I-20G: Yinombolo esohlwini yensimbi engu-GB5310-95 (imikhiqizo yangaphandle ehambisanayo: st45.8 eJalimane, i-STB42 e-Japan, kanye ne-SA106B e-United States). Yinsimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi ensimbi okubhayela. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ngokuyisisekelo ziyafana nalezo zamapuleti ensimbi angama-20. Insimbi inamandla athile ekushiseni okuvamile kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo neliphezulu, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, ipulasitiki engcono kanye nokuqina, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle ezibandayo nezishisayo zokwakha kanye nezakhiwo zokushisela. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza ukufakwa kwepayipi le-boiler elinengcindezi ephezulu kanye nepharamitha ephezulu, ama-superheaters, ama-reheaters, i-economizers nezindonga zamanzi engxenyeni yezinga lokushisa eliphansi; njengamapayipi anobubanzi obuncane bokushisisa amapayipi angaphezulu anezinga lokushisa lodonga elingu-≤500℃, nezindonga zamanzi Amapayipi, amapayipi e-economizer, njll., amapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu bamapayipi esitimu namaheda (i-economizer, udonga lwamanzi, isifudumezili esisezingeni eliphansi kanye isihloko se-reheater) esinezinga lokushisa lodonga ≤450℃, namapayipi anezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo ≤450℃ Izesekeli njll. Njengoba insimbi ye-carbon izokwenziwa igraphiti uma isetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphezu kuka-450°C, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenzisa isikhathi eside lokushisisa Ishubhu elingaphezulu lilinganiselwe kakhulu libe ngaphansi kuka-450°C. Kulolu hlu lokushisa, amandla ensimbi angahlangabezana nezidingo zamapayipi amakhulu kanye namapayipi e-steam, futhi anokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation, ukuqina kwepulasitiki, ukusebenza kwe-welding nezinye izakhiwo ezishisayo nezibandayo, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi. Insimbi esetshenziswa esithandweni sase-Iranian (okubhekiselwa kuyunithi eyodwa) yipayipi lokwethula indle (inani lingamathani angama-28), ipayipi lesethulo samanzi esitimu (amathani angama-20), ipayipi lokuxhuma umusi (amathani angama-26), kanye nesihloko se-economizer. (8 amathani). ), uhlelo lwamanzi ashisayo (amathani angu-5), amanye asetshenziswa njengensimbi eyisicaba nezinto ezisetshenziswayo (cishe amathani angu-86).

I-SA-210C (25MnG): Yizinga lensimbi elisezingeni le-ASME SA-210. Iyishubhu yensimbi ye-carbon-manganese enobubanzi obuncane yama-boilers nama-superheaters, futhi iyinsimbi enamandla okushisa e-pearlite. I-China yayitshala ku-GB5310 ngo-1995 futhi yaqamba ngokuthi i-25MnG. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kulula ngaphandle kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni ne-manganese, okunye kufana ne-20G, ngakho amandla ayo okukhiqiza acishe abe ngu-20% ngaphezu kwe-20G, futhi ipulasitiki nokuqina kwayo kulingana ne-20G. Insimbi inenqubo yokukhiqiza elula kanye nokusebenza okuhle okubandayo nokushisayo. Ukuyisebenzisa esikhundleni se-20G kunganciphisa ukushuba kodonga nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, Okwamanje thuthukisa ukudluliswa kokushisa kwebhayela. Ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nezinga lokushisa elisetshenziswayo ngokuyisisekelo liyafana ne-20G, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa udonga lwamanzi, i-economizer, i-superheater ephansi yezinga lokushisa eliphansi nezinye izingxenye izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lingaphansi kuka-500 ℃.

