Iyo yekupisa kurapwa maitiro esimbi pombi inonyanya kusanganisira anotevera 5 mapoka:

1, kudzima + tembiricha yekupisa (inozivikanwawo sekudzima uye kudziya)

Iyo pombi yesimbi inopisa kusvika kune tembiricha yekudzima, kuitira kuti chimiro chemukati chepombi yesimbi chinoshandurwa kuita austenite, uye yobva yatonhodzwa nekukurumidza kupfuura iyo yakakosha yekudzima kumhanya, kuitira kuti chimiro chemukati chepombi yesimbi chinoshandurwa kuita martensite, uye ipapo. kushatirwa nepamusoro tembiricha, pakupedzisira, simbi pombi chimiro chinoshandurwa kuva yunifomu tempered sopranite.Iyi nzira haigoni kungovandudza simba uye kuoma kwepombi yesimbi, asiwo organically kubatanidza simba, plastiki uye kuoma kwesimbi pombi.

2, normalizing (inozivikanwawo se normalizing)

Mushure mokupisa pombi yesimbi kune normalizing tembiricha, chimiro chemukati chepombi chesimbi chinoshandurwa zvachose kuita austenite chimiro, uye ipapo nzira yekupisa yekupisa inotonhodzwa nemhepo senge medium.After normalizing, akasiyana simbi zvimiro zvinogona kuwanikwa, senge pearlite. , bainite, martensite, kana musanganiswa wavo.Iyi nzira haigone kungonatsa zviyo, kuumbwa kweyunifomu, kubvisa kushushikana, asiwo kunatsiridza kuoma kwepombi yesimbi uye kuita kwayo kwekucheka.

Normalizing + kudzikama

Iyo chubhu yesimbi inopisa kusvika kune normalizing tembiricha, kuitira kuti chimiro chemukati chechubhu chesimbi chishandurwe zvachose kuita austenite chimiro, uye chobva chatonhodzwa mumhepo, uye ipapo kushatirwa.Kuumbwa kwesimbi pombi inoshatirwa ferrite + pearlite, kana ferrite. + bainite, kana tempered bainite, kana tempered martensite, kana tempered sortensite.Iyo nzira inogona kudzikamisa chimiro chemukati chepombi yesimbi uye kuvandudza plastiki yayo nekuoma kwayo.

4, kuwedzera

Ndiyo nzira yekupisa yekupisa iyo iyo chubhu yesimbi inopisa kusvika kune annealing tembiricha uye inochengetwa kwenguva yakati, uye yobva yatonhodzwa kusvika kune imwe tembiricha nechoto.Deredzai kuoma kwepombi yesimbi, kuvandudza plastiki yayo, kufambisa iyo inotevera. kucheka kana kutonhora deformation kugadzirisa; Natsa zviyo, bvisa hurema hwemicrostructure, yunifomu yemukati chimiro uye kuumbwa, kunatsiridza mashandiro epombi yesimbi kana kugadzirira iyo inotevera maitiro; Bvisa kushushikana kwemukati kwesimbi pombi kudzivirira deformation kana kuputika.

5. Solution kurapwa

Iyo chubhu yesimbi inopisa kune tembiricha yekugadziriswa, kuitira kuti carbides uye alloying zvinhu zvizere uye zvakafanana zvakanyungudika mu austenite, uye ipapo chubhu yesimbi inotonhorera nekukurumidza, kuitira kuti kabhoni uye alloying zvinhu zvishaye nguva yekudonha, uye kupisa kurapa kwacho. ye single austenite chimiro inowanikwa.Basa rekuita: yunifomu yemukati chimiro chepombi yesimbi, yunifomu yemhando yepombi yesimbi; Bvisa kuomarara mukugadzirisa kufambisira kunotevera kutonhora deformation kugadzirisa; Dzosera kurwiswa kwekuora kwesimbi isina tsvina.