2021, ramba uchidzamisa shanduko yeindasitiri yekugovera simbi yesimbi munyika yedu, kusimudzira shanduko yakasvibira yakaderera kabhoni indasitiri, uye shanduko huru munyika yeindasitiri mutemo, kuita kutonga kwesimba, kuburitsa, kubvisa simbi dzese dzekutengesa kunze mutero, pasi kumashure kwekuwana kabhoni kaviri, kubata nekuda kuchinja mamiriro ese kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, kuyedza kukunda mutengo wepakutanga wezvinhu zvakaoma, Digestion yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semutengo wekukwira kwakanyanya, kuzadziswa kwe "kuderedza huwandu. uye kuvandudza kunaka” budiriro yemhando yepamusoro, kushanda kwese kweindasitiri kwakadzikama, kuzadzisa kudiwa kwesimbi yeindasitiri uye kuona kuti kuenderera mberi kwehupfumi hwenyika kwabatsira.

1 Kugadzirwa kwepombi yesimbi uye kushandiswa kuri pachena muChina

Zvinoenderana neyakagadzirwa pombi yekugadzira data yakaburitswa neNational Bureau of Statistics uye simbi pombi Bazi zvichibva pane yekugadzira data yemabhizinesi enhengo kufungidzira data rekugadzira pombi yesimbi isina musono, kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2021, iyo yenyika simbi pombi kugadzirwa kwe853.62 miriyoni. matani, pasi 3.66%; Zvinoratidzika kushandiswa kwaive 78,811,600 matani, pasi 4.33% gore negore. Pakati pavo, welded pombi kugadzirwa 58.832 mamiriyoni matani, pasi 3.57% gore negore; Zvinoratidzika kushandiswa kwaive 55.2763 miriyoni matani, pasi 4.07% gore pagore. Iyo inofungidzirwa kugadzirwa kwesimbi isina musono chubhu ndeye 26.80.00 matani emamiriyoni, pasi 3.86% gore pagore; Zvinoratidzika kushandiswa kwaiva 23.5353 mamiriyoni emamiriyoni, uye gore negore kuderera kwe4.93%. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti muna 2021, pombi yesimbi yeChina, pombi yesimbi isina musono, kugadzirwa kwepombi yakashongedzwa uye kushandiswa kuri pachena kwakadzikira gore negore. Kubuda uye kuoneka kushandiswa kwepombi dzesimbi muChina muna 2020-2021 kunoratidzwa muTebhura 1 uye Mufananidzo 1.

Kubva pakuongororwa kwedata data, kushanda kwakatsetseka kweindasitiri yesimbi yeChina muhafu yekutanga ya2021, asi kukura kwekubuda kunoratidzika kudiki, zvichienzaniswa nekukanganiswa nemitengo yesimbi yepasi rose yakakwira zvakanyanya muna Chivabvu, pombi, mitengo yeplate yakakwira zvakanyanya. iyo yakasunda mitengo yesimbi yakakwira zvakanyanya, asi kutenga uku kwakakura kunokanganisa indasitiri yepasi, kuita kuderera kwekuda. Uye zvakare, iyo mamiriro eindasitiri yesimbi kudzikisa crude simbi kugadzirwa zvinodiwa, zvakakanganisawo mamwe mabhizinesi, zvekuti muna 2021, China kugadzirwa kwepombi yesimbi kwaive kumwe kuderera.

2. Steel pombi mitengo muChina

Kubva munaNovember 2020, nekuda kwekukwira kwakanyanya kwemitengo yezvinhu zvakakura zvakadai sesimbi ore, mitengo yebillet uye strip simbi muChina yakawedzera zvakanyanya, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 2-3, pamwe nemitengo yesimbi. mapaipi.

图

Mutengo wepaipi yesimbi isina musono pombi, welded pombi uye galvanized pombi muChina kubva 2020 kusvika 2021 inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4. Pakati pavo, mutengo we φ 219 mm × 10 mm kutsanangurwa kwesimbi isina musono pombi yakakwira nekukurumidza kubva munaNovember 2020, mutengo. yakakwira kubva pa4645 yuan kuenda pa6638 yuan muna Chivabvu 2021 (ndiyo mutengo wepamusoro kubva muna 2008), wakakwira ungangoita 2000 yuan, wakakwira 42.9%; Mushure meChivabvu 2021, mutengo wakadzikira kusvika pa6,160 yuan munaChikunguru, wakadzika kusvika pa500 yuan, ukazokwira kusvika pa6,636 yuan munaGumiguru (wechipiri pakakwirira), ukazodzika kusvika pa5,931 yuan muna Zvita. Mutengo wacho wave uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchingero, mutengo uripo kubva pakutanga kwegore.

