ʻO ka hoʻohana ākea o nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe i ka ʻoihana a me nā kahua kūkulu e hana nui i kāna mau kūlana a me nā koi o ka maikaʻi. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "pipa maʻamau ʻekolu" pili i nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe e kū ana i ʻekolu mau kūlana honua, maʻamau meAPI(American Petroleum Institute),ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) aASME(American Society of Mechanical Engineers) kūlana. ʻO kēia ʻano paipu kila ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hoʻololi ʻana ma muli o kāna mau kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me nā palapala hōʻoia he nui, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me ka aila, ke kinoea maoli, nā kemika, a me ka uila.

ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu kila maʻamau API ma ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea, a ʻo kāna mau kūlana nuiAPI 5LaAPI 5CT. Hoʻopili ka API 5L maʻamau i nā koi hana o nā pipeline hoʻouna e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana o nā pipeline ma ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi corrosive. Hoʻokumu ka API 5CT maʻamau i ka pahu aila a me nā paipu e hōʻoia i ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi o nā pipeline i ka wā wili a me ka hana ʻana. Loaʻa ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi ʻo API maʻamau.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo nā paipu kila maʻamau maʻamau ʻo ASTM e uhi i nā māla ʻoihana he nui, me nā boilers, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā hale kūkulu hale, etc.ASTM A106aASTM A53 he mau kūlana hōʻike. Ua kūpono ka ASTM A106 seamless steel pipe no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana paipu wela kiʻekiʻe i nā mea kanu mana, refineries a me nā mea kanu kemika. He kūpono ka paipu kila ʻole ASTM A53 no ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, me ka wai, ka ea a me ka mahu. Hōʻike paʻa kēia mau maʻamau i ka hui kemika, nā waiwai mechanical a me nā dimensional tolerances o nā paipu kila e hōʻoia i ko lākou hilinaʻi i nā noi like ʻole.

ʻO ka hope, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu kila maʻamau ASME no nā paila a me nā moku kaomi. ʻO ASME B31.3 a me ASME B31.1 nā kūlana koʻikoʻi ʻelua e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻolālā a me nā pono hana o nā ʻōnaehana paipu ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokumu ka maʻamau ASME i ka palekana a me ka hana lōʻihi o nā paipu kila a kūpono i nā manawa e koi ai i ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka palekana, e like me nā mea kanu nuklea, nā mea kanu kemika a me nā lako ʻoihana nui.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o nā paipu maʻamau ʻekolu aia i kā lākou mau palapala hōʻoia a me ka hoʻohana ākea. Ma muli o ko lākou hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana API, ASTM a me ASME i ka manawa like, hiki i kēia ʻano paipu kila maʻemaʻe ke hoʻokō i nā koi koʻikoʻi o nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole a kūpono i nā kūlana hana paʻakikī. Inā ma ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ka wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka corrosive environment, hiki i nā paipu maʻamau ʻekolu ke hōʻike i ka hana maikaʻi loa e hōʻoia i ka hana palekana a paʻa o ka ʻōnaehana.

I ka pōkole, ma ke ʻano he huahana kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe, ua lilo nā paipu maʻamau ʻekolu i mea koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana a me nā kahua kūkulu me kā lākou mau palapala hōʻoia maʻamau a me ka hana maikaʻi loa. ʻAʻole hoʻomaikaʻi wale kāna noi ākea i ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o nā papahana, akā hoʻolaha pū i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana hou o ka ʻenehana mea kila. ʻO ke kohoʻana i nā paipu maʻamauʻekolu,ʻaʻole ia he hōʻoiaʻiʻo wale nō o ka maikaʻi, akā, he kūpaʻa hoʻi i ka paʻa lōʻihi a me ka palekana o ka papahana.