20G: Yana da lambar ƙarfe da aka jera na GB5310-95 (madaidaicin samfuran ƙasashen waje: st45.8 a Jamus, STB42 a Japan, da SA106B a Amurka). Shi ne karfen da aka fi amfani da shi don bututun karfen tukunyar jirgi. Abubuwan sinadaran da kaddarorin injiniya iri ɗaya ne da na faranti 20 na ƙarfe. Ƙarfe yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi a yanayin zafi na al'ada da matsakaici da babban zafin jiki, ƙananan abun ciki na carbon, mafi kyawun filastik da tauri, da kyaun sanyi da zafi forming da walda Properties. Ana amfani da shi galibi don kera kayan aikin bututu mai ƙarfi da madaidaicin sigina, superheaters, reheaters, masu tattalin arziki da bangon ruwa a cikin sashin ƙananan zafin jiki; kamar kananan diamita bututu don dumama surface bututu tare da bango zafin jiki na ≤500 ℃, da ruwa ganuwar Bututu, economizer bututu, da dai sauransu, manyan diamita bututu don tururi bututu da kai (economizer, ruwa bango, low-zazzabi superheater da dai sauransu). reheater header) tare da bango zafin jiki ≤450 ℃, da bututu da matsakaici zazzabi ≤450 ℃ Na'urorin haɗi da dai sauransu Tun da carbon karfe za a graphitized idan an sarrafa na dogon lokaci sama 450 ° C, da dogon lokacin da matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na amfani da dumama. bututun saman ya fi kyau iyakance zuwa ƙasa da 450 ° C. A cikin wannan kewayon zafin jiki, ƙarfin ƙarfe na iya saduwa da buƙatun superheaters da bututun tururi, kuma yana da juriya mai kyau na iskar shaka, ƙarfin filastik, aikin walda da sauran abubuwan sarrafa zafi da sanyi, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai. Karfe da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tanderun Iran (yana nufin raka'a ɗaya) shine bututun gabatarwar najasa (yawan shine ton 28), bututun gabatarwar ruwan tururi (ton 20), bututun haɗin tururi (ton 26), da shugaban tattalin arziki. (ton 8). ), desuperheating ruwa tsarin (5 ton), sauran ana amfani da lebur karfe da albarku kayan (kimanin 86 ton).

SA-210C (25MnG): Matsayin karfe ne a cikin ma'aunin ASME SA-210. Yana da ƙaramin diamita na carbon-manganese don tukunyar jirgi da superheaters, kuma ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na pearlite. Kasar Sin ta dasa shi zuwa GB5310 a shekarar 1995 kuma ta sanya masa suna 25MnG. Abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai mai sauƙi ne sai dai babban abun ciki na carbon da manganese, sauran kuma yana kama da 20G, don haka ƙarfinsa ya kai kusan 20% sama da 20G, kuma filastik da taurinsa suna daidai da 20G. Karfe yana da tsari mai sauƙi na samarwa da kuma kyakkyawan aiki mai sanyi da zafi. Yin amfani da shi maimakon 20G na iya rage kaurin bango da amfani da kayan aiki, A halin yanzu inganta canjin zafi na tukunyar jirgi. Sashin sa na amfani da zafin jiki iri ɗaya ne da 20G, galibi ana amfani da shi don bangon ruwa, tattalin arziƙin ƙasa, superheater mai ƙarancin zafin jiki da sauran abubuwan da zafin aikin su ya yi ƙasa da 500 ℃.

SA-106C: Matsayin karfe ne a cikin ma'aunin ASME SA-106. Bututun karfe ne na carbon-manganese don manyan tukunyar jirgi da superheaters don yawan zafin jiki. Abubuwan sinadaransa suna da sauƙi kuma kama da 20G carbon karfe, amma abin da ke cikin carbon da manganese ya fi girma, don haka ƙarfinsa ya kai kusan 12% sama da na 20G, kuma filastik da taurinsa ba su da kyau. Karfe yana da tsari mai sauƙi na samarwa da kuma kyakkyawan aiki mai sanyi da zafi. Yin amfani da shi don maye gurbin masu kai na 20G (masana tattalin arziki, bangon ruwa, ƙaramin zafin jiki mai zafi da kuma mai ba da labari) na iya rage kaurin bango da kusan 10%, wanda zai iya adana farashin kayan, rage yawan aikin walda, da haɓaka masu kai Bambancin damuwa a farawa. .

15Mo3 (15MoG): Bututun ƙarfe ne a cikin ma'aunin DIN17175. Yana da ƙananan diamita carbon-molybdenum karfe bututu don tukunyar jirgi superheater, A halin yanzu shi ne lu'u-lu'u zafi-ƙarfin karfe. Kasar Sin ta dasa shi zuwa GB5310 a shekarar 1995 kuma ta sanya masa suna 15MoG. Abubuwan sinadaran sa yana da sauƙi, amma yana dauke da molybdenum, don haka yayin da yake ci gaba da aiki iri ɗaya kamar carbon karfe, ƙarfin zafi ya fi carbon karfe. Saboda kyawun aikinsa da ƙarancin farashi, ƙasashe sun karɓe shi sosai a duk faɗin duniya. Duk da haka, da karfe yana da hali na graphitization a cikin dogon lokaci aiki a high zafin jiki, don haka ta amfani da zafin jiki ya kamata a sarrafa a kasa 510 ℃, da kuma adadin Al kara a lokacin smelting ya kamata a iyakance ga sarrafawa da jinkirta graphitization tsari. An fi amfani da wannan bututun ƙarfe don ƙananan zafin jiki masu zafi da ƙananan zafin jiki, kuma zafin bangon yana ƙasa da 510 ℃. Abubuwan sinadaransa shine C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; matakin ƙarfin wuta na al'ada σs≥270-285, σb≥450- 600 MPa; Filastik δ≥22.

SA-209T1a (20MoG): Matsayin karfe ne a cikin ma'aunin ASME SA-209. Yana da ƙananan diamita carbon-molybdenum karfe bututu don tukunyar jirgi da superheaters, kuma shi ne lu'u-lu'u zafi-ƙarfin karfe. Kasar Sin ta dasa shi zuwa GB5310 a shekarar 1995 kuma ta sanya masa suna 20MoG. Abubuwan sinadaran sa yana da sauƙi, amma yana dauke da molybdenum, don haka yayin da yake ci gaba da aiki iri ɗaya kamar carbon karfe, ƙarfin zafi ya fi carbon karfe. Duk da haka, karfe yana da hali zuwa graphitize a cikin dogon lokaci aiki a high zafin jiki, don haka amfani da zafin jiki ya kamata a sarrafa a kasa 510 ℃ da kuma hana kan-zazzabi. A lokacin smelting, adadin Al da aka ƙara ya kamata a iyakance shi don sarrafawa da jinkirta tsarin zane. An fi amfani da wannan bututun ƙarfe don sassa kamar bango mai sanyaya ruwa, superheaters da reheaters, kuma zafin bangon yana ƙasa da 510 ℃. Abubuwan sinadaransa shine C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; daidaitaccen ƙarfin matakin σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; filastik ≥30.

