Nā kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo "

Nui nā maʻamau no nā huahana Steel ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea:

ANSI maʻamau ʻAmelika

AISI American Institute of Iron and Steel standards

ʻO ke kūlana ASTM o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no nā Mea Hana a me ka Hoʻāʻo

Kūlana ASME

AMS Aerospace Material Specification (kekahi o nā mea kiko'ī maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana aerospace US, i hoʻomohala ʻia e SAE)

API American Petroleum Institute maʻamau

Nā Kūlana AWS AWS

SAE SAE Society of Motor Engineers standard

MIL Us Koa kūlana

QQ iā mākou ke kūlana aupuni federal

ʻO ka pōkole maʻamau no nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe

ISO: International Organization for Standardization

BSI: British Standards Institute

DIN: Hui Kūlana Kelemānia

AFNOR: ʻAhahui Farani no ka Hoʻohālikelike

JIS: Nānā Kūlana Kūlana Kepanī

EN: Kūlana ʻEulopa

GB: Ke kūlana aupuni koʻikoʻi o ka Lepupalika Kanaka o Kina

GB/T: Manaʻo ʻia ke kūlana aupuni o ka Lepupalika Kānaka o Kina

GB/Z: Palapala ʻenehana no ka National Standardization Guidance of the People's Republic of China

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā pōkole

SMLS: Paipu kila kuhili ʻole

ERW: Uila Kū'ē Kū'ē

EFW: Hoʻohui uila

SAW: Hoʻoheheʻe Arc Submerged

SAWL: Longitudinal submerged arc welding Longitude

SAWH: Ke kuʻekuʻe wāwae submerged arc

SS: kila kila

Hoʻohana maʻamau ka hoʻopili hope

Joseph t. : palahalaha laula

BE : Piʻi hope loa

Uila hope Thread

BW: Puka welded welau

Kāpena Kāpena

NPT: Lahui paipu kaula