8 Makahiki Exporter ASTM A335 SA335 P5 P9 P22 A213 12cr1movg Cold Drawn Alloy 4 Inch/5 Inch/6 Inch/7 Inch/8 Inch/9 Inch/10 Inch/11 Inch Seamless Steel Pipe/Tube
Ua ʻike mākou i ka mea hana. Ke lanakila nei i ka hapa nui o kāu mau palapala hōʻoia koʻikoʻi o kāna mākeke no 8 Makahiki Exporter ASTM A335 SA335 P5 P9 P22 A213 12cr1movg Cold Drawn Alloy 4 ʻīniha/5 ʻīniha/6 ʻīniha/7 ʻīniha/8 ʻīniha/9 ʻīniha/10 ʻīniha/11 ʻīniha Seamless Steel Pipe/Tube, Hoʻokipa maikaʻi mākou i nā manaʻo, nā hui hui a me nā hoa mai nā wahi a pau o ka honua e launa pū me mākou a noi aku i ka launa pū ʻana no nā pono like.
Ua ʻike mākou i ka mea hana. Ke lanakila nei i ka hapa nui o kāu mau palapala hōʻoia koʻikoʻi o kāna mākeke noPaipu kila Kina 12cr1mo, Paipu kila 12cr2mo, Ina he mea hoihoi ia oe, e hoike mai oe ia makou. E ho'āʻo mākou i ka mea maikaʻi loa e hoʻokō i kāu mau koi me nā mea kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, nā kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa a me ka lawe wikiwiki ʻana. E ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou i kēlā me kēia manawa. E pane ana mākou iā ʻoe ke loaʻa mai kāu mau nīnau. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo he loaʻa nā laʻana ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kā mākou ʻoihana.
Nānā nui
| Kūlana: ASTM A335 | Alloy a ʻAʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P5,P9,P11,P22,P91, P92 Etc. | Noi: Paipu Boiler |
| Mānoanoa: 1 – 100 Mm | Ili lapaau: E like me ka Customer koi |
| Ka Anawaena o waho (Ka puni): 10 – 1000 Mm | ʻenehana: Huki ʻia ʻo Wela/ Hukihuʻu |
| Ka lōʻihi: ka lōʻihi paʻa a i ʻole ka lōʻihi like ʻole | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela: Annealing / Normalizing / Tempering |
| ʻAno ʻāpana: Poe | Pipe Kūikawā: Paipu Pā mānoanoa |
| Kahi i kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: High Pressure Steam Pipe, Boiler and Heat Exchanger |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
Palapala noi
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e hana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka alloy steel boiler pipe, heat exchanged pipe, high pressure steam pipe no ka ʻaila a me ka ʻoihana kemika.
Papa Nui
Papa o ke kiʻekiʻe-koʻikoʻi alloy paipu
5,P9,P11,P22,P91,P92 etc
Mea Kimia
| Papa | UN | C≤ | Mn | P≤ | S≤ | Si≤ | Cr | Mo |
| Sequiv. | ||||||||
| P1 | K11522 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.80 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.50 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
| P2 | K11547 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10-0.30 | 0.50~0.81 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00-6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00-2.00 | 4.00-6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00-6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P9 | S50400 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50-1.00 | 8.00-10.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P11 | K11597 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50-1.00 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P12 | K11562 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 0.80~1.25 | 0.44~0.65 |
| P15 | K11578 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.15~1.65 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
| P21 | K31545 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 2.65~3.35 | 0.80~1.60 |
| P22 | K21590 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 1.90~2.60 | 0.87~1.13 |
| P91 | K91560 | 0.08~0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20~0.50 | 8.00-9.50 | 0.85-1.05 |
| P92 | K92460 | 0.07~0.13 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 8.50-9.50 | 0.30~0.60 |
He inoa hou i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me ka Practice E 527 a me SAE J1086, Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS). Loaʻa i ka papa B 5c ka maʻiʻo titanium ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 4 manawa o ka maʻiʻo kalapona a ʻaʻole i oi aku ma mua o 0.70 %; a i ʻole he maʻiʻo columbium o 8 a 10 manawa o ka maʻiʻo kalapona.
