Bututun karfe maras sumul zagaye ne, murabba'i, karfe rectangular tare da sashe mara fa'ida kuma babu kabu a kusa da shi.

Sumul karfe bututu tare da m sashe, babban adadin bututu da ake amfani da su isar ruwa, A cikin lankwasawa da torsion ƙarfi a lokaci guda, Kwatanta karfe bututu tare da zagaye karfe da sauran m steel. karfe bututu nauyi ne haske, shi ne wani irin tattalin arziki. sashe na karfe, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai wajen kera sassa na tsari da sassa na inji, kamar hakowar karfen mai.

Samar da bututun ƙarfe mara ƙarfi yana da tarihin kusan shekaru 100. ’Yan’uwan Manisman na Jamus sun fara ƙirƙira naushin juzu'i na mirgina biyu a cikin 1885, sannan suka ƙirƙira na'ura mai jujjuya bututu na lokaci-lokaci a 1891, kuma Swiss RCStiefel ya ƙirƙira na'ura mai jujjuya bututu ta atomatik ( wanda aka fi sani da na'ura mai jujjuyawar bututu) a cikin 1903, da injunan haɓaka daban-daban, irin su ci gaba da na'ura mai jujjuya bututu da injin tura bututu, sun fara samar da masana'antar bututun ƙarfe na zamani. aka karbe.

Extrusion latsa da na lokaci-lokaci sanyi mirgina niƙa inganta iri-iri da kuma ingancin karfe tubes.A cikin 1960s, saboda da inganta ci gaba da mirgina bututu niƙa, da fitowan na uku-yi naushi, musamman nasarar aikace-aikace na tashin hankali rage inji da kuma ci gaba. simintin simintin gyare-gyare, ya inganta aikin samarwa da haɓaka gasa na bututu maras sumul da bututu mai walda.

A cikin shekarun 1970s, bututu maras sumul da bututun welded suna tafiya tare da juna, kuma yawan bututun karfe a duniya yana karuwa da fiye da kashi 5 cikin dari a kowace shekara.Tun daga shekarar 1953, kasar Sin ta ba da muhimmanci sosai ga bunkasuwar masana'antar bututun karafa, kuma da farko ya kafa tsarin samarwa don jujjuya manyan bututu daban-daban, matsakaita da kanana. Gabaɗaya, bututun tagulla kuma yana ɗaukar tsarin billet giciye da juzu'i, jujjuyawar bututu da zanen nada.

Aikace-aikaceda kuma rarrabuwa na bututun ƙarfe maras sumul

Aikace-aikace: Sumul karfe tube ne wani irin tattalin arziki sashe karfe, yana da matukar muhimmanci matsayi a cikin kasa tattalin arzikin, yadu amfani da man fetur, sinadaran masana'antu, tukunyar jirgi, tashar wutar lantarki, jirgin ruwa, inji masana'antu, mota, jirgin sama, Aerospace, makamashi, geology. , sassan gine-gine da na soja.

Rabewa:

(1) Dangane da siffar sashin da aka raba zuwa: bututun sashin madauwari, bututun sashi na musamman

(2) bisa ga kayan: carbon karfe bututu, gami karfe bututu, bakin karfe bututu, composite bututu

(3) Dangane da yanayin haɗin gwiwa: bututun haɗin da aka haɗa, bututun walda

(4) Dangane da yanayin samarwa: zafi mirgina (extrusion, saman, fadada) bututu, mirgina sanyi (ja) bututu

(5) Dangane da amfani: bututun tukunyar jirgi, bututun rijiyar mai, bututun mai, bututun tsari, bututun taki.

Sumul karfe tube samar tsari

Babban tsarin samar da bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi mai zafi (tsarin dubawa):

Shiri da duba bututun bututu → dumama bututun billet → ratsawa → jujjuya bututu → sake dumama bututu → gyara (rage) diamita → maganin zafi → daidaita bututun da aka gama → gamawa → dubawa (marasa lalacewa, jiki da sinadarai, duba tasha) → ajiya

(2) Cold mirgina (zane) m karfe bututu samar tsari

Shirye-shiryen billet → zazzagewa da lubrication → mirgina sanyi (zane) → maganin zafi → daidaitawa → gamawa → dubawa

A samar tsari kwarara ginshiƙi na zafi-birgima sumul karfe tube ne kamar haka: