20G: Ọ bụ nọmba nchara edepụtara nke GB5310-95 (ụdị mba ọzọ kwekọrọ: st45.8 na Germany, STB42 na Japan, na SA106B na United States). Ọ bụ igwe a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ọkpọkọ igwe ọkụ ọkụ. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ na ihe eji arụ ọrụ bụ otu ihe ahụ nke efere igwe iri abụọ. Nchara ahụ nwere ike ụfọdụ na okpomọkụ nkịtị na ọkara na elu okpomọkụ, obere carbon ọdịnaya, mma plasticity na siri ike, na ezigbo oyi na-ekpo ọkụ na-akpụ na ịgbado ọkụ Njirimara. A na-eji ya eme ihe na-emepụta ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ dị elu na nke dị elu, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, ndị na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na mgbidi mmiri na mpaghara okpomọkụ dị ala; dị ka obere ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ maka kpo oku elu ọkpọkọ na a mgbidi okpomọkụ nke ≤500 ℃, na mmiri mgbidi Pipes, economizer ọkpọkọ, wdg, nnukwu dayameta ọkpọkọ maka uzuoku ọkpọkọ na nkụnye eji isi mee (economizer, mmiri mgbidi, obere okpomọkụ superheater na ndị ọzọ). reheater nkụnye eji isi mee) na mgbidi okpomọkụ ≤450 ℃, na pipelines na ọkara okpomọkụ ≤450 ℃ Ngwa wdg Ebe ọ bụ na carbon ígwè ga-graphitized ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-arụ ọrụ ruo ogologo oge n'elu 450 ° C, ogologo oge kacha ojiji okpomọkụ nke kpo oku. Igwe mmiri dị n'elu kacha mma ka ọ dịkarịa ala 450 Celsius. N'ime ọnọdụ okpomọkụ a, ike nke ígwè nwere ike izute ihe ndị chọrọ nke superheaters na steam pipes, na ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide oxidation, ike ike plastik, ịrụ ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-edozi, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe. Nchara a na-eji n'ọkụ Iran (na-ezo aka na otu unit) bụ ọkpọkọ ntinye mmiri (ọnụ ọgụgụ ya bụ tọn 28), ọkpọkọ ntinye mmiri uzuoku (ton 20), ọkpọkọ njikọ uzuoku (ton 26), na nkụnye eji isi mee economizer. (ton 8). ), usoro mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ (ton 5), ndị ọzọ na-eji dị ka ígwè dị larịị na ihe ọganihu (ihe dị ka tọn 86).

SA-210C (25MnG): Ọ bụ ọkwa nchara na ọkọlọtọ ASME SA-210. Ọ bụ carbon-manganese ígwè obere dayameta tube maka ji esi mmiri ọkụ na superheaters, na itis a pearlite okpomọkụ-ike ígwè. China tụgharịrị ya na GB5310 na 1995 wee kpọọ ya 25MnG. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ ya dị mfe ma e wezụga nnukwu ọdịnaya nke carbon na manganese, ndị ọzọ yiri 20G, ya mere ike mkpụrụ ya dị ihe dị ka 20% dị elu karịa 20G, na plasticity na ike ya bụ 20G. Nchara ahụ nwere usoro mmepụta dị mfe na ezigbo oyi na ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ. Iji ya kama 20G nwere ike ibelata mgbidi mgbidi na oriri ihe onwunwe, Ka ọ dị ugbu a melite nnyefe ọkụ nke ọkụ ọkụ. Ya ojiji akụkụ na ojiji okpomọkụ bụ ihu ọma otu ihe ahụ dị ka 20G, tumadi na-eji maka mmiri mgbidi, economizer, ala okpomọkụ superheater na ndị ọzọ mmiri na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ bụ ala karịa 500 ℃.