Waiwai Mechanical
| Nā waiwai mīkini | P1,P2 | P12 | P23 | P91 | P92,P11 | P122 |
| Ka ikaika tensile | 380 | 415 | 510 | 585 | 620 | 620 |
| E hāʻawi i ka ikaika | 205 | 220 | 400 | 415 | 440 | 400 |
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela
| Papa | ʻAno Hana Wela | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau ʻo F [C] | Subcritical Annealing or Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | Kaulana Mahana F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (b,c) | Hoʻopiha piha a i ʻole Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Normalize a me ka Mahana | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| Hoʻohui Kūʻē (P5c wale nō) | ***** | 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745] | |
| A335 P9 | Hoʻopiha piha a i ʻole Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Normalize a me ka Mahana | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P11 | Hoʻopiha piha a i ʻole Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Normalize a me ka Mahana | ***** | 1200 [650] | |
| A335 P22 | Hoʻopiha piha a i ʻole Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Normalize a me ka Mahana | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P91 | Normalize a me ka Mahana | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
| Hoʻopiʻi me ka huhū | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i ke anawaena o loko, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o 6 1% mai ke anawaena o loko i ʻōlelo ʻia.
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waho o ke anawaena
| NPS mea koho | in | mm | in | mm |
| 1⁄8a 11⁄2, me | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 a hiki i 4, incl. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a hiki i 8, incl | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, incl. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | 6 1 % o ka mea i hoakakaia waho anawaena |
Koi hoao
Hōʻike Hydraustatic:
Pono e ho'āʻoʻia ka paipu kila me ka hydraulic hoʻokahi. ʻO 20 MPa ka mana hoʻāʻo kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma lalo o ke kaomi ho'āʻo, ʻaʻole i emi iho ka manawa hoʻokūpaʻa ma mua o 10 S, a ʻaʻole pono e kahe ka paipu kila.
Ma hope o ka ʻae ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka Hydraulic Test e ka Eddy Current Testing or Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing.
Ho'āʻo Nondestructive:
ʻO nā paipu e koi ana i ka nānā hou aʻe e pono ke nānā ʻia me ka Ultrasonically. Ma hope o ke kūkākūkā ʻana e koi ʻia ka ʻae ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao a ua kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o ka ʻaelike, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā hoʻāʻo hoʻopōʻino ʻole.
Ho'āʻo palahalaha:
ʻO nā paipu me ka anawaena waho i ʻoi aku ma mua o 22 mm e hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka Delamination, nā kiko keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole nā mea haumia i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua holoʻokoʻa.
Ho'āʻo paʻakikī:
No ka paipu o nā Papa P91, P92, P122, a me P911, Brinell, Vickers, a i ʻole Rockwell e hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ma kahi hōʻailona mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana.
Hoʻāʻo Bend:
No ka paipu nona ke anawaena i oi aku i ka NPS 25 a o kona anawaena me ka manoanoa o ka paia he 7.0 a emi mai paha e hoao ia i ka hoao piko ma kahi o ka hoao palahalaha. Hiki ke hā'awi 'ia ka paipu 'ē a'e i like a 'oi aku paha ma mua o NPS 10 i ka ho'ā'o pi'o ma kahi o ka ho'ā'o palahalaha ma muli o ka 'ae o ka mea kū'ai.
Huahana Huahana
wikiō
Paipu paila
GB/T5310-2017
ASME SA-106/SA-106M-2015
ASTMA210(A210M)-2012
ASME SA-213/SA-213M
ASTM A335/A335M-2018
Ua ʻike mākou i ka mea hana. Ke lanakila nei i ka hapa nui o kāu mau palapala hōʻoia koʻikoʻi o kāna mākeke no 8 Makahiki Exporter ASTM A335 SA335 P5 P9 P22 A213 12cr1movg Cold Drawn Alloy 4 ʻīniha/5 ʻīniha/6 ʻīniha/7 ʻīniha/8 ʻīniha/9 ʻīniha/10 ʻīniha/11 ʻīniha Seamless Carbon Paipu kila / Tube, Hoʻokipa maikaʻi mākou i nā manaʻo, nā hui hui a me nā hoa mai nā wahi a pau o ka honua e launa pū me mākou a noi aku i ka launa pū ʻana no nā pono like.
ASTM A335 P5he paipu wela kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻamau ʻAmelika. ʻO ka paipu Alloy kahi ʻano o ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna hana ma mua o ka pahu kila maʻemaʻe, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o C i kēia ʻano o ka paipu kila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka paipu kila seamless maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu alloy. i ka aila, aerospace, kemika, ka mana uila, ka paila, ka pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Loaʻa i ka paipu Alloy Steel ka nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe ma waho o ke kalapona e like me ka nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium a me nā helu liʻiliʻi o nā mea i ʻae ʻia e like me ka manganese, sulfur, silicon, a me ka phosphorous.
E like me ke kila kila kūloko: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Seamless Steel Pipe Standard for Petroleum Cracking"
- Uku: 30% Waihona, 70% L/C A i ʻole B/L kope a i ʻole 100% L/C ma ka ʻike.