Gore ra2021 ndiro gore rakanakisa reChina indasitiri yesimbi kubvira 2008, nemabhenefiti eindasitiri akavandudzwa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, seimwe yezvigadzirwa zvesimbi nesimbi indasitiri, simbi pombi haina kuvandudzwa senge ndiro, bar, waya uye mbiri. Zvikonzero ndezvizvi: kutanga, kunyange zvazvo mutengo wepombi yesimbi wakakwira zvakanyanya, mutengo wepombi yesimbi hauna kukwira kusvika pakakwirira nekuda kwesimba remutengo wakaderera wemafuta uye mutengo wakaderera wekutengesa pombi yemafuta pombi. Mutengo wepaipi isina musono pombi, galvanized sheet, inopisa yakatenderedzwa pepa uye rebar muChina kubva Kubvumbi 2020 kusvika Ndira 2022 inoratidzwa muFigure 5. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mutengo we galvanized sheet muna 2021 wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura wesimbi isina musono. chubhu 300 ~ 750 yuan, uye mutengo wemhando mbiri mune mamwe makore wakakwira uye wakaderera, kazhinji uchichinja-chinja kusvika pa200 yuan. Chechipiri, nekuda kwekukwira kwakanyanya kwemitengo yakasvibirira uye yekubatsira, mutengo wekusiyana pakati pesimbi pombi uye billet unoramba uri pamwero we2020, uye purofiti yezvigadzirwa haina kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. Kunyanya, mabhizinesi ekugadzirwa kwemafuta epombi, akabatwa nemutengo wakaderera wemafuta uye mutengo wakaderera wekubhadharisa pombi yemafuta pombi, manejimendi emabhizinesi akaoma, mabhizinesi mazhinji ari pamucheto wemari shoma kana kurasikirwa, mabhizinesi ega ega achiri kurasikirwa.

Muna 2021, kunyange zvazvo hurumende yakagadzirisa kaviri mutero wekutengesa kunze kwezvigadzirwa zvesimbi, kuitira kuti mutero wekubhadhara mutero udzoke ku0, asi huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwepombi yesimbi haina kuderedzwa asi yakawedzera. Zvikonzero zvikuru ndezvizvi zvinotevera: chekutanga, nekuda kwekukanganisa kweCCIDID-19, mamwe mabhizinesi epombi esimbi ekunze haasati atangazve kugadzira, uye musika wanga uchishomeka kwenguva yakati rebei, uye mitengo yepombi yesimbi yepasi rose yave. yakakwira zvakanyanya (mitengo yezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakakwira kupfuura yepamba); Chechipiri, mabhizinesi ekunze ari kunetsekana nenyika dzinotevera dzekuwedzera mutero wekutengesa kunze kwenyika, saka wedzera, mhanyisa simba rekutengesa kunze kwenyika, huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika mukota yechina hwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Muna Zvita 2021, pombi yesimbi yekuChina yakatengeswa kunze kwenyika yaive 160.44% yeavhareji yemwedzi gumi neimwe yapfuura. Kunyanya, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwesimbi isina musono machubhu muna Zvita yaive 531,000 matani, 203.92 muzana yeavhareji kunze kwenyika ye260,400 matani mumwedzi gumi neimwe yekutanga. Aya maitiro akaenderera mberi muchikamu chekutanga che2022.