SA-106C: Ọ bụ ọkwa nchara na ọkọlọtọ ASME SA-106. Ọ bụ ọkpọkọ ígwè carbon-manganese maka nnukwu ọkụ ọkụ na nnukwu ọkụ maka oke okpomọkụ. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ ya dị mfe ma yie 20G carbon steel, mana ọdịnaya carbon ya na manganese dị elu, yabụ ike mkpụrụ ya dị ihe dịka 12% dị elu karịa nke 20G, na plasticity na ike adịghị njọ. Nchara ahụ nwere usoro mmepụta dị mfe na ezigbo oyi na ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ. Iji ya dochie 20G nkụnye eji isi mee (economizer, mmiri mgbidi, obere okpomọkụ superheater na reheater nkụnye eji isi mee) nwere ike ibelata mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ ihe dị ka 10%, nke nwere ike ịzọpụta ihe onwunwe na-akwụ ụgwọ, belata welding ọrụ, na melite nkụnye eji isi mee Ihe dị iche iche nrụgide na mmalite mmalite. .

15Mo3 (15MoG): Ọ bụ ọkpọkọ ígwè na ọkọlọtọ DIN17175. Ọ bụ obere diameter carbon-molybdenum ígwè tube maka igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, Ka ọ dị ugbu a ọ bụ nchara na-ekpo ọkụ pel. China tụgharịrị ya na GB5310 na 1995 wee kpọọ ya 15MoG. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ ya dị mfe, mana ọ nwere molybdenum, yabụ ka ị na-arụ ọrụ otu usoro ahụ dị ka carbon steel, ike ọkụ ya dị mma karịa igwe carbon. N'ihi arụmọrụ ya dị mma yana ọnụ ala dị ala, mba ụwa niile nakweere ya. Otú ọ dị, ígwè nwere ọchịchọ nke graphitization na ogologo oge na-arụ ọrụ na elu okpomọkụ, ya mere ojiji okpomọkụ kwesịrị ịchịkwa n'okpuru 510 ℃, na ego nke Al agbakwunyere n'oge agbaze kwesịrị nanị ịchịkwa na-egbu oge na graphitization usoro. A na-ejikarị ọkpọkọ ígwè eme ihe maka ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na mgbidi mgbidi dị n'okpuru 510 ℃. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ ya bụ C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; nkịtị ọkụ ike larịị σs≥270-285, σb≥450- 600 MPa; Plasticity δ≥22.

SA-209T1a (20MoG): Ọ bụ ọkwa nchara na ọkọlọtọ ASME SA-209. Ọ bụ obere diameter carbon-molybdenum ígwè tube maka ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, ọ bụkwa pearlite okpomọkụ-ike ígwè. China tụgharịrị ya na GB5310 na 1995 wee kpọọ ya 20MoG. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ ya dị mfe, mana ọ nwere molybdenum, yabụ ka ị na-arụ ọrụ otu usoro ahụ dị ka carbon steel, ike ọkụ ya dị mma karịa igwe carbon. Otú ọ dị, ígwè nwere ọchịchọ graphitize na ogologo oge na-arụ ọrụ na elu okpomọkụ, ya mere ojiji okpomọkụ kwesịrị ịchịkwa n'okpuru 510 ℃ ma gbochie n'elu-okpomọkụ. N'oge agbaze, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Al agbakwunyere kwesịrị ịbụ naanị ịchịkwa na igbu oge usoro eserese. A na-ejikarị ọkpọkọ ígwè eme ihe maka akụkụ ndị dị ka mgbidi mmiri jụrụ oyi, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe ọkụ ọkụ, na mgbidi mgbidi dị n'okpuru 510 ℃. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ ya bụ C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; ike larịị σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; plasticity ≥30.

