ʻO ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe ʻole no nā paila he ʻano o ka paila paila a no ka ʻāpana o nā paipu kila ʻole. ʻO keʻano o ka hanaʻana e like me nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe, akā aia nā koi koʻikoʻi no keʻano o ke kila i hoʻohanaʻia i ka hanaʻana i nā paipu kila. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu kila seamless no nā paila ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe. Ma lalo o ka hana o ke kinoea flue wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahu wai, e oxidize a corrode nā paipu. Pono nā paipu kila e loaʻa ka ikaika mau loa, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka oxidation a me ka corrosion, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu kila ʻole no nā paila no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kiʻekiʻe, nā paipu mahu nui, etc.

ʻO nā paipu paila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me waenaGB3087 anā paipu ʻaʻohe pailaʻO GB5310 nā mea waiwai kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu mahu superheated, nā paipu wai paila no nā paila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā hale like ʻole, nā paipu mahu superheated no nā locomotive boilers, nā paipu uahi nui, nā paipu uwahi liʻiliʻi a me nā paipu brick arch. ʻO nā paipu kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me ka huki anu (ʻōwili) ke kila kila ʻole.Paipu kila maʻemaʻe ʻole o ka hale (GB/T8162)he paipu kila ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia no nā hale maʻamau a me nā hale mīkini.ʻO nā paipu paila kiʻekiʻe ASME SA-106 (GR.B, GR.C)aASTM A210hoʻohana ʻia no nā paipu paila a me nā ʻauheʻe paila. ʻO nā paipu, me nā puʻupuʻu palekana palekana a me nā paipu strut a me nā paipu kila kalapona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi no nā paipu superheater,ASME SA-213, ferritic maʻemaʻe a me austenitic no nā boiler, superheaters a me nā mea hoʻololi wela Alloy steel pipe,ASTM A335 P5, P9, P11, P12, P22, P9, P91, P92, ferritic alloy seamless kila paipu no ka wela wela.

Nā kikoʻī a me ka hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi: GB5310-2017 "Seamless Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Boilers" ʻO ke anawaena o waho o nā paipu wela ka 22 a 530mm, a ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka pā mai 20 a 70mm. ʻO ke anawaena o waho o nā paipu anu (cold-rolled) mai 10 a 108mm, a ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka pā mai ka 2.0 a 13.0mm.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu ʻole no nā boiler i nā māka kila

(1) Loaʻa ka 20G, 20MnG, a me 25MnG i nā māka kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe.

(2) Alloy structural steel steel grades15MoG, 20MoG, 12CrMoG,15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12CrMoVG, etc.