- Min.Order Nui:1 PC
- Hiki ke hoʻolako: Makahiki 20000 Tons Inventory Of Steel Pipe
- Ke alakaʻi manawa: 7-14 mau lā inā i loko o ka waihona, 30-45 mau lā e hana ai
- Hoʻopili: Nalo ʻeleʻele, Bevel a me ka pāpale no kēlā me kēia paipu hoʻokahi; OD Ma lalo o 219mm Pono e hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka pūʻolo, a ʻo kēlā me kēia pūpū ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau tona.
Nānā nui
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy a ʻAʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P5 | Noi: Paipu Boiler |
| Mānoanoa: 1 – 100 Mm | Ili lapaau: E like me ka Customer koi |
| Ka Anawaena o waho (Ka puni): 10 – 1000 Mm | ʻenehana: Huki ʻia ʻo Wela/ Hukihuʻu |
| Ka lōʻihi: ka lōʻihi paʻa a i ʻole ka lōʻihi like ʻole | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela: Annealing / Normalizing / Tempering |
| ʻAno ʻāpana: Poe | Pipe Kūikawā: Paipu Pā mānoanoa |
| Kahi i kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: High Pressure Steam Pipe, Boiler and Heat Exchanger |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
Palapala noi
Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe Alloy Steel Boiler Pipe, Heat Exchanged Pipe, High Pressure Steam Pipe No ka ʻaila a me ka ʻoihana ʻoihana.
Mea Kimia
| Nā haku mele | ʻIkepili |
| UNS Hoʻokohu | K41545 |
| Kalapona(max.) | 0.15 |
| Manganese | 0.30-0.60 |
| Phosphorus(max.) | 0.025 |
| Silika(max.) | 0.50 |
| Chromium | 4.00-6.00 |
| Molybdenum | 0.45-0.65 |
| Nā mea ʻē aʻe | … |
Waiwai Mechanical
| Waiwai | ʻIkepili |
| Ikaika U'i, Min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ka ikaika hua, min, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Elongation, Min, (%), L/T | 30/20 |
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela
| Papa | ʻAno Hana Wela | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau ʻo F [C] | Subcritical Annealing A i ʻole Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | Kaulana Mahana F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (B,C) | Piha A i ʻole Isothermal Anneal | ||
| A335 P5b | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka huhū | ***** | 1250 [675] |
| A335 P5c | ʻO Anneal Subcritical | ***** | 1325 – 1375 [715 - 745] |
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i loko o ke anawaena, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1 % mai ka anawaena o loko i ʻōlelo ʻia.
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waho o ke anawaena
| NPS mea koho | Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi | hoʻomanawanui ʻino | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 a hiki i 11⁄2, Incl | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 i 4, Incl. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, Incl | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, Incl. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | ±1 % o ka mea i hoakakaia Mawaho Anawaena | |||
Koi hoao
Hōʻike Hydraustatic:
Pono e ho'āʻoʻia ka paipu kila me ka hydraulic hoʻokahi. ʻO 20 MPa ka mana hoʻāʻo kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma lalo o ke kaomi ho'āʻo, ʻaʻole i emi iho ka manawa hoʻokūpaʻa ma mua o 10 S, a ʻaʻole pono e kahe ka paipu kila.
Ma hope o ka ʻae ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka Hydraulic Test e ka Eddy Current Testing or Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing.
Ho'āʻo Nondestructive:
ʻO nā paipu e koi ana i ka nānā hou aʻe e pono ke nānā ʻia me ka Ultrasonically. Ma hope o ke kūkākūkā ʻana e koi ʻia ka ʻae ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao a ua kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o ka ʻaelike, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā hoʻāʻo hoʻopōʻino ʻole.
Ho'āʻo palahalaha:
ʻO nā paipu me ka anawaena waho i ʻoi aku ma mua o 22 mm e hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka Delamination, nā kiko keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole nā mea haumia i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua holoʻokoʻa.
Ho'āʻo paʻakikī:
No ka paipu o nā papa P91, P92, P122, a me P911, Brinell, Vickers, a i ʻole Rockwell, e hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ma luna o kahi kikoʻī mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana.
Hoʻāʻo Bend:
No ka paipu nona ka anawaena i oi aku i ka NPS 25 a nona ka anawaena o ka manoanoa o ka paia he 7.0 a emi mai paha e hoao ia i ka hoao Bend ma kahi o ka hoao flattening. ʻO nā paipu ʻē aʻe nona ka anawaena like a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o NPS 10 hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo Bend ma kahi o ka hoʻāʻo flattening ma lalo o ka ʻae ʻana o ka mea kūʻai.