15CrMoG: shine GB5310-95 karfe sa (daidai da 1Cr-1/2Mo da 11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si steels wanda aka yadu a kasashe daban-daban na duniya). Abubuwan da ke cikin chromium ya fi na karfe 12CrMo girma, don haka yana da ƙarfin zafi mafi girma. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce 550 ℃, ƙarfin zafi yana raguwa sosai. Lokacin da aka sarrafa na dogon lokaci a 500-550 ℃, graphitization ba zai faru ba, amma carbide spheroidization da redistribution na alloying abubuwa zai faru, wanda duk kai ga zafi na karfe. Ƙarfin yana raguwa, kuma ƙarfe yana da kyakkyawan juriya na shakatawa a 450 ° C. Ayyukansa na bututu da aikin walda yana da kyau. Yafi amfani da matsayin high da matsakaici matsa lamba tururi bututu da buga kai da tururi sigogi kasa 550 ℃, superheater shambura da tube bango zafin jiki kasa 560 ℃, da dai sauransu Its sinadaran abun da ke ciki ne C0.12-0.18, Si0.17-0.37, Mn0.40- 0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; ƙarfin matakin σs≥ a cikin yanayin yanayi na al'ada 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Plasticity δ≥21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) su ne ASME SA213 (SA335) daidaitattun kayan, waɗanda aka jera a China GB5310-95. A cikin jerin ƙarfe na Cr-Mo, ƙarfin zafinsa yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan, kuma ƙarfin juriya da damuwa da ake iya yarda da shi a yanayin zafi ɗaya ma ya fi na 9Cr-1Mo ƙarfe. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi a cikin wutar lantarki ta waje, makamashin nukiliya da tasoshin matsin lamba. Faɗin aikace-aikace. Amma tattalin arzikinta na fasaha bai kai na 12Cr1MoV na ƙasata ba, don haka ba a yin amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar tukunyar wutar lantarki ta cikin gida. Ana karɓa ne kawai lokacin da mai amfani ya buƙace shi (musamman lokacin da aka ƙirƙira shi da ƙera shi bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ASME). Karfe ba ya kula da maganin zafi, yana da babban filastik mai ɗorewa da kyakkyawan aikin walda. T22 kananan diamita tubes aka yafi amfani da dumama surface bututu ga superheaters da reheaters wanda karfe bango zafin jiki ne kasa 580 ℃, yayin da P22 manyan diamita tubes aka yafi amfani ga superheater / reheater gidajen abinci wanda karfe bango zafin jiki bai wuce 565 ℃. Akwatin da babban bututun tururi. Abubuwan sinadaransa shine C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; ƙarfin matakin σs≥280, σb≥ ƙarƙashin ingantaccen zafin jiki 450-600 MPa; Plasticity δ≥20.

12Cr1MoVG: Yana da GB5310-95 da aka jera karfe, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin matsanancin matsin lamba na gida, matsananciyar matsa lamba, da ma'aunin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, masu kai da manyan bututun tururi. A sinadaran abun da ke ciki da inji Properties ne m guda da na 12Cr1MoV takardar. Abubuwan sinadaran sa suna da sauƙi, jimlar abun ciki na gami bai wuce 2% ba, kuma ƙaramin carbon ne, ƙaramin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na pearlite. Daga cikin su, vanadium zai iya samar da barga carbide VC tare da carbon, wanda zai iya sa chromium da molybdenum a cikin karfe fi son zama a cikin ferrite, da kuma rage gudun canja wurin chromium da molybdenum daga ferrite zuwa carbide, yin karfe Yana da ƙari. barga a babban yanayin zafi. Jimlar adadin alloying abubuwa a cikin wannan karfe ne kawai rabin 2.25Cr-1Mo karfe amfani da ko'ina a kasashen waje, amma da juriya ƙarfi a 580 ℃ da 100,000 h ne 40% mafi girma fiye da na karshen; kuma tsarin samar da shi yana da sauƙi, kuma aikin waldansa yana da kyau. Muddin tsarin kula da zafi yana da tsauri, ana iya samun gamsuwa gabaɗaya da ƙarfin zafi. Ainihin aikin tashar wutar lantarki ya nuna cewa babban bututun tururi mai lamba 12Cr1MoV na iya ci gaba da amfani da shi bayan awanni 100,000 na aiki lafiya a 540°C. A manyan diamita bututu da aka yafi amfani da kai da kuma babban tururi bututu da tururi sigogi kasa 565 ℃, da kuma kananan diamita bututu ana amfani da tukunyar jirgi dumama surface bututu da karfe bango yanayin zafi kasa 580 ℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Matsayin karfe ne a GB5310-95. Ƙarfe ne mai ƙarancin carbon, ƙananan gawa (ƙananan adadin yawa) bainite ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ƙasata ta haɓaka kuma ta haɓaka a cikin 1960s. An haɗa shi a cikin Ma'aikatar Metallurgy Standard YB529 tun daga 1970s -70 da ma'aunin ƙasa na yanzu. A karshen shekarar 1980, karfe ya wuce kima na hadin gwiwa na ma'aikatar karafa, ma'aikatar injina da wutar lantarki. Karfe yana da kyawawan kaddarorin inji, kuma ƙarfin zafinsa da zafin sabis ɗinsa ya zarce na irin wannan ƙarfe na waje, yana kaiwa matakin wasu ƙarfe na chromium-nickel austenitic a 620 ℃. Wannan shi ne saboda akwai nau'o'in nau'o'in abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin karfe, da kuma abubuwa irin su Cr, Si, da dai sauransu waɗanda ke inganta juriya na oxidation kuma ana kara su, don haka matsakaicin zafin sabis zai iya kaiwa 620 ° C. Ainihin aikin tashar wutar lantarki ya nuna cewa tsari da aikin bututun karfe bai canza sosai ba bayan da aka dade yana aiki. Yafi amfani da superheater tube da reheater tube na super high siga tukunyar jirgi tare da karfe zafin jiki ≤620 ℃. Abubuwan sinadaransa shine C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0. 08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; matakin ƙarfin σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa a cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau; filastik δ≥18.

