kotero mphamvu zake zokolola zimakhala pafupifupi 20% kuposa 20G, ndipo pulasitiki yake ndi kulimba kwake ndizofanana ndi 20G. Chitsulocho chimakhala ndi njira yosavuta yopangira komanso yabwino yozizira komanso yotentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo mwa 20G kumatha kuchepetsa makulidwe a khoma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, Pakalipano kuwongolera kutentha kwa boiler. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwake ndi kutentha kwa ntchito ndizofanana ndi 20G, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakhoma lamadzi, economizer, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi zigawo zina zomwe kutentha kwake kumatsika kuposa 500 ℃.

SA-106C: Ndi kalasi yachitsulo muyeso ya ASME SA-106. Ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha carbon-manganese cha boilers zazikulu komanso zotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri. Mapangidwe ake a mankhwala ndi ophweka komanso ofanana ndi 20G carbon steel, koma carbon ndi manganese zimakhala zapamwamba, choncho mphamvu zake zokolola zimakhala pafupifupi 12% kuposa za 20G, ndipo pulasitiki yake ndi kulimba kwake sizoipa. Chitsulocho chimakhala ndi njira yosavuta yopangira komanso yabwino yozizira komanso yotentha. Kuigwiritsa ntchito m'malo mwa mitu ya 20G (economizer, khoma lamadzi, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi mutu wa reheater) kungachepetse makulidwe a khoma ndi pafupifupi 10%, zomwe zingapulumutse ndalama zakuthupi, kuchepetsa ntchito yowotcherera, ndikuwongolera mitu Kusiyanitsa kwapakatikati poyambira. .

15Mo3 (15MoG): Ndi chitoliro chachitsulo mu muyezo wa DIN17175. Ndi chubu chaching'ono cha kaboni-molybdenum chitsulo chotenthetsera chotenthetsera, Pakalipano ndi chitsulo champhamvu cha pearlitic kutentha. China idauyika ku GB5310 mu 1995 ndikuutcha 15MoG. Mankhwala ake ndi osavuta, koma ali ndi molybdenum, kotero pokhalabe ndi ntchito yofanana ndi carbon steel, mphamvu yake yotentha imakhala yabwino kuposa carbon steel. Chifukwa chakuchita bwino komanso kutsika mtengo, idalandiridwa kwambiri ndi mayiko padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, chitsulocho chimakhala ndi chizolowezi cha graphitization pakugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pa kutentha kwakukulu, kotero kutentha kwake kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pa 510 ℃, ndipo kuchuluka kwa Al anawonjezera pa smelting kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti athe kuwongolera ndi kuchedwetsa ndondomeko ya graphitization. Chitoliro chachitsulo ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazigawo zotentha kwambiri komanso zotenthetsera kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwa khoma kumakhala pansi pa 510 ℃. Mankhwala ake ndi C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; wamba mphamvu yamoto mlingo σs≥270-285, σb≥450- 600 MPa; Pulasitiki δ≥22.

SA-209T1a (20MoG): Ndi kalasi yachitsulo mu ASME SA-209 muyezo. Ndi chubu chaching'ono chachitsulo cha carbon-molybdenum chopangira ma boilers ndi ma superheaters, ndipo ndi pearlite chitsulo cholimbitsa kutentha. China idauyika ku GB5310 mu 1995 ndikuutcha 20MoG. Mankhwala ake ndi osavuta, koma ali ndi molybdenum, kotero pokhalabe ndi ntchito yofanana ndi carbon steel, mphamvu yake yotentha imakhala yabwino kuposa carbon steel. Komabe, chitsulocho chimakhala ndi chizolowezi cha graphitize pakugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pa kutentha kwakukulu, chifukwa chake kutentha kwake kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pa 510 ℃ ndikupewa kutentha kwambiri. Pakusungunula, kuchuluka kwa Al kuwonjezeredwa kuyenera kukhala kocheperako kuwongolera ndikuchedwetsa njira ya graphitization. Chitoliro chachitsulo ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazigawo monga makoma oziziritsidwa ndi madzi, zotenthetsera ndi zotenthetsera, ndipo kutentha kwa khoma kumakhala pansi pa 510 ℃. Mankhwala ake ndi C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; mulingo wamphamvu wokhazikika σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; pulasitiki δ≥30.