I-SA-106C: Yizinga lensimbi elisezingeni le-ASME SA-106. Ipayipi lensimbi le-carbon-manganese lama-boilers amakhulu kanye nama-superheaters okushisa okuphezulu. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kulula futhi kufana ne-20G carbon steel, kodwa okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni ne-manganese kuphakeme, ngakho amandla ayo okukhiqiza acishe abe ngu-12% ephakeme kunaleyo ye-20G, futhi ipulasitiki nokuqina kwayo akukubi. Insimbi inenqubo yokukhiqiza elula kanye nokusebenza okuhle okubandayo nokushisayo. Ukuyisebenzisa esikhundleni sezihloko ze-20G (i-economizer, udonga lwamanzi, i-high-temperature superheater kanye nesihloko sokushisa kabusha) kunganciphisa ukushuba kodonga cishe ngo-10%, okungasindisa izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukunciphisa umthwalo wokushisela, nokuthuthukisa izihloko Umehluko wokucindezeleka ekuqaleni .

I-15Mo3 (15MoG): Ipayipi lensimbi elisezingeni le-DIN17175. Iyishubhu yensimbi enobubanzi obuncane be-carbon-molybdenum ye-boiler superheater, Okwamanje iyinsimbi enamandla okushisa e-pearlitic. I-China yayitshala ku-GB5310 ngo-1995 futhi yaqamba ngokuthi i-15MoG. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kulula, kodwa kuqukethe i-molybdenum, ngakho-ke ngenkathi igcina ukusebenza kwenqubo efanayo njenge-carbon steel, amandla ayo ashisayo angcono kune-carbon steel. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kanye nenani eliphansi, iye yamukelwa kabanzi ngamazwe emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, insimbi inokuthambekela kwe-graphitization ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele lilawulwe ngaphansi kuka-510 ℃, futhi inani le-Al elingeziwe ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kufanele likhawulelwe ukulawula nokubambezeleka kwenqubo ye-graphitization. Leli payipi lensimbi lisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ama-superheaters anezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nezifudumezi zezinga lokushisa eliphansi, futhi izinga lokushisa lodonga lingaphansi kuka-510 ℃. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali yi-C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; izinga elivamile lamandla omlilo σs≥270-285, σb≥450- 600 MPa; Ipulasitiki δ≥22.

I-SA-209T1a (20MoG): Yizinga lensimbi elisezingeni le-ASME SA-209. Iyishubhu yensimbi enobubanzi obuncane be-carbon-molybdenum yama-boilers nama-superheaters, futhi iyinsimbi ye-pearlite enamandla okushisa. I-China yayitshala ku-GB5310 ngo-1995 futhi yaqamba ngokuthi i-20MoG. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kulula, kodwa kuqukethe i-molybdenum, ngakho-ke ngenkathi igcina ukusebenza kwenqubo efanayo njenge-carbon steel, amandla ayo ashisayo angcono kune-carbon steel. Kodwa-ke, insimbi inomkhuba wokwenza i-graphitize ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa layo lokusetshenziswa kufanele lilawulwe ngaphansi kuka-510 ℃ futhi livimbele izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, inani le-Al elingeziwe kufanele likhawulelwe ukuze lilawule futhi libambezele inqubo ye-graphitization. Leli payipi lensimbi lisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezifana nezindonga ezipholiswe ngamanzi, ama-superheaters nama-reheaters, futhi izinga lokushisa lodonga lingaphansi kuka-510 ℃. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali yi-C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; izinga lamandla elijwayelekile σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; ipulasitiki δ≥30.

I-15CrMoG: iyizinga lensimbi le-GB5310-95 (elihambisana ne-1Cr-1/2Mo kanye ne-11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si steels esetshenziswa kabanzi emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele). Okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-chromium kungaphezulu kwalokho kwensimbi engu-12CrMo, ngakho inamandla Aphezulu okushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula ku-550 ℃, amandla ayo okushisa ancipha kakhulu. Uma isetshenziswa isikhathi eside ku-500-550 ℃, i-graphitization ngeke yenzeke, kodwa i-carbide spheroidization kanye nokwabiwa kabusha kwezakhi ze-alloying kuzokwenzeka, konke okuholela ekushiseni kwensimbi. Amandla ayancishiswa, futhi insimbi inokumelana okuhle nokuphumula ku-450°C. Ukwenziwa kwamapayipi kanye nenqubo yokushisela kuhle. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengamapayipi omusi nomfutho ophakathi nendawo kanye nezihloko ezinezitimu ezingaphansi kuka-550℃, amashubhu okushisa okuphezulu aneshubhu lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-560℃, njll. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali ngu-C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, Mn0.40- 0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; izinga lamandla σs≥ esimweni esivamile sokufutheka 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Ipulasitiki δ≥21.