15CrMoG: bụ GB5310-95 ígwè ọkwa (kwekọrọ na 1Cr-1/2Mo na 11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si steels ọtụtụ ebe na mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa). Ọdịnaya chromium ya dị elu karịa nke ígwè 12CrMo, yabụ ọ nwere ike ọkụ dị elu. Mgbe okpomọkụ karịrị 550 ℃, ya thermal ike na-budata belata. Mgbe a na-arụ ya ogologo oge na 500-550 ℃, graphitization agaghị eme, ma carbide spheroidization na redistribution nke alloying ọcha ga-eme, nke niile na-eduga na okpomọkụ nke ígwè. A na-ebelata ike ahụ, na ígwè ahụ nwere ezigbo nkwụsị ntụrụndụ na 450 ° C. Nrụpụta ya na usoro ịgbado ọkụ ya dị mma. tumadi ji dị ka elu na ọkara mgbali uzuoku ọkpọkọ na nkụnye eji isi mee na uzuoku parameters n'okpuru 550 ℃, superheater tubes na tube mgbidi okpomọkụ n'okpuru 560 ℃, wdg Ya chemical mejupụtara bụ C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, Mn0.40- 0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; ike larịị σs≥ na nkịtị tempered ala 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Plasticity δ≥21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) bụ ASME SA213 (SA335) ọkọlọtọ ihe, nke e depụtara na China GB5310-95. Na usoro nchara Cr-Mo, ike ọkụ ya dị oke elu, na ike ntachi obi ya na nrụgide a na-ekwe ka ọ dị n'otu okpomọkụ dị elu karịa nke ígwè 9Cr-1Mo. Ya mere, a na-eji ya na ike okpomọkụ nke mba ọzọ, ike nuklia na ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide. Ngwa dị ukwuu. Mana akụ na ụba teknụzụ ya adịchaghị mma ka 12Cr1MoV nke obodo m, yabụ na ọ naghị eji ya eme ihe n'ichepụta ọkụ ọkụ ụlọ. A na-anabata ya naanị mgbe onye ọrụ rịọrọ ya (karịsịa mgbe emebere ya na arụpụtara ya dịka nkọwa ASME siri dị). Igwe anaghị emetụ n'ahụ na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, nwere nnukwu plasticity na-adịgide adịgide na ezigbo ịgbado ọkụ. A na-ejikarị tubes T22 dị obere dị ka tubes na-ekpo ọkụ maka ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke mgbidi metal dị n'okpuru 580 ℃, ebe a na-eji tubes buru ibu nke P22 eme ihe maka ikpo ọkụ ọkụ / reheater nkwonkwo nke mgbidi metal anaghị agafe 565 ℃. Igbe na isi uzuoku ọkpọkọ. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ ya bụ C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; ike larịị σs≥280, σb≥ n'okpuru nti tempering 450-600 MPa; Plasticity δ≥20.

12Cr1MoVG: Ọ bụ GB5310-95 edepụtara nchara, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na nrụgide anụ ụlọ, nrụgide dị elu, na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri subcritical, nkụnye eji isi mee na ọkpọkọ uzuoku isi. The chemical mejupụtara na n'ibu Njirimara bụ isi dị ka ndị nke 12Cr1MoV mpempe akwụkwọ. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ ya dị mfe, mkpokọta alloy erughị 2%, ọ bụkwa obere carbon, obere alloy pearlite na-ekpo ọkụ. N'ime ha, vanadium nwere ike ịmepụta carbide VC kwụsiri ike na carbon, nke nwere ike ime ka chromium na molybdenum dị na ígwè dị mma dị na ferrite, ma na-ebelata ọsọ nke chromium na molybdenum site na ferrite gaa carbide, na-eme ka ígwè ahụ dịkwuo mma. kwụsie ike na elu okpomọkụ. Ngụkọta ego nke alloying ọcha na nke a ígwè bụ nanị ọkara nke 2.25Cr-1Mo ígwè ọtụtụ ebe na mba ọzọ, ma ya ntachi obi ike na 580 ℃ na 100,000 h bụ 40% elu karịa nke ikpeazụ; na usoro mmepụta ya dị mfe, yana ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ ya dị mma. Ọ bụrụhaala na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ siri ike, enwere ike nweta arụmọrụ zuru oke na ike ọkụ. Ọrụ n'ezie nke ọdụ ọkụ na-egosi na enwere ike ịga n'ihu na-eji pipeline uzuoku isi 12Cr1MoV mgbe awa 100,000 arụ ọrụ nchekwa na 540C. The nnukwu-dayameta ọkpọkọ na-bụ-eji dị ka nkụnye eji isi mee na isi uzuoku ọkpọkọ na uzuoku parameters n'okpuru 565 ℃, na obere dayameta ọkpọkọ na-eji ji esi mmiri ọkụ kpo oku elu ọkpọkọ na metal mgbidi okpomọkụ n'okpuru 580 ℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Ọ bụ ọkwa nchara na GB5310-95. Ọ bụ obere carbon, obere alloy (obere ego nke otutu) nchara bainite na-ekpo ọkụ nke obodo m mepụtara na 1960s. E tinyela ya na Ministry of Metallurgy Standard YB529 kemgbe 1970 -70 na ọkọlọtọ mba dị ugbu a. Na njedebe nke 1980, ígwè ahụ gafere nyocha nkwonkwo nke Ministry of Metallurgy, Ministry of Machinery and Electric Power. Nchara ahụ nwere ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ zuru oke, yana ike ọkụ ya na okpomọkụ ọrụ ya karịrị nke nchara mba ọzọ yiri ya, na-eru ọkwa ụfọdụ chromium-nickel austenitic steels na 620 ℃. Nke a bụ n'ihi na e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị alloying dị n'ime ígwè, na ihe ndị dị ka Cr, Si, wdg na-agbakwụnyekwa ihe ndị na-eme ka nkwụsị oxidation dịkwuo mma, ya mere okpomọkụ ọrụ kachasị elu nwere ike iru 620 ° C. Ọrụ n'ezie nke ọdụ ike ahụ gosipụtara na nhazi na arụmọrụ nke ọkpọkọ ígwè adịghị agbanwe nke ukwuu mgbe arụ ọrụ ogologo oge gasịrị. A na-ejikarị ya dị ka tube na-ekpo ọkụ na reheater tube nke nnukwu mmiri ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na metal okpomọkụ ≤620 ℃. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ ya bụ C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0. 08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; ike larịị σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa na mma tempering ala; plasticity δ≥18.