15CrMoG: ndi GB5310-95 zitsulo zachitsulo (zogwirizana ndi 1Cr-1 / 2Mo ndi 11 / 4Cr-1 / 2Mo-Si zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi). Zomwe zili mu chromium ndizokwera kuposa zitsulo za 12CrMo, choncho zimakhala ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri. Kutentha kukapitilira 550 ℃, mphamvu yake yotentha imachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pa 500-550 ℃, graphitization sidzachitika, koma carbide spheroidization ndi kugawanso zinthu za alloying zidzachitika, zomwe zimatsogolera kutentha kwachitsulo. Mphamvu imachepetsedwa, ndipo chitsulo chimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kupumula pa 450 ° C. Ntchito yake yopanga mapaipi ndi kuwotcherera ndi yabwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mipope ya nthunzi yapamwamba komanso yapakatikati yokhala ndi magawo a nthunzi pansi pa 550 ℃, machubu otenthetsera okhala ndi kutentha kwa chubu pansi pa 560 ℃, etc. 0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; mlingo wa mphamvu σs≥ mu chikhalidwe chachilendo 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Pulasitiki δ≥21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) ndi ASME SA213 (SA335) zipangizo muyezo, amene zalembedwa mu China GB5310-95. Mu mndandanda wazitsulo za Cr-Mo, mphamvu yake yotentha imakhala yokwera kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yake yopirira ndi kupanikizika kovomerezeka pa kutentha komweko ndipamwamba kuposa 9Cr-1Mo chitsulo. Choncho, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mphamvu zakunja zakunja, mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zotengera zokakamiza. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Koma chuma chake chaukadaulo sichili bwino ngati 12Cr1MoV yadziko langa, chifukwa chake sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga boiler yamagetsi yamagetsi. Zimangotengedwa ngati wogwiritsa ntchito apempha (makamaka akapangidwa ndikupangidwa molingana ndi ASME). Chitsulo sichimakhudzidwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha, chimakhala ndi pulasitiki yolimba kwambiri komanso ntchito yabwino yowotcherera. Machubu ang'onoang'ono a T22 amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati machubu otenthetsera otenthetsera ma superheaters ndi ma reheaters omwe kutentha kwa khoma lachitsulo kumakhala pansi pa 580 ℃, pomwe machubu a P22 akulu-diameter amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polumikizirana ma superheater / reheater omwe kutentha kwawo kwachitsulo sikudutsa 565 ℃. Bokosi ndi chitoliro chachikulu cha nthunzi. Mankhwala ake ndi C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; mlingo wa mphamvu σs≥280, σb≥ pansi pa kutentha kwabwino 450-600 MPa; Pulasitiki δ≥20.

12Cr1MoVG: Ndi chitsulo cha GB5310-95, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zothamanga kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso mawotchi otenthetsera magetsi, mitu ndi mapaipi akuluakulu a nthunzi. Zomwe zimapangidwira komanso makina amakina ndizofanana ndi za pepala la 12Cr1MoV. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kophweka, zonse zomwe zili ndi alloy ndi zosakwana 2%, ndipo ndi chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, low-alloy pearlite chotentha champhamvu. Pakati pawo, vanadium imatha kupanga VC yokhazikika ya carbide yokhala ndi kaboni, yomwe imatha kupanga chromium ndi molybdenum muzitsulo kukhalapo mwabwino mu ferrite, ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa chromium ndi molybdenum kuchokera ku ferrite kupita ku carbide, kupanga chitsulocho. khola pa kutentha kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa alloying zinthu mu chitsulo ichi ndi theka chabe la 2.25Cr-1Mo zitsulo ntchito kwambiri kunja, koma chipiriro mphamvu pa 580 ℃ ndi 100,000 h ndi 40% apamwamba kuposa otsiriza; ndipo kupanga kwake ndikosavuta, ndipo ntchito yake yowotcherera ndiyabwino. Malingana ngati njira yochizira kutentha imakhala yolimba, ntchito yokhutiritsa komanso mphamvu zotentha zimatha kupezeka. Kugwira ntchito kwenikweni kwa malo opangira magetsi kukuwonetsa kuti payipi yayikulu ya 12Cr1MoV ikhoza kupitiliza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa maola 100,000 akugwira ntchito bwino pa 540 ° C. Mapaipi akulu akulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitu ndi mapaipi akuluakulu a nthunzi okhala ndi magawo a nthunzi pansi pa 565 ℃, ndipo mapaipi ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera mapaipi apamtunda okhala ndi kutentha kwachitsulo pansi pa 580 ℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Ndi kalasi yachitsulo mu GB5310-95. Ndi chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, low-alloy (chochepa chambiri) bainite yamphamvu yotentha yopangidwa ndi dziko langa m'ma 1960. Idaphatikizidwa mu Unduna wa Metallurgy Standard YB529 kuyambira 1970s -70 komanso mulingo wapano wadziko. Kumapeto kwa 1980, zitsulozo zidapereka mgwirizano wa Unduna wa Metallurgy, Unduna wa Makina ndi Mphamvu Zamagetsi. Chitsulocho chimakhala ndi makina abwino ophatikizana, ndipo mphamvu yake yotentha ndi kutentha kwautumiki kumaposa zitsulo zakunja zofanana, kufika pamlingo wazitsulo za chromium-nickel austenitic pa 620 ℃. Izi zili choncho chifukwa pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zomwe zili muzitsulo, ndi zinthu monga Cr, Si, ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni asagwirizane nawo amawonjezeredwa, kotero kuti kutentha kwakukulu kwa utumiki kumatha kufika 620 ° C. Kugwira ntchito kwenikweni kwa malo opangira magetsi kunasonyeza kuti bungwe ndi ntchito ya chitoliro chachitsulo sichinasinthe kwambiri pambuyo pogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chubu chapamwamba chotenthetsera ndi chubu chotenthetsera chapamwamba kwambiri chowotchera ndi kutentha kwachitsulo ≤620 ℃. Mankhwala ake ndi C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0. 08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; mlingo wa mphamvu σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa mu mkhalidwe wabwino wotentha; pulasitiki δ≥18.