Mea & Hana
Hiki ke wela a huki ʻia paha ka paipu me ka hoʻoponopono wela i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela
- A / N+T
- N+T / Q+T
- N+T
Hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua Mechanical
- ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka Longitudinal Tension Test and Flattening Test, Hardness Test, a i ʻole Bend Test
- No nā mea wela i mālama ʻia i loko o ka umu ahi ʻano pū, e hoʻāʻo ʻia ma ka 5% o ka paipu mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i mālama ʻia. No nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, e hoʻāʻo ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi paipu.
- No ka wela wela i mālama ʻia e ke kaʻina hana mau, e hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ma ka helu kūpono o ka paipu e lilo i 5% o ka hailona, akā ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 2 paipu.
Nā memo no ka ho'āʻo ʻo Bend:
- No ka paipu nona ke anawaena i oi aku i ka NPS 25 a o kona anawaena me ka manoanoa o ka paia he 7.0 a emi mai paha e hoao ia i ka hoao piko ma kahi o ka hoao palahalaha.
- Hiki ke hā'awi 'ia ka paipu 'ē a'e i like ke anawaena a 'oi aku paha ma mua o NPS 10 ma kahi o ka ho'ā'o palahalaha ma muli o ka 'ae o ka mea kū'ai.
- E hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā mea hoʻāʻo piʻo ma ka lumi wela a hiki i 180 me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana ma waho o ka ʻāpana piʻo.
ASTM A335 P5He kūpono nā paipu kila ʻole no ka wai, ka mahu, ka hydrogen, ka ʻaila ʻawaʻawa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.℃; Ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana hana e like me ka aila ʻawaʻawa, maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa sulfur corrosion kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kūlana corrosion sulfur kiʻekiʻe o 288 ~ 550℃.
Kaʻina hana:
1. 'Owili wela (extruded seamless paipu kila): poepoe paipu billet → wela → perforation → ekolu-roll kea olokaa, hoomau olokaa 'ole extrusion → paipu wehe 'ana → nui (ai 'ole e ho'ēmi) → hoʻoluʻu → hoʻopololei → wai kaomi ho'āʻo (aiʻole defect detection). ) → māka → waiho
2. Kiʻi anu (ʻolokaʻa) paipu kila maʻemaʻe: puʻupuʻu pōʻai billet → hoʻomehana → perforation → poʻomanaʻo → annealing → pickling → ʻaila ʻaila (kaupaʻa keleawe) → kiʻi anuanu (cold rolling) → paipu blank → mālama wela → hoʻopololei → wai ho'āʻo kaomi (ʻike hewa) → māka → waiho
Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi:
I loko o ka lewa a me ka ʻenekini no ka hana ʻana i ka aila ʻaila kiʻekiʻe-sulfur,ASTM A335 P5Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu kila ʻole no nā paipu lalo o nā hale kiaʻi a me nā hale kiaʻi, nā umu ahi o ka lewa a me nā kapuahi, nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o ka lewa a me ka ʻaila hoʻololi ʻana i nā laina a me nā ʻaila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā paipu kinoea i loaʻa i ka sulfur.
Ma nā ʻāpana FCC,ASTM A335 P5Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe i ka slurry kiʻekiʻe, catalyst a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā pipelines hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me kekahi mau pipelines sulfur kiʻekiʻe.
I ka hui coking lohi,ASTM A335 P5Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe no ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela wela ma lalo o ka hale kiaʻi coke a me ke kiʻekiʻe wela o ka aila a me ka paipu kinoea ma luna o ka hale kiaʻi coke, ka paipu umu ma lalo o ka umu coke, ka paipu ma lalo o ka hale kiaʻi fracking a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. kiʻekiʻe wela ka aila a me ke kinoea paipu i loko o ka sulfur.
Loaʻa i ka paipu Alloy Steel ka nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe ma waho o ke kalapona e like me ka nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium a me nā helu liʻiliʻi o nā mea i ʻae ʻia e like me ka manganese, sulfur, silicon, a me ka phosphorous..
ASTM A335 P9 he paipu wela kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻamau ʻAmelika. ʻO ka paipu Alloy kahi ʻano o ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna hana ma mua o ka pahu kila maʻemaʻe, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o C i kēia ʻano o ka paipu kila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka paipu kila seamless maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu alloy. i ka aila, aerospace, kemika, ka mana uila, ka paila, ka pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
A335 P9he kila wela wela chromium-molybdenum i hana ʻia e like me ke kūlana ʻAmelika. Ma muli o kona kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa, ka ikaika wela a me ka sulfide corrosion resistance, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka inflammable a me nā paipu pahū o nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka paipu wela o ka umu wela, hiki i ka mahana wela ke hiki i 550 ~ 600 ℃ .
E like me ke kila kila kūloko: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Seamless Steel Pipe Standard for Petroleum Cracking"
Nānā nui
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy a ʻAʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P9 | Noi: Paipu Boiler |
| Mānoanoa: 1 – 100 Mm | Ili lapaau: E like me ka Customer koi |
| Ka Anawaena o waho (Ka puni): 10 – 1000 Mm | ʻenehana: Huki ʻia ʻo Wela/ Hukihuʻu |
| Ka lōʻihi: ka lōʻihi paʻa a i ʻole ka lōʻihi like ʻole | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela: Annealing / Normalizing / Tempering |
| ʻAno ʻāpana: Poe | Pipe Pecial: Paipu Pā mānoanoa |
| Kahi i kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: High Pressure Steam Pipe, Boiler and Heat Exchanger |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
Mea Kimia
ʻO ka hana kemika o nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe no ka haki ʻana o ka ʻaila
| ASTM A335M | C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
| P9 | ≦0.15 | 0.25-1.00 | 0.30-0.60 | ≦0.025 | ≦0.025 | 8.00-10.00 | 0.90-1.10 |
Waiwai Mechanical
| Waiwai | ʻIkepili |
| Ka ikaika uʻi, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ka ikaika hua, min, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Elongation, min, (%), L/T | 14 |
| HB | 180 |
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela
|
Papa | ʻAno Hana Wela | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau ʻo F [C] | Subcritical Annealing A i ʻole Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | |||
| A335 P9 | Piha A i ʻole Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka huhū | ***** | 1250 [675] |
A335 P9hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wela e ka annealing a i ʻole ka hana maʻamau + tempering. He lohi ke kaʻina hana Annealing, hoʻopilikia i ke kaʻina hana, paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana, a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe; No laila, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ka hana maoli i ke kaʻina hana annealing wela, hoʻohana pinepine i ka normalizing + tempering heat treatment ma mua o ke kaʻina hana annealing, e hoʻokō i ka hana ʻoihana.
A335 P9kila no ka mea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā V, Nb a me nā mea microalloying ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana maʻamau ma mua o A335 P91 kila, 950 ~ 1050 ℃, paʻa no 1h, ke kaʻina hana i ka wā maʻamau ka hapa nui o ka carbide i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia akā ʻaʻole i maopopo ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa, akā. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻamau maʻamau ua maʻalahi i ka palaoa austenite coarse: ʻo ka mahana wela he 740-790 ℃, i mea e loaʻa ai ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa, pono e hooloihiia ka manawa mahana hoohuoi.
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i loko o ke anawaena, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1 % mai ka anawaena o loko i ʻōlelo ʻia.
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waho o ke anawaena
| NPS mea koho | Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi | hoʻomanawanui ʻino | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 a hiki i 11⁄2, Incl | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 i 4, Incl. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, Incl | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, Incl. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | ±1 % o ka mea i hoakakaia | |||
Kaʻina hana:
Hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo A335 e like me ke kūlana lako o ka paipu kila Tianjin a me nā ʻano oA335 P9kila P9 ho'āʻo-hana kaʻina hana o ka seamless kila paipu:Hana ʻia ka umu ahi uila → hoʻomaʻemaʻe ladle → hoʻoheheʻe ʻia → hoʻoheheʻe ʻia → hoʻoheheʻe ʻia → hoʻoheheʻe ʻia → hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka pahu → hoʻomehana ʻana o ka pahu → oblique piercing → PQF mau ʻo ka ʻōwili ʻana o ka pahu wili wili → ʻekolu ʻōwili nui → ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana o ka moena → ka hopena o ka paipu. ʻoki → hoʻopololei i ka paipu kila → ʻike leakage flux → hoʻōla wela → hoʻopololei → ʻike hewa kani ultrasonic → hoʻāʻo hydraulic → ka nui a me ka nānā ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona → mālama.
