Uhlolojikelele

Sicabanga ukuthi amaklayenti akucabangani, ukuphuthuma kokuphuthuma ukwenza izinto ezithakazelelwa yithiyori yekhasimende, okuvumela ikhwalithi ephezulu, ukuncipha kwezindleko zokucubungula, ububanzi bentengo bunengqondo kakhulu, kuwine abathengi abasha nabaphelelwe yisikhathi ukwesekwa nokuqinisekiswa kwe-API. I-5CT Seamless Steel Casing Pipe, Sizonika abantu amandla ngokukhuluma nokulalela, Ukwenza isibonelo kwabanye nokufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho. Njengefekthri enolwazi futhi samukela i-oda elenziwe ngezifiso futhi silenze lifane nesithombe sakho noma isampula esicacisayo kanye nokupakishwa komklamo wekhasimende. Umgomo oyinhloko wenkampani ukuphila inkumbulo eyanelisayo kuwo wonke amakhasimende, futhi isungule ubudlelwano bebhizinisi besikhathi eside bokunqoba. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, qiniseka ukuthi usithinta. Futhi Kuyinjabulo yethu enkulu uma uthanda ukuba nomhlangano mathupha ehhovisi lethu.

Amapayipi e-petroleum casing amapayipi ensimbi asetshenziselwa ukusekela izindonga zemithombo kawoyela negesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwawo wonke umthombo kawoyela ngemva kokubhola nokuqedwa. Umthombo ngamunye usebenzisa izingqimba eziningana ze-casing ngokusho kokujula okuhlukene kokumba kanye nezimo ze-geological. Usimende usetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa i-casing ngemva kokuba i-casing iphansi. Ihlukile epayipini lokubhoboza futhi ayikwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe. Kuyinto esetshenziswa kanye kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-casing kubala ngaphezu kuka-70% wawo wonke amapayipi omthombo kawoyela.