SA-213T91 (335P91): Ndi kalasi yachitsulo mu ASME SA-213 (335) muyezo. Ndizinthu zopangira magawo amphamvu anyukiliya (omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'malo ena) opangidwa ndi Rubber Ridge National Laboratory yaku United States. Chitsulocho chimachokera ku chitsulo cha T9 (9Cr-1Mo), ndipo chimakhala ndi malire apamwamba ndi apansi a carbon content. , Ngakhale kulamulira mosamalitsa zomwe zili muzinthu zotsalira monga P ndi S, chiwerengero cha 0.030-0.070% cha N, chiwerengero cha zinthu zolimba za carbide za 0.18-0.25% za V ndi 0.06-0.10% za Nb zimawonjezeredwa kwaniritsani kukonzanso Mtundu watsopano wazitsulo za ferritic zosagwira kutentha kwazitsulo zimapangidwa ndi zofunikira zambewu; ndi ASME SA-213 otchulidwa zitsulo kalasi, ndipo China kuziika zitsulo mu muyezo GB5310 mu 1995, ndipo kalasi anaika 10Cr9Mo1VNb; ndipo muyezo wapadziko lonse wa ISO/ DIS9329-2 walembedwa kuti X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chromium (9%), kukana kwake kwa okosijeni, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kulimba kwa kutentha kwambiri komanso zizolowezi zosapanga graphitization ndizabwino kuposa zitsulo zotsika. The element molybdenum (1%) imathandizira kwambiri kutentha kwamphamvu ndikuletsa chitsulo cha chromium. Hot brittleness chizolowezi; Poyerekeza ndi T9, izo zakhala zikuyenda bwino pakuwotcherera komanso kutopa kwamafuta, kulimba kwake pa 600 ° C ndi kuwirikiza katatu komaliza, ndikusunga kukana kwambiri kutentha kwa dzimbiri kwa T9 (9Cr-1Mo) chitsulo; Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zimakhala ndi coefficient yaing'ono yowonjezera, kuyendetsa bwino kwa matenthedwe, ndi kupirira kwapamwamba (mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi TP304 austenitic chitsulo, dikirani mpaka kutentha kwamphamvu ndi 625 ° C, ndi kutentha kofanana ndi 607 ° C) . Chifukwa chake, ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino amakina, mawonekedwe okhazikika komanso magwiridwe antchito asanayambe komanso atatha kukalamba, ntchito yabwino yowotcherera ndi magwiridwe antchito, kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kwa okosijeni. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira ma superheaters ndi reheaters ndi kutentha kwachitsulo ≤650 ℃ m'ma boilers. Mankhwala ake ndi C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤ 0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; mlingo wa mphamvu σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa mu mkhalidwe wabwino wotentha; pulasitiki δ≥20.