hana hana：
| Helu mea | hana hana | Ka Hana a me ka Mana Pono | |||
| 1 | Halawai makaikai | Minute o ka halawai | |||
| 2 | ASEA-SKF | Hoʻoponopono i ka haku mele | |||
| *Ka helu ʻana i ka haku mele | |||||
| *mahana hoohehee | |||||
| 3 | CCM | billet | |||
| 4 | Nānā mea maka | Ka nānā ʻana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi | |||
| * Ke kūlana hiʻohiʻona: ʻAʻole pono ka ʻili o ka billet i nā hemahema e like me ka scarring, slag, pinholes, māwae, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. | |||||
| 5 | Pumehana hakahaka | ʻO ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā billet i loko o ka umu ahi | |||
| * Mālama i ka mahana wela | |||||
| 6 | ka puka ʻana o ka paipu | ʻOkuʻi me kahi kuʻi papa kuhikuhi/alakaʻi | |||
| *E hoʻomalu i ka mahana i ka wā e hou ai | |||||
| * E hoʻomalu i ka nui ma hope o ka perforation | |||||
| 7 | ʻO Kaʻa Wela | ʻO ka ʻōwili wela ma nā hale wili paipu mau | |||
| * Hoʻonohonoho i ka mānoanoa pā paipu | |||||
| 8 | Nui | E hoʻomalu i ke anawaena o waho a me nā ana mānoanoa o ka paia | |||
| * Hoʻopiha piha i ka anawaena o waho | |||||
| * ʻO ka mīkini mānoanoa pā piha | |||||
| 9 | haku mele | ʻIkepili haku mele | |||
| * Nā ʻae ʻana no ka haku mele ʻana. Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka haku mele ma ka puke mea. | |||||
| 10 | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa + hoʻomaʻamaʻa | Hana ʻia ka mālama wela (normalizing) ma hope o ka ʻōwili wela. Pono ka mālama wela e hoʻomalu i ka mahana a me ka lōʻihi. | |||
| Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, pono e hoʻokō nā waiwai mechanical o ka huahana i ka maʻamau ASTM A335 | |||||
| 11 | hooluolu ea | Moena hoʻomaha ʻanuʻu | |||
| 12 | ʻili ʻili | Ke ʻeli ʻana i ka lōʻihi i ʻōlelo ʻia | |||
| * Ka mana lōʻihi paipu kila | |||||
| 13 | Ka pololei (inā pono) | Kāohi i ka palahalaha. | |||
| Ma hope o ka hoʻopololei ʻana, pono ka pololei e like me ASTM A335 | |||||
| 14 | Nānā a ʻae ʻia | ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nānā ʻana | |||
| * Pono nā ʻae ʻana o ke kila kila me ka ASTM A999 | |||||
| Nānā: ʻO ke anawaena o waho ke ahonui: ±0.75%D | |||||
| * Pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka maʻamau ASTM A999 e pale i ka ʻili maikaʻi ʻole. | |||||
| 15 | ʻike hemahema | * Pono e nānā ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka paipu kila no nā hemahema lōʻihi e like me ISO9303/E213 | |||
| Ka ho'āʻo ultrasonic: | |||||
| 16 | Ho'āʻo waiwai mīkini | (1) Ho'āʻo Tensile (longitudinal) a me ka ho'āʻo palahalaha | |||
| ʻO ka pinepine nānā | 5% / pūʻulu, ma ka liʻiliʻi 2 paipu | ||||
| Min | Max | ||||
| P9 | Ka ikaika hua (Mpa) | 205 | |||
| ikaika uʻi (MPa) | 415 | ||||
| ʻO ka elongation | Wahi a ASTM A335 maʻamau | ||||
| Hoʻokolohua hoʻopololei | Wahi a ASTM A999 maʻamau | ||||
| (2) Hoao paakiki | |||||
| Ka pinepine ho'āʻo: like me ka ho'āʻo tensile | 1 ʻāpana / ʻāpana | ||||
| HV&HRC | ≤250HV10&≤25 HRC HV10≤250&HRC≤25 | ||||
| 'Ōlelo Aʻo: Vickers paakiki ho'āʻo maʻamau: ISO6507 a ASTM E92; | |||||
| ʻO ke kūlana hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell: ISO6508 a i ʻole ASTM E18 | |||||
| 17 | NDT | E ho'āʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu kila e like me nā koi o nā ʻano hoʻokolohua E213, E309 a i ʻole E570. | |||
| 18 | hoʻāʻo paʻa wai | ʻO ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic e like me ka ASTM A999, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana | |||
| 19 | bevel | ʻO ka beveling kūpono o nā welau ʻelua o ka paipu kila e like me ASTM B16.25fig.3(a) | |||
| 20 | Ana o ke kaumaha a me ka loa | *Ka hoʻomanawanui kaumaha hoʻokahi: -6%~ +4%. | |||
| 21 | Kūlana paipu | E hōʻailona ʻia ka ʻili o waho o ka paipu kila e like me ka maʻamau ASTM A335 a me nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku. Penei ka hoailona ana. | |||
| “Loihi Kaumaha TPCO ASTM A335 Makahiki-Mahina Ana P9 S LT**C ***MPa/NDE Heat Number Lot Number Tube Number | |||||
| 22 | pena | Ua pena ʻia ka ʻili o waho o ka paipu e like me ke kūlana o ka hale hana | |||
| 23 | pāpale hope paipu | ** Pono e loaʻa nā pāpale plastik ma nā kihi ʻelua o kēlā me kēia paipu | |||
| 24 | papa inoa mea | *Pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka puke waiwai e like me EN10204 3.1. "Pono e hōʻike ʻia ka PO mea kūʻai aku ma ka puke waiwai. | |||
ASTM A335 P11 he paipu wela kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻamau ʻAmelika. ʻO ka paipu Alloy kahi ʻano o ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna hana ma mua o ka pahu kila maʻemaʻe, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o C i kēia ʻano o ka paipu kila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka paipu kila seamless maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu alloy. i ka aila, aerospace, kemika, ka mana uila, ka paila, ka pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Nānā nui
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy a ʻAʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P11 | Noi: Paipu Boiler |
| Mānoanoa: 1 – 100 Mm | Ili lapaau: E like me ka Customer koi |
| Ka Anawaena o waho (Ka puni): 10 – 1000 Mm | ʻenehana: Huki ʻia ʻo Wela/ Hukihuʻu |
| Ka lōʻihi: ka lōʻihi paʻa a i ʻole ka lōʻihi like ʻole | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela: Annealing / Normalizing / Tempering |
| ʻAno ʻāpana: Poe | Pipe Pecial: Paipu Pā mānoanoa |
| Kahi i kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: High Pressure Steam Pipe, Boiler and Heat Exchanger |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
Mea Kimia