I-petroleum casing iyipayipi lensimbi elisetshenziselwa ukusekela udonga lwemithombo kawoyela negesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwawo wonke umthombo kawoyela ngemva kwenqubo yokumba nokuqedwa. Umthombo ngamunye usebenzisa izingqimba eziningana ze-casing ngokusho kokujula okuhlukene kokumba kanye nezimo ze-geological. Usimende usetshenziselwa ukufaka usimende emthonjeni ngemva kokwehliswa kwebhokisi. Ihlukile kumashubhu nepayipi lokubhoboza futhi ayikwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe. I-Tubing yinto esetshenziswayo esetshenziswayo. I-Tubing ine-wellhead casing kanye ne-downhole casing.
Ngokwenhloso ye-cementing kanye nomsebenzi we-casing, ama-casings agijima emthonjeni angahlukaniswa abe ama-surface casings, ama-technical casings kanye ne-oyela casings.
(1) Igobolondo elingaphezulu: Igobolondo elingaphandle kakhulu ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa uwoyela negesi. Ngemva kokubhoboza umgodi, bhoboza edwaleni elingaphansi kongqimba lomhlabathi ongaphezulu, noma ubhoboze uze ujule okuthile, bese usebenzisa igobolondo elingaphezulu.
Imisebenzi ye-surface casing yilena elandelayo: ①Hlukanisa i-aquifer ephezulu futhi uvimbele amanzi angaphezulu nangaphezulu kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ukuthi angangeni emthonjeni; ②Vikela umthombo futhi uqinise udonga lomthombo wengxenye yomthombo ongaphezulu komhlabathi; Isivikeli se-blowout sifakwe ku-surface casing ukuvimbela ukuvuthuza. Igebe phakathi kwe-surface casing kanye nodonga lomthombo kufanele livalwe ngosimende, okungukuthi, lapho uqinisa umthombo, udaka lukasimende kufanele lubuyiselwe emthonjeni ukuze luhlukanise ukubunjwa nokuvikela udonga lomthombo.
Ukujula kwe-surface casing okungenani ngamamitha ayi-100.
(2) Ibhokisi lebhokisi lobuchwepheshe: eyaziwa nangokuthi i-intermediate casing. Ikesi elinesendlalelo esisodwa noma ezimbili phakathi nekhava yohlelo lwe-casing. Ukujula komthombo kukhulu, futhi kungahlukanisa i-stratum futhi kuvikele umthombo ukuze ugoqeke kalula, ukuvuza kalula, ukucindezela okukhulu, kanye nokwakheka okuzala usawoti engxenyeni emaphakathi yomthombo.
Ukugijima i-casing yobuchwepheshe kungaqinisekisa ukubhoboza okushelelayo komthombo ophansi; kungaqinisekisa futhi ukuphepha kokumba endaweni yokugcina uwoyela negesi; i-casing yezobuchwepheshe ifakwe ikhanda le-casing kanye ne-four-way blockout blockout ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma.
I-intermediate casing iqhutshwa ngenxa yezidingo zobuchwepheshe zokubhoboza, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi i-technical casing. Ukuphakama kokuxhuma kukasimende phakathi kwebhokisi lebhokisi lobuchwepheshe nodonga lomthombo kufanele okungenani kube amamitha angu-200 ngaphezu kwe-stratum ehlukanisiwe.
(3) I-Oil layer casing: eyaziwa nangokuthi i-production casing. Iwungqimba lokugcina lwe-casing ohlelweni lwe-casing yomthombo kawoyela negesi, egijima isuka esihlokweni somthombo iye ngaphansi kwesendlalelo sikawoyela negesi esidlula kuso. Ukujula kwe-casing kungqimba lwamafutha ngokuyisisekelo kuwukujula kokumba.
Indima ye-oyela layer casing ukudlula uwoyela negesi phansi, ukuhlukanisa uwoyela negesi kukho konke ukwakheka, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umfutho kawoyela negesi awuvuzi. Ngemuva kokuthi imithombo kawoyela negesi idluliselwe ekukhiqizeni, ikhwalithi ye-oyela layer casing kufanele iqinisekiswe ukugcina isikhathi esithile sokukhiqiza.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lika-cementing le-layer layer casing lihlobene nokuba umthombo wokuhlola futhi liyisihluthulelo sokuhlola uwoyela negesi; ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhlobene nokuba umthombo wokukhiqiza, othinta ngokuqondile ukuphila komthombo. Ukuphakama kokuxhuma usimende kwegebe phakathi kwebhokisi lebhokisi likawoyela kanye nodonga lomthombo okungenani kungamamitha angu-500 ngaphezu kongqimba lukawoyela negesi, noma kufika kumamitha angu-200 ongqimbeni olungaphezulu lwebhokisi. . Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-casing kubala ngaphezu kuka-70% wawo wonke amapayipi omthombo kawoyela.

Isikhwama sikawoyela siyindlela yokuphila yokugcina ukusebenza kwemithombo kawoyela. Ngenxa yezimo ezihlukene zejoloji, isimo sokucindezeleka kwe-downhole siyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nesenzo esihlangene sokugcizelela, ukucindezela, ukugoba kanye nokucindezeleka emzimbeni wepayipi, okubeka phambili izidingo eziphezulu kwikhwalithi ye-casing ngokwayo. Uma i-casing ngokwayo ilimele ngesizathu esithile, wonke umthombo ungase uncishiswe noma uchithwe.
Ngokusho kwamandla ensimbi ngokwayo, i-casing ingahlukaniswa ngamamaki ensimbi ahlukene, okuyi-J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110, Q125, V150, njll. Izimo ezihlukene kahle nokujula kunamamaki ensimbi ahlukene. Ezimweni ezigqwalile, i-casing ngokwayo nayo iyadingeka ukuze ibe nokuvikeleka kokugqwala. Ezindaweni ezinezimo ze-geological eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-casing nayo iyadingeka ukuze kube nokusebenza okulwa nokugoqa.

Ifomu lokucubungula lokuphela kwe-casing: intambo eyindilinga emfushane, intambo ejikelezayo ende, intambo ye-trapezoid eyingxenye, ibhande elikhethekile, njll. yenqubo yokumba kanye nokusebenza okuvamile kwawo wonke umthombo wamafutha ngemva kokuqedwa.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi phakathi kwezinhlobo zezintambo ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-API, ukucinana komoya kwecasing yentambo eyindilinga kuphansi, futhi amandla engxenye yokuxhuma okufakwe imicu angama-60% ~ 80% kuphela womzimba wepayipi;Ingxenye yentambo ye-trapezoidal nakuba i amandla okuxhuma aphakeme, kodwa ukuvala uphawu akulungile.Ngakho-ke, ngokushintsha kwendawo yokuxhashazwa kwe-oilfield kanye nezidingo eziqinile ngokuya nge-casing namandla okuxhuma nokuvala, ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwebhande elikhethekile elinamandla aphezulu nalo liyakhula.