3.2 Zvinhu zvikuru zvekutumira kunze

Maererano nedatha yakaburitswa neChina General Administration yeCustoms, China isina musono simbi pombi inotengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2021 3.3952 miriyoni matani, gore negore kukura kwe3.79%. Pakati pavo, kutengeswa kwepombi kusina musono kwaiva 1.2743 miriyoni matani, pasi ne9.60% gore negore; Oiri isina musono tsime chubhu inotumira kunze 906,200 matani, kumusoro 2.81% gore pagore; Seamless boiler chubhu inotumira kunze 151,800 matani, gore-pa-gore kuderera kwe15.22%; Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwepombi yepiipi yakakandwa yaive matani 757,700, zvichidzika ne9.16% gore negore; Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemawelds akakosha-akaumbwa uye masikweya rectangular machubhu aive 1,325,400 matani, akakwira 4.41% gore-pa-gore. Muna 2021, nekuda kwekukanganisa kwedenda repasi rose reCCIDID-19 uye kudzoreredzwa kwemutero wekunze kunze kwenyika, huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwemarudzi matatu makuru eChina epombi isina musono, pombi yeboiler isina musono uye pombi yakasungwa yakadzikira zvakanyanya. Ona Tafura 3 uye Figure 7 yekutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemhando huru dzepombi dzesimbi muChina muna 2020-2021.

3. Kupinza uye kutumira kunze kwepombi dzesimbi muChina

3.1 Kupinza uye kutumira kunze vhoriyamu uye mutengo

Maererano nemashoko akabudiswa neGeneral Administration of Customs, Muna 2021, China yesimbi pombi inotengeswa kunze kwe349,600 matani, pasi 7.21%; Mutengo wepakati wekutengesa waiva $3824 /t, up 12.71% gore negore. Pakati pavo, seamless simbi chubhu inotengeswa kunze kwe130,500 t, pasi 13.80%; Mutengo wepakati wekutengesa waiva $5769 /t, uchikwira 13.32% gore negore. Welded pombi inopinza kunze 219,100 matani, pasi 2.80%; Mutengo wepakati wekutengesa waiva isu $ 2671 / t, kumusoro 18.31% gore negore. Muna 2021, China yakatumira kunze 7.17 mamiriyoni ematani emachubhu esimbi, kusvika 4.19% gore negore; Mutengo wepakati wekutengesa kunze waiva $1542 /t, up 36.5% gore negore. Pakati pavo, seamless simbi chubhu inotengeswa kunze 3.3952 mamiriyoni matani, kusvika 3.79%; Mutengo wepakati wekutengesa kunze waiva $1,508 /t, uchikwira 23.67% gore negore. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwepombi yakashongedzwa yaive 3.7748 miriyoni matani, yakakwira 4.55% gore negore; Avhareji mutengo wekutengesa kunze waive $1573 ​​/t, kumusoro 49.99% gore pagore. Muna 2021, China simbi pombi yokupinza vhoriyamu chete 0.41% simbi pombi kugadzirwa, welded pombi ekisipoti mutengo wakakwira kupfuura musono simbi pombi kekutanga. Ona Tafura 2 uye Mufananidzo 6 wekupinza uye kutumira kunze vhoriyamu uye chikamu cheSimbi pombi muChina muna 2020-2021.

3.3 Nyika Dzekupinza uye Kutumira kunze kwenyika

Muna 2021, nyika gumi dzepamusoro dzekuChina dzekutengesa pombi dzesimbi dzisina musono ndiSouth Korea, India, UNITED Arab Emirates, Algeria, Thailand, Oman, Indonesia, Turkey, Vietnam, Australia, Iwo gumi epamusoro akashongedzwa nesimbi pombi anotengesa kunze ndeye Philippines, Nigeria. Myanmar, Australia, South Korea, Peru, Chile, Indonesia, Singapore neCanada. Nyika dzekuenda kuChina pombi dzesimbi dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika dzakanyanya kunyanya kuSoutheast Asia, Middle East nemamwe matunhu, pakati pawo maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia, Gulf nemamwe matunhu anodarika 40% yezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Ndichiri muEurope, North America, ndeimwe yevanonyanya kutenga simbi, asi kubvira pakaitika dambudziko rezvemari repasi rose muna 2008, dunhu iri rinoramba richitanga kuferefeta kuferefetwa kwepombi yesimbi munyika yedu. chubhu inoita isingasviki 6%, China yakakura kutumira kunze marudzi maviri (oiri pombi pombi, mutsetse wepombi) inenge iri munyika idzi nematunhu. Huwandu hwekutumirwa kunze kwenyika pombi yesimbi yeChina nenyika kana dunhu muna 2020-2021 inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 8.