ʻO ka hana kemika o nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe no ka haki ʻana o ka ʻaila
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P11 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5-1.00 | 0.30-0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.44-0.65 |
Waiwai Mechanical
| Waiwai | ʻIkepili |
| Ka ikaika uʻi, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ka ikaika hua, min, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela
|
Papa | ʻAno Hana Wela | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau ʻo F [C] | Subcritical Annealing A i ʻole Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | |||
| A335 P11 | Piha A i ʻole Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka huhū | ***** | 1250[650] |
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i loko o ke anawaena, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1 % mai ka anawaena o loko i ʻōlelo ʻia.
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waho o ke anawaena
| NPS mea koho | Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi | hoʻomanawanui ʻino | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 a hiki i 11⁄2, Incl | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 i 4, Incl. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, Incl | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, Incl. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | ±1 % o ka mea i hoakakaia | |||
ASTM A335 P22he paipu kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia no ka hoʻohana ferritic wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka paipu Alloy kahi ʻano o ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna hana ma mua o ka pahu kila maʻemaʻe, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o C i kēia ʻano o ka paipu kila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka paipu kila seamless maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu alloy. i ka aila, aerospace, kemika, ka mana uila, ka paila, ka pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Nānā nui
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy a ʻAʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P22 | Noi: Paipu Boiler |
| Mānoanoa: 1 – 100 Mm | Ili lapaau: E like me ka Customer koi |
| Ka Anawaena o waho (Ka puni): 10 – 1000 Mm | ʻenehana: Huki ʻia ʻo Wela/ Hukihuʻu |
| Ka lōʻihi: ka lōʻihi paʻa a i ʻole ka lōʻihi like ʻole | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela: Annealing / Normalizing / Tempering |
| ʻAno ʻāpana: Poe | Pipe Pecial: Paipu Pā mānoanoa |
| Kahi i kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: High Pressure Steam Pipe, Boiler and Heat Exchanger |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
Mea Kimia
ʻO ka hana kemika o nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe no ka haki ʻana o ka ʻaila
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P22 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.90-2.60 | 0.87-1.13 |
Waiwai Mechanical
| Waiwai | ʻIkepili |
| Ka ikaika uʻi, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Ka ikaika hua, min, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela
|
Papa | ʻAno Hana Wela | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau ʻo F [C] | Subcritical Annealing A i ʻole Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | |||
| A335 P22 | Piha A i ʻole Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka huhū | ***** | 1250[650] |
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i loko o ke anawaena, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1 % mai ka anawaena o loko i ʻōlelo ʻia.
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waho o ke anawaena
| NPS mea koho | Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi | hoʻomanawanui ʻino | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 a hiki i 11⁄2, Incl | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 i 4, Incl. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, Incl | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, Incl. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | ±1 % o ka mea i hoakakaia | |||
ʻO A335 P22 he 2.25Cr-1Mo Chromium-molybdenum kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ferritic kila no nā boilers a me nā superheaters,ASTM A335/A335Mmaʻamau. I ka makahiki 1985, ua hoʻololi ʻia i GB5310 a kapa ʻia ʻo 12Cr2MoG. Loaʻa i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe nā māka kila like, e like me ka Federal Republic of Germany 10CrMo910 a me Iapana STBA24. I loko o ka cr-1Mo steel series, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona ikaika wela, ma lalo o ka mahana like (ka wela≤580℃) ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona ikaika haʻihaʻi a me ke koʻikoʻi i ʻae ʻia ma mua o ke kila 9CR-1Mo, a he hana maikaʻi kāna hana a me ka hana kuʻi ʻana, ka plasticity lōʻihi maikaʻi. No laila, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o ka ʻoihana hana koʻikoʻi, e like me ka mana wela, ka mana nuklea a me kekahi mau mea hydrogen i nā paipu hoʻomehana like ʻole a me nā kīʻaha kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAe ʻia ka mahana: A335P22 (SA-213T22) i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma 300,600MW a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe o ka mana nui o ka mea kanu boiler tube pā wela.≤580℃ka wela wela a me ka wela o ka paia paipu & LT;540℃paipu mahu paia a me ke poʻo, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano kila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana a me ʻEulopa, he mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu mana, he hana paʻa, hana maikaʻi ka hana o ke kila makua.