SA-213T91 (335P91): Ọ bụ ọkwa nchara na ọkọlọtọ ASME SA-213 (335). Ọ bụ ihe maka akụkụ nrụgide okpomọkụ dị elu nke ike nuklia (nke a na-ejikwa na mpaghara ndị ọzọ) nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Rubber Ridge nke United States mepụtara. Nchara a dabere na igwe T9 (9Cr-1Mo), ma na-ejedebe na oke elu na ala nke ọdịnaya carbon. , Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọzọ na-achịkwa nke ọma ọdịnaya nke ihe ndị fọdụrụnụ dị ka P na S, a na-agbakwunye 0.030-0.070% nke N, akara nke carbide siri ike na-emepụta ihe nke 0.18-0.25% V na 0.06-0.10% nke Nb. nweta mmezi ọhụrụ ụdị ferritic okpomọkụ na-eguzogide alloy ígwè na-kpụrụ ọka chọrọ; ọ bụ ASME SA-213 edepụtara ọkwa nchara, na China tụgharịrị ígwè ahụ na ọkọlọtọ GB5310 na 1995, na ọkwa ahụ ka edobere ka 10Cr9Mo1VNb; na ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa ISO/DIS9329-2 ka edepụtara dị ka X10 CrMoVNb9-1. N'ihi ọdịnaya chromium dị elu (9%), nguzogide oxidation, nguzogide corrosion, ike okpomọkụ dị elu na ọchịchọ na-abụghị nke graphitization dị mma karịa nchara alloy dị ala. Ihe mmewere molybdenum (1%) na-eme ka ike dị elu dị elu ma na-egbochi ígwè chromium. Ọkụkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ; E jiri ya tụnyere T9, ọ na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ ịgbado ọkụ na ike ọgwụgwụ okpomọkụ, ịdịte aka ya na 600 ° C bụ okpukpu atọ nke nke ikpeazụ, ma na-ejigide nguzogide corrosion dị elu nke T9 (9Cr-1Mo) ígwè; E jiri ya tụnyere austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, ọ nwere obere mgbasawanye ọnụọgụ, ezi thermal conductivity, na elu ntachi obi ike (dịka ọmụmaatụ, jiri ya tụnyere TP304 austenitic ígwè, chere ruo mgbe ike okpomọkụ bụ 625 ° C, na nha nrụgide okpomọkụ bụ 607 ° C). . Ya mere, ọ nwere ezi keukwu n'ibu Njirimara, ike Ọdịdị na arụmọrụ tupu na mgbe ịka nká, ezi ịgbado ọkụ arụmọrụ na usoro arụmọrụ, elu anwụ ngwa ngwa na ọxịdashọn-eguzogide. A na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na igwe okpomọkụ ≤650 ℃ na igwe ọkụ. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ ya bụ C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤ 0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; ike larịị σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa na nti tempering ala; plasticity δ≥20.