Isicelo

Ipayipi ku-Api5ct lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukumba imithombo kawoyela negesi kanye nokuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi. Igobolondo likawoyela lisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukusekela udonga lwemigodi phakathi nangemuva kokuqedwa komthombo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile komthombo kanye nokuqedwa komthombo.

Ibanga Eliyinhloko

Ibanga:J55, K55,N80,L80,P110, njll

Ingxenye Yekhemikhali

Impahla Mechanical

Isidingo Sokuhlola

Ngokungeziwe ekuqinisekiseni ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kwenziwa ngakunye, futhi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-flaring ne-flattening. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezidingo ezithile ze-microstructure, usayizi wokusanhlamvu, kanye nongqimba lwe-decarburization yepayipi yensimbi eqediwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Tensile:

1. Ngensimbi yemikhiqizo, umenzi kufanele enze ukuhlolwa okuqinile. Ngepayipi elishiselwe ugesi, eligcinwe ngokukhetha komkhiqizi, ukuhlolwa kwe-tensile kungenziwa epuleti lensimbi elasetshenziswa ukwenza ipayipi noma elifakwe epayipini lensimbi ngokuqondile. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe emkhiqizweni nakho kungasetshenziswa njengokuhlolwa komkhiqizo.

2. Amashubhu okuhlola azokhethwa ngokungahleliwe. Uma kudingeka ukuhlola okuningi, indlela yesampula izoqinisekisa ukuthi amasampula athathiwe angamela ukuqala nokuphela komjikelezo wokwelapha ukushisa (uma kusebenza) kanye neziphetho zombili zeshubhu. Uma kudingeka ukuhlola okuningi, iphethini izothathwa kumashubhu ahlukene ngaphandle kokuthi isampula yeshubhu elijiyile ingase ithathwe kuzo zombili iziphetho zeshubhu.

3. Isampula yepayipi elingenamthungo lingathathwa kunoma iyiphi indawo kumjikelezo wepayipi; isampula yepayipi ehlanganisiwe kufanele ithathwe cishe ku-90 ° kumthungo we-weld, noma ngokukhetha komkhiqizi. Amasampula athathwa cishe engxenyeni yesine yobubanzi bomugqa.

4. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngaphambi nangemuva kokuhlolwa, uma ukulungiswa kwesampula kutholakala kunesici noma kukhona ukuntuleka kwezinto ezingahlobene nenjongo yokuhlolwa, isampula ingase ilahlwe futhi kufakwe enye isampula eyenziwe ngeshubhu efanayo.

5. Uma ukuhlolwa okuqinile okumelela iqoqo lemikhiqizo kungahlangabezani nezimfuneko, umenzi angathatha amanye amashubhu angu-3 kuqoqo elifanayo lamashubhu ukuze aphinde ahlolwe.

Uma konke ukuhlolwa kabusha kwamasampuli kuhlangabezana nezidingo, iqoqo lamashubhu liyafaneleka ngaphandle kweshubhu elingafanelekile elathathwa njengesampula ekuqaleni.

Uma isampula elingaphezu kwelilodwa ekuqaleni lithathwa noma isampula elilodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze liphinde lihlolwe lingahlangabezani nezimfuneko ezishiwo, umkhiqizi angase ahlole inqwaba yamashubhu ngalinye ngalinye.

Iqoqo lemikhiqizo elenqatshiwe lingashisisa kabusha futhi licutshungulwe kabusha njengeqoqo elisha.

Ukuhlolwa kokucaba:

1. Isampula yokuhlola izoba indandatho yokuhlola noma ukusika isiphetho esingekho ngaphansi kuka-63.5mm (2-1 / 2in).

2. Izibonelo zingasikwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa kokushisa, kodwa ngaphansi kokuphathwa kokushisa okufanayo njengoba ipayipi limelelwe. Uma kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwenqwaba, kuzothathwa izinyathelo zokukhomba ubudlelwano phakathi kwesampula neshubhu lesampula. Isithando somlilo ngasinye eqoqweni ngalinye kufanele sichotshozwe.