SA-213T91 (335P91): Matsayin karfe ne a cikin ma'aunin ASME SA-213 (335). Wani abu ne na sassan ƙarfin zafin jiki na makamashin nukiliya (wanda kuma ake amfani dashi a wasu yankuna) wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙasa ta Ƙasa ta Amurka ta Rubber Ridge ta haɓaka. Karfe yana dogara ne akan karfe T9 (9Cr-1Mo), kuma yana iyakance ga babba da ƙananan iyakokin abun cikin carbon. , Duk da yake mafi tsananin sarrafa abun ciki na saura abubuwa kamar P da S, alamar 0.030-0.070% na N, wata alama mai karfi carbide kafa abubuwa na 0.18-0.25% na V da 0.06-0.10% na Nb an kara zuwa cimma gyare-gyare Sabon nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i-nau'i-nau'i mai jurewa; shi ne ASME SA-213 da aka jera adadin karfe, kuma China ta dasa karfen zuwa ma'aunin GB5310 a 1995, kuma an saita darajar a matsayin 10Cr9Mo1VNb; kuma an jera ma'auni na duniya ISO/DIS9329-2 azaman X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Saboda babban abun ciki na chromium (9%), juriya na iskar shaka, juriya na lalata, ƙarfin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi da halayen graphitization sun fi ƙananan ƙarfe ƙarfe. Sinadarin molybdenum (1%) galibi yana inganta ƙarfin zafin jiki kuma yana hana ƙarfe chromium. Halin rashin ƙarfi mai zafi; Idan aka kwatanta da T9, ya inganta aikin walda da aikin gajiya na thermal, ƙarfinsa a 600 ° C shine sau uku na karshen, kuma yana kula da kyakkyawan juriya mai zafi na T9 (9Cr-1Mo) karfe; Idan aka kwatanta da bakin karfe na austenitic, yana da ƙananan haɓaka haɓakawa, haɓakar haɓakar thermal mai kyau, da ƙarfin juriya mafi girma (misali, idan aka kwatanta da TP304 austenitic karfe, jira har sai da zafin jiki mai ƙarfi ya kasance 625 ° C, kuma daidaitaccen zafin jiki shine 607 ° C). . Saboda haka, yana da kyau m inji Properties, barga tsarin da yi kafin da kuma bayan tsufa, mai kyau waldi yi da kuma aiwatar yi, high karko da hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya. An fi amfani dashi don superheaters da reheaters tare da zafin jiki na ƙarfe ≤650 ℃ a cikin tukunyar jirgi. Abubuwan sinadaransa shine C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤ 0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; matakin ƙarfin σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa a cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau; filastik δ≥20.