2021, ci gaba da zurfafa da sake fasalin na wadata gefen tsarin karfe bututu masana'antu a cikin kasar, inganta kore low carbon masana'antu canji, da kuma manyan canje-canje a cikin kasar masana'antu manufofin, aiwatar da iko iko, fitarwa, soke duk karfe fitarwa haraji ramuwa, karkashin Asalin samun iskar carbon ninki biyu, jure yanayin canjin buƙatu a gida da waje, ƙoƙarin shawo kan ainihin farashin kayan abu mai wahala, Narkar da kariyar muhalli da sauran dalilai kamar tsadar haɓaka mai yawa, fahimtar “raguwa yawa. da kuma inganta inganci” ingantacciyar ci gaba, ayyukan masana'antu gabaɗaya sun tabbata, don biyan buƙatun ƙarfe na masana'antu da tabbatar da ci gaba da farfadowar tattalin arzikin ƙasa ya ba da gudummawa mai kyau.

1 Samar da bututun ƙarfe da bayyana amfani a China

Dangane da bayanan samar da bututun welded da hukumar kididdiga ta kasa da reshen bututun karafa suka wallafa bisa ga bayanan samar da kamfanonin mambobi don kimanta bayanan samar da bututun karafa, daga watan Janairu zuwa Disamba 2021, yawan bututun karfe na kasa ya kai miliyan 853.62. ton, ƙasa 3.66%; Abubuwan da ake gani sun kai tan 78,811,600, ƙasa da kashi 4.33% a shekara. Daga cikinsu, samar da bututun welded na tan miliyan 58.832, ya ragu da kashi 3.57% a shekara; Abubuwan da ake gani sun kasance tan miliyan 55.2763, ƙasa da kashi 4.07% a shekara. Ƙididdigar samar da bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi shine tan miliyan 26.80.00, ƙasa da kashi 3.86% a shekara; Abubuwan da ake amfani da su sun kai tan miliyan 23.5353, tare da raguwar shekara-shekara na 4.93%. Ana iya ganin cewa a shekarar 2021, bututun karfe na kasar Sin, bututun karfe maras sumul, samar da bututun walda da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi ya ragu a kowace shekara. Ana nuna fitowar da kuma yadda ake amfani da bututun ƙarfe a China a cikin 2020-2021 a cikin Table 1 da Hoto 1.

Daga kididdigar data kididdiga, da overall santsi aiki na kasar Sin karfe bututu masana'antu a farkon rabin 2021, amma fitarwa girma bayyana kunkuntar, idan aka kwatanta da abin da ya shafa ta kasa da kasa da baƙin ƙarfe farashin farashin ya tashi sosai a watan Mayu, bututu, faranti farashin ya tashi sosai. wanda ya sa farashin karafa ya tashi da sauri, amma wannan sayan ya fi tasiri kan masana'antar da ke ƙasa, ya sanya buƙatar raguwa. Bugu da kari, yanayin masana'antar karafa don rage bukatun samar da danyen karafa, ya kuma shafi wasu kamfanoni, ta yadda a shekarar 2021, samar da bututun karafa na kasar Sin ya kasance wani yanki na raguwa.

2. Farashin bututun ƙarfe a China

Tun daga watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2020, sakamakon hauhawar farashin manyan kayan masarufi kamar tama da tama, farashin billet da tsiri a kasar Sin ya karu sosai, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 2-3, da kuma farashin karafa. bututu.

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An nuna yanayin farashin bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi, bututun welded da bututun galvanized a China daga 2020 zuwa 2021 a cikin Hoto 4. Daga cikin su, farashin φ 219 mm × 10 mm ƙayyadaddun bututun ƙarfe mara ƙarfi ya tashi da sauri daga Nuwamba 2020, farashin ya tashi daga yuan 4645 zuwa yuan 6638 a watan Mayun 2021 (shine kololuwar farashin tun 2008), ya haura yuan kusan 2000, ya karu da kashi 42.9%; Bayan watan Mayun shekarar 2021, farashin ya koma yuan 6,160 a watan Yuli, inda ya fadi kusan yuan 500, sannan ya tashi zuwa yuan 6,636 a watan Oktoba (mafi girma na biyu), sannan ya fadi zuwa yuan 5,931 a watan Disamba. Farashin yana murzawa a babban matakin tun farkon shekara.