I-T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) yizinto ezijwayelekile ze-ASME SA213 (SA335), ezisohlwini lwase-China GB5310-95. Ochungechungeni lwensimbi ye-Cr-Mo, amandla ayo okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, futhi amandla ayo okukhuthazela nokucindezeleka okuvumelekile ezingeni lokushisa elifanayo kuphakeme nakakhulu kunaleyo yensimbi engu-9Cr-1Mo. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa amandla okushisa angaphandle, amandla enuzi kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela. Uhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kodwa umnotho wayo wezobuchwepheshe awumuhle njenge-12Cr1MoV yezwe lami, ngakho-ke awusetshenziswa kancane ekwenziweni kukabhayela wamandla ashisayo wasekhaya. Yamukelwa kuphela uma umsebenzisi eyicela (ikakhulukazi uma yakhelwe futhi yenziwa ngokuya ngemininingwane ye-ASME). Insimbi ayizweli ekwelapheni ukushisa, ine-plasticity ephezulu eqinile kanye nokusebenza okuhle kwe-welding. Amashubhu anobubanzi obuncane be-T22 asetshenziswa kakhulu njengamashubhu angaphezulu okushisisa ama-superheaters nama-reheaters izinga lokushisa lodonga lwensimbi lawo lingaphansi kuka-580 ℃, kuyilapho amashubhu angu-P22 anobubanzi obukhulu asetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko amajoyinti okushisa/ukushisa kabusha lapho izinga lokushisa lodonga lwensimbi lawo lingeqi ku-565 ℃. Ibhokisi kanye nepayipi le-steam eliyinhloko. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali yi-C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; izinga lamandla σs≥280, σb≥ ngaphansi kokushisa okuhle 450-600 MPa; Ipulasitiki δ≥20.

I-12Cr1MoVG: Kuyinsimbi esohlwini lwe-GB5310-95, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kwasekhaya, umfutho ophakeme kakhulu, kanye nama-boiler superheaters wesiteshi samandla angaphansi, izihloko namapayipi amakhulu esitimu. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ngokuyisisekelo ziyafana nalezo zeshidi le-12Cr1MoV. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kulula, ingqikithi ye-alloy ingaphansi kuka-2%, futhi iyinsimbi ephansi enekhabhoni, i-low-alloy pearlite hot-strength steel. Phakathi kwazo, i-vanadium ingakha i-carbide VC ezinzile nge-carbon, engenza i-chromium ne-molybdenum ensimbi ibe khona ngokukhethekile ku-ferrite, futhi inciphise isivinini sokudlulisa i-chromium ne-molybdenum ukusuka ku-ferrite kuya ku-carbide, okwenza insimbi Ingaphezulu. uzinzile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Inani eliphelele lezakhi ze-alloying kule nsimbi liyingxenye yensimbi engu-2.25Cr-1Mo esetshenziswa kabanzi phesheya, kodwa amandla ayo okukhuthazela ku-580 ℃ kanye ne-100,000 h yi-40% ephakeme kunaleyo yokugcina; futhi inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ilula, nokusebenza kwayo kokushisela kuhle. Uma nje inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa iqinile, ukusebenza okugculisayo okuphelele kanye namandla okushisa kungatholakala. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwesiteshi sikagesi kubonisa ukuthi ipayipi lesitimu eliyinhloko le-12Cr1MoV lingaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa ngemva kwamahora angu-100,000 okusebenza okuphephile ku-540°C. Amapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu asetshenziswa kakhulu njengezihloko namapayipi amakhulu esitimu anemingcele engaphansi kuka-565 ℃, kanti amapayipi anobubanzi obuncane asetshenziselwa ukushisisa amapayipi angaphezulu kwebhayili anamazinga okushisa odonga lwensimbi angaphansi kuka-580 ℃.

I-12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Yizinga lensimbi ku-GB5310-95. Kuyinsimbi enekhabhoni ephansi, enengxubevange ephansi (inani elincane lokuphindaphinda) insimbi enamandla ashisayo eyakhiwe futhi yathuthukiswa izwe lami ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Ifakwe ku-Ministry of Metallurgy Standard YB529 kusukela ngeminyaka yo-1970s -70 kanye nezinga likazwelonke lamanje. Ekupheleni kuka-1980, insimbi yaphasisa ukuhlolwa okuhlanganyelwe koMnyango Wezensimbi, uMnyango Wezemishini namandla kagesi. Insimbi inezimfanelo ezinhle ezibanzi zemishini, futhi amandla ayo ashisayo nezinga lokushisa lesevisi lidlula lelo lezinsimbi ezifanayo zangaphandle, lifinyelela izinga lezinsimbi ezithile ze-chromium-nickel austenitic ku-620℃. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezakhi ze-alloying eziqukethwe kunsimbi, futhi izakhi ezifana ne-Cr, Si, njll. ezithuthukisa ukumelana ne-oxidation nazo zengeziwe, ngakho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi lingafinyelela ku-620 ° C. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwesiteshi sikagesi kubonise ukuthi ukuhlelwa nokusebenza kwepayipi lensimbi akuzange kushintshe kakhulu ngemva kokusebenza isikhathi eside. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengeshubhu ye-superheater kanye neshubhu yokushisa kabusha ye-super high parameter boiler enezinga lokushisa lensimbi ≤620℃. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali yi-C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0. 08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; izinga lamandla σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa esimweni esihle sokuthukuthela; ipulasitiki δ≥18.

I-SA-213T91 (335P91): Yizinga lensimbi elisezingeni le-ASME SA-213 (335). Iwumsebenzi wezingxenye zomfutho wezinga lokushisa eliphezulu zamandla enyukliya (futhi asetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo) athuthukiswe yi-Rubber Ridge National Laboratory yase-United States. Insimbi isuselwe kunsimbi ye-T9 (9Cr-1Mo), futhi ikhawulelwe emikhawulweni engaphezulu nephansi yokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni. , Nakuba kulawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kwezinto ezisele ezifana no-P no-S, umkhondo ka-0.030-0.070% we-N, umkhondo wezinto eziqinile ezakha i-carbide engu-0.18-0.25% we-V kanye no-0.06-0.10% we-Nb yengezwe zuza ukucwengwa Uhlobo olusha lwensimbi ye-ferritic ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa lwakhiwe yizidingo zokusanhlamvu; yizinga lensimbi esohlwini lwe-ASME SA-213, futhi i-China yafaka insimbi ezingeni le-GB5310 ngo-1995, futhi leli banga libekwe njenge-10Cr9Mo1VNb; futhi izinga lamazwe ngamazwe ISO/ DIS9329-2 lifakwe kuhlu njenge-X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-chromium (9%), ukumelana kwayo ne-oxidation, ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuthambekela okungeyona i-graphitization kungcono kunezinsimbi eziphansi ze-alloy. I-elementi ye-molybdenum (1%) ithuthukisa amandla okushisa aphezulu futhi ivimbele insimbi ye-chromium. Hot brittleness ukuthambekela; Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-T9, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwe-welding nokusebenza kokukhathala okushisayo, ukuqina kwayo ku-600 ° C kuphindwe kathathu kunalena yakamuva, futhi igcina ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kwe-T9 (9Cr-1Mo) yensimbi; Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, ine-coefficient encane yokunweba, ukuhamba kahle kwe-thermal, namandla aphezulu okubekezela (isibonelo, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-TP304 austenitic steel, linda kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa eliqinile lingu-625 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lokucindezeleka elilinganayo lingu-607 ° C) . Ngakho-ke, inezici ezinhle ezibanzi zemishini, ukwakheka okuzinzile nokusebenza ngaphambi nangemva kokuguga, ukusebenza kahle kwe-welding kanye nokusebenza kwenqubo, ukuqina okuphezulu nokumelana ne-oxidation. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ama-superheaters kanye nama-reheaters anezinga lokushisa lensimbi ≤650℃ kuma-boilers. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali yi-C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤ 0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; izinga lamandla σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa esimweni esihle sokuthukuthela; ipulasitiki δ≥20.