3. Isifanekiso sizokwenziwa isicaba phakathi kwamapuleti amabili ahambisanayo. Kusethi ngayinye yezifanekiso zokuhlola ezicaba, enye ishise ibekwe isicaba ku-90 ° kanti enye yacaba ku-0 °. Isifanekiso sizokwenziwa isicaba kuze kube yilapho izindonga zeshubhu sezixhumene. Ngaphambi kokuba ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti ahambisanayo libe ngaphansi kwenani elishiwo, akukho ukuqhekeka noma ukuphuka okufanele kuvele kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yephethini. Phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokucaba, akumele kube nesakhiwo esingesihle, ama-welds angahlanganisiwe, ama-delamination, ukushiswa kwensimbi ngokweqile, noma ukukhishwa kwensimbi.

4. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngaphambi nangemuva kokuhlolwa, uma ukulungiswa kwesampula kutholakala kunesici noma kukhona ukuntuleka kwezinto ezingahlobene nenjongo yokuhlolwa, isampula ingase ilahlwe futhi kufakwe enye isampula eyenziwe ngeshubhu efanayo.

5. Uma noma iyiphi isampula emele ishubhu ingahlangabezani nezidingo ezishiwo, umkhiqizi angathatha isampula ekugcineni kweshubhu ukuze kuhlolwe okungeziwe kuze kube yilapho izidingo zifinyelelwa. Nokho, ubude bepayipi eliqediwe ngemva kokusampula akumele bube ngaphansi kuka-80% wobude bokuqala. Uma noma iyiphi isampula yeshubhu emele iqoqo lemikhiqizo ingahlangabezani nezidingo ezishiwo, umenzi angathatha amashubhu amabili engeziwe eqoqweni lemikhiqizo futhi asike amasampula ukuze aphinde ahlolwe. Uma imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa kabusha yonke ihlangabezana nezidingo, iqoqo lamashubhu liyafaneleka ngaphandle kweshubhu elikhethwe ekuqaleni njengesampula. Uma noma yimaphi amasampula okuhlolwa kabusha angahlangabezani nezidingo ezishiwo, umkhiqizi angasampula amashubhu asele enqwaba ngalinye ngalinye. Ngokukhetha komkhiqizi, noma iyiphi inqwaba yamashubhu ingaphathwa kabusha futhi ihlolwe kabusha njengeqoqo elisha lamashubhu.

Ukuhlolwa Komphumela:

1. Kumashubhu, isethi yamasampuli kufanele ithathwe endaweni ngayinye (ngaphandle uma izinqubo ezibhaliwe zibonisiwe ukuthi zihlangabezana nezidingo zokulawula). Uma i-oda lilungiswe kokuthi A10 (SR16), ukuhlola kuyisibopho.

2. Ukuze kufakwe i-casing, amapayipi ensimbi angu-3 kufanele athathwe eqeqebeni ngalinye ukuze kuhlolwe. Amashubhu okuhlola azokhethwa ngokungahleliwe, futhi indlela yesampula izoqinisekisa ukuthi amasampuli anikeziwe angamela ukuqala nokuphela komjikelezo wokwelapha ukushisa kanye neziphetho zangaphambili nangemuva zomkhono phakathi nokwelashwa kokushisa.

3. Ukuhlolwa komthelela we-Charpy V-notch

4. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngaphambi nangemuva kokuhlolwa, uma ukulungiswa kwesampula kutholakala kunesici noma kukhona ukuntuleka kwezinto ezingahlobene nenjongo yokuhlolwa, isampula ingase ilahlwe futhi kufakwe enye isampula eyenziwe ngeshubhu efanayo. Izibonelo akufanele nje kuthiwe zinephutha ngenxa nje yokuthi azihlangabezani nezidingo ezincane zamandla amuncwa.

5. Uma umphumela wesampula engaphezu kweyodwa ungaphansi kwemfuneko encane yamandla amuncwa, noma umphumela wesampula eyodwa ungaphansi kuka-2/3 wesidingo samandla esimuncwa esincane esishiwo, amasampuli amathathu engeziwe azothathwa esiqeshini esifanayo futhi ihlolwe kabusha. Amandla omthelela wesifanekiso ngasinye esivivinywe kabusha azoba makhulu noma alingane nemfuneko encane yamandla amuncwa.

6. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuthile ingahlangabezani nezimfuneko futhi nemibandela yokuhlolwa okusha ingahlangabezwanga, khona-ke amasampuli amathathu engeziwe athathwa kwesinye seziqephu ezintathu zeqoqo. Uma yonke imibandela eyengeziwe ihlangabezana nezidingo, iqoqo liyafaneleka ngaphandle kwaleyo ehlulekile ekuqaleni. Uma ucezu olwengeziwe lokuhlola olungaphezu kwesisodwa lungahlangabezani nezimfuneko, umenzi angase akhethe ukuhlola izingcezu ezisele zenqwaba ngayinye ngayinye, noma ashise kabusha inqwaba futhi ayihlole eqeqebeni elisha.

7. Uma izinto ezingaphezu kweyodwa kwezintathu zokuqala ezidingekayo ukufakazela iqoqo leziqu zenqatshwa, ukuhlolwa kabusha akuvunyelwe ukufakazela ukuthi iqoqo lamashubhu lifanelekile. Umkhiqizi angase akhethe ukuhlola amaqoqo asele isiqeshana ngasinye, noma ashise kabusha inqwaba futhi ayihlole kunqwaba entsha..

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic:

1. Ipayipi ngalinye kufanele lihlolwe i-hydrostatic pressure yalo lonke ipayipi ngemva kokujiya (uma kufaneleka) kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina (uma kufanele), futhi lizofinyelela umfutho we-hydrostatic oshiwo ngaphandle kokuvuza. Isikhathi sokubamba ingcindezi yokuhlola senziwa ngaphansi kwama-5s. Emapayipini ashiselwe, ama-welds amapayipi azobhekwa ukuvuza ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuhlolwa. Ngaphandle uma ukuhlolwa kwepayipi lonke kwenziwe okungenani kusenesikhathi ngomfutho odingekayo esimweni sokugcina sepayipi, imboni yokucubungula intambo kufanele yenze ukuhlola kwe-hydrostatic (noma ihlele lokho kuhlola) kulo lonke ipayipi.

2. Amapayipi azophathwa ngokushisa azohlolwa nge-hydrostatic ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina. Ukucindezela kokuhlola kwawo wonke amapayipi aneziphetho ezinentambo kufanele okungenani kube ukucindezela kokuhlola kwemicu nokuhlanganisa.

3 .Ngemva kokucubungula kuya kusayizi wepayipi eliqediwe eliyisicaba kanye nanoma yimaphi amalunga amafushane aphethwe ukushisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kuzokwenziwa ngemva kokuphela kwesicaba noma intambo.

Ukubekezelelana

I-Outer Diameter:

Emashubhuni ahlangene ajiyile anosayizi omncane noma olingana no-5-1 / 2, ukubekezelelana okulandelayo kusebenza kububanzi obungaphandle bomzimba wepayipi ngaphakathi kwebanga elicishe libe ngu-127mm (5.0in) eduze kwengxenye ejiyile; Ukubekezelelana okulandelayo kusebenza kububanzi obungaphandle beshubhu ngaphakathi kwebanga elicishe lilingane nobubanzi beshubhu eliseduze nengxenye ejiyile.

Kumashubhu aqinisiwe angaphandle anosayizi we-2-3 / 8 nangaphezulu, ukubekezelelwa okulandelayo kusebenza kububanzi obungaphandle bepayipi elijiyile futhi ubukhulu buguquka kancane kancane ukusuka ekugcineni kwepayipi.

Ubukhulu Bodonga:

Ukubekezelelwa kokuqina kodonga okucacisiwe kwepayipi kungu-12.5%

Isisindo:

Ithebula elilandelayo yizidingo ezijwayelekile zokubekezelela isisindo. Lapho ubukhulu obuncane obushiwo bodonga bukhulu noma bulingana no-90% wobukhulu obubekiwe bodonga, umkhawulo ongaphezulu wokubekezelelwa kwenqwaba yempande eyodwa kufanele ukhuliswe ube ngu-10%

Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Amapayipi Esakhiwo Amapayipi

I-API 5L

I-API 5CT