Shekarar 2021 ita ce shekarar da ta fi dacewa da masana'antar karafa ta kasar Sin tun daga shekarar 2008, tare da samun bunkasuwar masana'antu sosai. Koyaya, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin samfuran ƙarfe da masana'antar ƙarfe, ba a inganta bututun ƙarfe ba kamar faranti, mashaya, waya da bayanan martaba. Dalilan su ne kamar haka: na farko, duk da farashin bututun karfe ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, amma farashin bututun karfe bai kai wani matsayi ba saboda tasirin farashin mai da kuma karancin farashin bututun mai. An nuna yanayin farashin bututun ƙarfe maras kyau, takardar galvanized, takardar birgima mai zafi da rebar a China daga Afrilu 2020 zuwa Janairu 2022 a cikin hoto na 5. Ana iya ganin cewa farashin galvanized takardar a cikin 2021 yana da girma fiye da na ƙarfe mara nauyi. bututu 300 ~ 750 yuan, kuma farashin nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu a wasu shekaru suna da girma da ƙasa, gabaɗaya suna canzawa akan yuan 200. Na biyu, saboda hauhawar farashin danyen da kayan masarufi, bambancin farashin da ke tsakanin bututun karfe da billet ya kasance a matakin shekarar 2020, kuma ribar da ake samu na kayayyakin bai inganta sosai ba. Musamman kamfanonin hakar bututun mai, wadanda karancin farashin mai da kuma karancin farashin bututun mai ya shafa, tafiyar da harkokin kasuwanci na da wahala, galibin kamfanoni suna kan gaba wajen samun karamin riba ko asara, har yanzu kamfanoni guda daya suna cikin asara.

A shekarar 2021, ko da yake jihar sau biyu ta daidaita rangwamen harajin kayayyakin karafa zuwa kasashen waje, ta yadda adadin harajin ya koma 0, amma yawan bututun karfen da ake fitarwa bai ragu ba amma ya karu. Manyan dalilan su ne kamar haka: na farko, sakamakon tasirin COVID-19, wasu kamfanonin bututun karafa na kasashen waje ba su dawo da samar da su gaba daya ba, kuma kasuwar ta yi karanci na wani dan lokaci, kuma farashin bututun karafa na duniya ya kasance. ya tashi sosai (farashin wasu kayayyakin da ake fitarwa sun fi na cikin gida girma); Na biyu, kamfanonin fitar da kayayyaki sun damu da kasashe masu bin diddigin karin haraji kan kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje, don haka karuwa, da saurin karfin fitar da kayayyaki, yawan fitar da kayayyaki a cikin kwata na hudu ya karu sosai. A watan Disamba na shekarar 2021, fitar da bututun karafa na kasar Sin ya kai kashi 160.44% na matsakaicin watanni 11 da suka gabata. Musamman fitar da bututun karafa da aka fitar a watan Disamba ya kai tan 531,000, kashi 203.92 na matsakaicin fitar da tan 260,400 a cikin watanni 11 na farko. Wannan yanayin ya ci gaba har zuwa kwata na farko na 2022.