12Cr1MoV kila no ka chromium-molybdenum vanadium kila vanadium kila, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka paipu kila 12Cr1MoV/GB5310. Hoʻohana nui ʻia, ʻo ia ka mahana ma 480℃~580℃wahi wela kiʻekiʻe me kekahi o nā mea nui loa. 12Cr1MoVG kila paipu lawelawe wela: ua hoʻohana nui ia no ke kila nui o ka superheater paipu, poʻo a me ka mahu paipu o kiʻekiʻe puʻupuʻu boiler nona ka paipu pā wela emi ma mua o 580.℃.
Kaʻina hana: ho'āʻo paʻakikī:
1. 'Owili wela (extruded seamless paipu kila): poepoe paipu billet → wela → perforation → ekolu-roll kea olokaa, hoomau olokaa 'ole extrusion → paipu wehe 'ana → nui (ai 'ole e ho'ēmi) → hoʻoluʻu → hoʻopololei → wai kaomi ho'āʻo (aiʻole defect detection). ) → māka → waiho
2. Kiʻi anu (ʻolokaʻa) paipu kila maʻemaʻe: puʻupuʻu pōʻai billet → hoʻomehana → perforation → poʻomanaʻo → annealing → pickling → ʻaila ʻaila (kaupaʻa keleawe) → kiʻi anuanu (cold rolling) → paipu blank → mālama wela → hoʻopololei → wai ho'āʻo kaomi (ʻike hewa) → māka → waiho
Hoʻopili:
Hoʻopaʻa haʻahaʻa/puʻi puʻupuʻu/puʻi pahu/pale lāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o nā paipu a mālama pono ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i ke kai kūpono a i ʻole ke noi ʻia.
Nānā nui
P92 maʻamau kiʻekiʻe wela wela paipu seamless alloy paipu.
| Kūlana:ASTM A335 | Alloy a ʻAʻole: Alloy |
| Pūʻulu Papa: P92 | Noi: Paipu Boiler |
| Mānoanoa: 1 – 100 Mm | Ili lapaau: E like me ka Customer koi |
| Ka Anawaena o waho (Ka puni): 10 – 1000 Mm | ʻenehana: Huki ʻia ʻo Wela/ Hukihuʻu |
| Ka lōʻihi: ka lōʻihi paʻa a i ʻole ka lōʻihi like ʻole | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela: Annealing / Normalizing / Tempering |
| ʻAno ʻāpana: Poe | Pipe Pecial: Paipu Pā mānoanoa |
| Kahi i kumu: Kina | Hoʻohana: High Pressure Steam Pipe, Boiler and Heat Exchanger |
| Palapala hōʻoia: ISO9001:2008 | Hoʻāʻo: ET/UT |
Mea Kimia
ʻO ka hana kemika o nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe no ka haki ʻana o ka ʻaila
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P92 | 0.07-0.13 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 8.50-9.5 | 0.30-0.60 |
Waiwai Mechanical
| Waiwai | ʻIkepili |
| Ka ikaika uʻi, min, (MPa) | 620 Mpa |
| Ka ikaika hua, min, (MPa) | 440Mpa |
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela
|
Papa | ʻAno Hana Wela | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau ʻo F [C] | Subcritical Annealing A i ʻole Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, a me P22 | |||
| A335 P92 | Piha A i ʻole Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka huhū | ***** | 1250[675] |
Hoʻomanawanui
No ka paipu i kauoha ʻia i loko o ke anawaena, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1 % mai ka anawaena o loko i ʻōlelo ʻia.
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waho o ke anawaena
| NPS mea koho | Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi | hoʻomanawanui ʻino | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8 a hiki i 11⁄2, Incl | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ma luna o 11⁄2 i 4, Incl. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 4 a 8, Incl | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 8 a 12, Incl. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ma luna o 12 | ±1 % o ka mea i hoakakaia | |||
