Chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe m'mimba mwake mwake ndi makulidwe a khoma ndi osakwana 20 amatchedwa chitoliro chachitsulo chokhuthala.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mapaipi obowola amafuta amafuta, mapaipi osweka amakampani a petrochemical, mapaipi otenthetsera, mapaipi onyamula ndi mapaipi olondola kwambiri agalimoto, mathirakitala, ndi ndege.

Kupanga ndondomeko ya zitsulo zopanda msoko

1. Kugudubuza kotentha (chitoliro chachitsulo chosakanizidwa chotuluka): chozungulira chubu billet → kutenthetsa → kuboola → kugudubuza mipukutu itatu, kugudubuza mosalekeza kapena kutulutsa → kuchotsa chitoliro → kukula (kapena kuchepetsa) → kuziziritsa → Kuwongola → kuyesa kwa hydraulic (kapena kuzindikira zolakwika) → kuyika chizindikiro → malo osungira.

Zopangira zopangira mipope yopanda msoko ndi billet yozungulira, Mapaipi ozungulira amadulidwa ndi makina odulira mu billet kutalika pafupifupi 1 mita ndikutumizidwa kung'anjo kukawotcha kudzera pa lamba wotumizira. Billet imadyetsedwa mu ng'anjo ndikutenthedwa kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 1200 Celsius. Mafutawa ndi hydrogen kapena acetylene. Kuwongolera kutentha mu ng'anjo ndi nkhani yaikulu. Chubu chozungulira chikatuluka mu ng'anjo, chiyenera kuboola ndi makina okhomerera. Nthawi zambiri, makina oboola omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi makina oboola a tapered. Makina oboola amtundu uwu ali ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, mtundu wabwino wazinthu, kukulitsa kwakukulu koboola m'mimba mwake, ndipo amatha kuvala mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo. Pambuyo kuboola, chubu chozungulira chimapindika motsatizana, ndikugudubuza mosalekeza kapena kutulutsa mipukutu itatu. Mukafinya, chotsani chubu ndikuwongolera. Makina ojambulira amazungulira mwachangu kwambiri pobowola pobowola kuti kubowola mabowo muzitsulo zopanda kanthu kuti apange chitoliro chachitsulo. M'mimba mwake mkati mwa chitoliro chachitsulo chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwa m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa kubowola kwa makina opangira. Chitoliro chachitsulo chikakula, chimalowa munsanja yozizirira ndipo chimakhazikika ndi kupopera madzi. Chitoliro chachitsulo chikakhazikika, chidzawongoledwa. Pambuyo kuwongola, chitoliro chachitsulo chimatumizidwa ku chowunikira chachitsulo (kapena kuyesa kwa hydraulic) ndi lamba wotumizira kuti azindikire zolakwika zamkati. Ngati pali ming'alu, thovu, etc. mkati zitsulo chitoliro, izo wapezeka. Pambuyo pakuwunika kwabwino kwa mapaipi achitsulo, kusankha kozama kwamanja kumafunika. Pambuyo poyang'ana khalidwe la chitoliro chachitsulo, pentani nambala ya siriyo, ndondomeko, nambala ya batch yopanga, etc. ndi utoto. Amakwezedwa m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi crane.

2. Chitoliro chozizira chokoka (chogudubuzika) chosasunthika chachitsulo: chubu chozungulira → kutenthetsa → kuboola → mutu → kupukuta → kunyamula → kudzola → kudzola mafuta (kuyika kwa mkuwa) → kujambula kozizira kopitilira muyeso (kugudubuza kozizira) → chubu cha billet → chithandizo cha kutentha → kuwongola → madzi Mayeso oponderezedwa (kuzindikira zolakwika) → chongani → malo osungira.

Chitoliro chosasunthika chopanga chitoliro-chitoliro chotentha, chitoliro chozizira, chitoliro chozizira, chitoliro chotuluka, chitoliro cha chitoliro.

1. Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika (GB/T8162-1999) ndi chitoliro chopanda chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhazikika komanso makina.

2. Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko yonyamula madzimadzi (GB/T8163-1999) ndi mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula madzi, mafuta, gasi ndi madzi ena.

3. Mipope yachitsulo yopanda waya yamagetsi otsika ndi apakati (GB3087-1999) amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi otentha kwambiri, mapaipi amadzi otentha opangira ma boilers otsika ndi apakatikati amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mapaipi otenthetsera kwambiri opangira ma boilers, mapaipi akulu amoto, moto wawung'ono. mapaipi ndi njerwa zomangira Zitsulo zapamwamba za carbon structural zitsulo zotentha zotentha komanso zokokedwa ndi kuzizira (zogudubuza) zopanda msoko zamapaipi.

4. Mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika opangira ma boilers othamanga kwambiri (GB5310-1995) ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali za carbon, alloy zitsulo ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapangana ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopangira kutentha pamwamba pa ma boiler amadzi okhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri komanso pamwamba.

5. Mkulu-anzanu zitsulo zosokonekera mipope kwa zipangizo feteleza (GB6479-2000) ndi apamwamba mpweya structural zitsulo ndi aloyi zitsulo aloyi zitsulo mipope oyenera zida mankhwala ndi mapaipi ndi kutentha ntchito -40 ~ 400 ℃ ndi kuthamanga ntchito 10 ~ 30 Ma.

6. Mipope yachitsulo yosasunthika ya kusweka kwa petroleum (GB9948-88) ndi mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika oyenera machubu a ng'anjo, zotenthetsera kutentha ndi mapaipi mumafuta opangira mafuta.

7. Mipope yachitsulo pobowola geological (YB235-70) ndi mapaipi achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola pakati ndi madipatimenti a geological. Atha kugawidwa m'mapaipi obowola, makola obowola, mapaipi apakatikati, mapaipi a casing ndi mapaipi a sedimentation malinga ndi zolinga zawo.

8. Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko pobowola diamondi pachimake (GB3423-82) ndi mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko a mapaipi obowola, ndodo zapakati, ndi ma casings omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola diamondi pachimake.

9. Chitoliro chobowola mafuta (YB528-65) ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chosakanizika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhuthala mkati kapena kunja mbali zonse ziwiri zakubowola mafuta. Mapaipi achitsulo amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: waya ndi opanda waya. Mipope ya mawaya imalumikizidwa ndi mfundo, ndipo mapaipi opanda zingwe amalumikizidwa ndi zida zolumikizira matako.

10. Mpweya wa carbon steel seamless steel mapaipi (GB5213-85) ndi mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika a carbon steel omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina a Class I pressure piping systems, Class II pressure piping systems, boilers ndi superheaters. Kutentha kogwira ntchito kwa khoma la chitsulo chopanda chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sikupitilira 450 ℃, pomwe khoma la aloyi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri limaposa 450 ℃.

11. Machubu achitsulo osasunthika a manja a ekisi yagalimoto (GB3088-82) ndizitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri za carbon structural steel and alloy structural steel hot-sheamless zitsulo machubu opangira manja a ekisi yagalimoto ndi machubu oyendetsa axle.

12. Mapaipi amafuta othamanga kwambiri a injini za dizilo (GB3093-86) ndi mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika omwe amakokedwa ndi kuzizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi amphamvu kwambiri a makina ojambulira injini ya dizilo.

13. Mipope yachitsulo yosakanizidwa yamkati yamkati yama hydraulic ndi pneumatic cylinders (GB8713-88) ndi mapaipi achitsulo okoka kapena ozizira osasunthika okhala ndi ma diameter olondola amkati opanga ma silinda a hydraulic ndi pneumatic.

14. Chitoliro chozizira chozizira kapena chozizira bwino chopanda chitsulo chosasunthika (GB3639-83) ndi chitoliro chozizira chozizira kapena chozizira chosasunthika chopanda chitsulo chokhala ndi mawonekedwe olondola kwambiri komanso kutsirizitsa kwabwino kwapamwamba kwa makina ndi zida za hydraulic. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika bwino popanga zida zamakina kapena zida zama hydraulic kumatha kupulumutsa kwambiri maola amunthu, kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, komanso kuthandizira kukonza zinthu.

15. Structural zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri (GB/T14975-1994) ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choyaka moto chopangidwa ndi mipope yosapanga dzimbiri ndi magawo omangika ndi magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumankhwala, mafuta, nsalu, zamankhwala, chakudya, makina ndi mafakitale ena. (Zowonjezera, zokulitsidwa) komanso zozizira zokoka (zokulungidwa) zopanda msoko.

16. Mipope yachitsulo yosapanga dzimbiri yopanda chitsulo yoyendera madzi (GB/T14976-1994) ndi mapaipi achitsulo otenthetsera (owonjezera, okulitsidwa) ndi ozizira (okulungidwa) opanda zitsulo opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti ayendetse madzimadzi.

17. Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chapadera ndi mawu ofala a mapaipi opanda zitsulo okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kusiyana ndi mapaipi ozungulira. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwa gawo zitsulo chitoliro, akhoza kugawidwa mu ofanana mipanda wapadera woboola pakati zitsulo chitoliro (code D), osagwirizana-mipanda wapadera woboola pakati zitsulo chitoliro (code BD), ndi variable awiri apadera. -chitoliro chopanda chitsulo chosasinthika (code BJ). Mapaipi achitsulo osasinthika apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, zida ndi zida zamakina. Poyerekeza ndi mapaipi ozungulira, mapaipi ooneka ngati apadera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yokulirapo ya inertia ndi gawo modulus, ndipo amakhala ndi kupindika kwakukulu komanso kukana kugwedezeka, komwe kumatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwake ndikusunga chitsulo.

Nthawi zambiri, mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko imapangidwa ndi 10, 20, 30, 35, 45 ndi zitsulo zina zapamwamba kwambiri za kaboni monga 16Mn, 5MnV ndi zitsulo zina zotsika aloyi kapena 40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2, 40MnB ndi ma composites ena. kugudubuza kapena kuzizira. Mapaipi opanda msoko opangidwa ndi chitsulo chochepa cha carbon monga 10 ndi 20 amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamapaipi oyendetsa madzimadzi. Machubu opanda msoko opangidwa ndi chitsulo chapakati cha kaboni monga 45 ndi 40Cr amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamakina, monga mbali zopanikizika zamagalimoto ndi mathirakitala.　Nthawi zambiri, mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mphamvu ndi kuwongolera. Mipope yachitsulo yotentha yotentha imaperekedwa m'malo otentha kapena kutentha; mapaipi azitsulo ozizira ozizira amaperekedwa m'malo otentha. Machubu achitsulo osasunthika a ma boiler otsika komanso apakatikati: omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma boiler osiyanasiyana otsika komanso apakatikati, machubu otentha kwambiri, machubu amadzi otentha, machubu apamakoma amadzi ndi machubu otenthetsera kwambiri opangira ma locomotive, machubu akulu a utsi, machubu ang'onoang'ono a utsi ndi machubu a njerwa. .

　　Gwiritsani ntchito chitoliro chachitsulo chapamwamba cha carbon structural chotenthetsera kapena chozizira (choyimba) chosasokonekera. Zimapangidwa makamaka ndi No. 10 ndi No. 20 zitsulo. Kuphatikiza pakuwonetsetsa kupangidwa kwamankhwala ndi makina, kuyezetsa ma hydraulic, monga crimping, flaring, and flattening, kuyenera kuchitidwa. Zogulitsa zotentha zotentha zimaperekedwa mumtundu wotentha, ndipo zozizira zozizira zimaperekedwa mu kutentha kwa kutentha.

18.GB18248-2000 (Chitoliro chosasunthika chazitsulo zamasilinda a gasi) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma silinda osiyanasiyana a gasi ndi ma hydraulic. Zoyimira zake ndi 37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMo, etc.

Dziwani mapaipi achitsulo abodza komanso otsika

1. Mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mipanda yabodza ndiosavuta kupindika.

2. Mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mipanda yabodza nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maenje pamwamba.

3. Mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mipanda yabodza amakhala ndi zipsera.

4. Pamwamba pa zinthu zabodza ndi zotsika zimakhala zosavuta kusweka.

5. Mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mipanda yabodza ndiosavuta kukanda.

6. Mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mipanda yabodza alibe chitsulo chonyezimira ndipo ndi ofiira owala kapena ofanana ndi chitsulo cha nkhumba.

7. Nthiti zamtanda za mapaipi achitsulo okhuthala okhala ndi mipanda yabodza ndizoonda komanso zotsika, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka zosakhutitsidwa.

8. Chigawo chamtanda cha chitoliro chachitsulo chabodza chokhuthala ndi chozungulira.

10. Chitoliro chachitsulo chabodza chokhala ndi mipanda chili ndi zonyansa zambiri ndipo kachulukidwe kachitsulo ndi kakang'ono kwambiri.

11. M'mimba mwake wa chitoliro chachitsulo chabodza chokhuthala ndi mipanda chimasinthasintha kwambiri.

12. Zizindikiro ndi kusindikiza kwa machubu apamwamba ndi ofanana.

13. Kwa zingwe zazikulu zitatu zokhala ndi mapaipi azitsulo oposa 16, mtunda wa pakati pa zizindikiro ziwirizi ndi wochuluka kuposa IM.

14. Mipiringidzo yotalikirapo yazitsulo zachitsulo zosawoneka bwino nthawi zambiri imakhala yozungulira.

15. Opanga chitoliro chachitsulo chonyezimira-khoma samayendetsa, kotero ma CD ndi otayirira. Mbali yake ndi yozungulira.