3.2 Manyan abubuwan fitarwa

Bisa kididdigar da hukumar kwastam ta kasar Sin ta fitar, an ce, a shekarar 2021, yawan bututun karafa na kasar Sin ya fitar da tan miliyan 3.3952, wanda ya karu da kashi 3.79 cikin dari a duk shekara. Daga cikin su, fitar da bututun mai ba tare da wata matsala ba ya kai tan miliyan 1.2743, wanda ya ragu da kashi 9.60% a shekara; Bututun rijiyar mai yana fitar da tan 906,200, ya karu da kashi 2.81% a shekara; Bututun tukunyar jirgi mara nauyi yana fitar da tan 151,800, raguwar shekara-shekara na 15.22%; Fitar da bututun mai waldadi ya kai tan 757,700, wanda ya ragu da kashi 9.16% a shekara; Fitar da bututun masu siffa na musamman da murabba'i masu murabba'in welded ya kai tan 1,325,400, wanda ya karu da kashi 4.41% duk shekara. A shekarar 2021, saboda tasirin annobar COVID-19 ta duniya da rangwamen harajin fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, adadin manyan nau'ikan bututu guda uku na kasar Sin zuwa kasashen waje, da bututun tukunyar jirgi da bututun walda ya ragu sosai. Dubi Table 3 da Hoto na 7 don fitar da manyan nau'ikan bututun ƙarfe a China a cikin 2020-2021.

3. Shigo da fitar da bututun karfe a kasar Sin

3.1 Shigo da fitarwa girma da farashi

Bisa kididdigar da hukumar kwastam ta fitar, a shekarar 2021, yawan bututun karfe da kasar Sin ta shigo da shi ya kai tan 349,600, ya ragu da kashi 7.21 bisa dari; Matsakaicin farashin shigo da kaya shine $3824/t, sama da 12.71% akan shekara. Daga cikinsu, shigo da bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi na 130,500 t, ƙasa da 13.80%; Matsakaicin farashin shigo da kaya shine $5769/t, sama da 13.32% akan shekara. Bututun welded yana shigo da tan 219,100, ƙasa da kashi 2.80%; Matsakaicin farashin shigo da kaya shine $2671/t, sama da 18.31% akan shekara. A shekarar 2021, kasar Sin ta fitar da tan miliyan 7.17 na bututun karfe, wanda ya karu da kashi 4.19% a shekara; Matsakaicin farashin fitarwa shine $ 1542 / t, sama da 36.5% akan shekara. Daga cikin su, bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi yana fitar da tan miliyan 3.3952, sama da 3.79%; Matsakaicin farashin fitarwa shine $1,508/t, sama da 23.67% a shekara. Yawan fitar da bututun welded ya kai tan miliyan 3.7748, wanda ya karu da kashi 4.55% a shekara; Matsakaicin farashin fitarwa shine $ 1573 / t, sama da 49.99% a shekara. A shekarar 2021, yawan bututun karfen da kasar Sin ta shigo da shi ya kai kashi 0.41% na samar da bututun karfe, farashin bututun welded ya fi bututun karfe da ba su da kyau a karon farko. Dubi Tebu na 2 da Hoto na 6 don shigo da kaya da fitarwa da kuma adadin bututun Karfe a kasar Sin a cikin 2020-2021.

3.3 Kasashe Masu Shigo da Fitarwa

A shekarar 2021, kasashe 10 na farko na fitar da bututun karafa na kasar Sin su ne Koriya ta Kudu, Indiya, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, Algeria, Thailand, Oman, Indonesia, Turkey, Vietnam, Australia, Manyan masu fitar da bututun karfe 10 na farko sune Philippines, Nigeria, Myanmar, Australia, Koriya ta Kudu, Peru, Chile, Indonesia, Singapore da Kanada. Kasashen da ake son fitar da bututun karafa na kasar Sin sun fi mayar da hankali ne a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da sauran yankuna, daga cikinsu kudu maso gabashin Asiya, tekun Fasha da sauran yankuna ne ke da sama da kashi 40% na kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje. Duk da yake a Turai, Arewacin Amirka, yana daya daga cikin manyan masu amfani da karafa, amma tun bayan rikicin kudi na duniya a shekara ta 2008, yankin na ci gaba da kaddamar da bincike na cinikayya na bututun karafa a kasarmu, da ake fitarwa a halin yanzu zuwa yankin na karfe. bututun ya kai kasa da kashi 6%, mafi girma da kasar Sin ke fitarwa iri biyu (bututun rijiyar mai, bututun layi) ya kusan shiga wadannan kasashe da yankuna. Yawan fitar da bututun karfe na kasar Sin ta kasa ko yanki a shekarar 2020-2021 an nuna shi a hoto na 8.