20G: ʻO ia ka helu kila i helu ʻia o GB5310-95 (e pili ana i nā hōʻailona haole: st45.8 ma Kelemānia, STB42 ma Iapana, a me SA106B ma United States).ʻO ia ke kila maʻamau no nā paipu kila boiler.ʻO ka hoʻohui kemika a me nā waiwai mechanical he mea like ia me nā pā kila he 20.He ikaika ko ke kila ma ka mahana maʻamau a me ka mahana a me ke kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa carbon content, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī, a me ke anuanu maikaʻi a me ka wela a me nā waiwai wili.Hoʻohana nui ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe-parameter boiler pipe fittings, superheaters, reheaters, economizers a me nā paia wai ma ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa;e like me nā paipu liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā paipu ili me ka pā wela o ≤500 ℃, a me nā paia wai Paipu, nā paipu economizer, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. reheater header) me ka pā wela ≤450 ℃, a me nā pipelines me ka mahana wela ≤450 ℃ Nā mea pono a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka paipu honua ma lalo o 450°C.I loko o kēia pae wela, hiki i ka ikaika o ke kila ke hoʻokō i nā koi o nā superheaters a me nā paipu mahu, a he kūpaʻa maikaʻi ka oxidation, paʻakikī palaki, hana kuʻi ʻana a me nā mea hana wela a me ke anu, a hoʻohana nui ʻia.ʻO ke kila i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka umu ahi Iran (e pili ana i kahi ʻāpana hoʻokahi) ʻo ia ka paipu hoʻokomo wai (ʻo ka nui he 28 tons), ka paipu hoʻokomo wai wai (20 tons), ka paipu pili mahu (26 tons), a me ke poʻo economizer. (8 tona).), ʻōnaehana wai desuperheating (5 tons), hoʻohana ʻia ke koena e like me ke kila pālahalaha a me nā mea boom (ma kahi o 86 tons).

SA-210C (25MnG): ʻO ia ke kila kila ma ke kūlana ASME SA-210.ʻO ia ka pahu kalapona-manganese kila liʻiliʻi no nā paila a me nā mea hoʻomehana nui, a he kila ikaika ikaika o ka pearlite.Ua hoʻololi ʻo Kina iā GB5310 i ka makahiki 1995 a kapa ʻia ʻo 25MnG.He mea maʻalahi kona mea kemika koe wale no ka nui o ke kalapona a me ka manganese, ua like ke koena me 20G, no laila, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona hua ma kahi o 20% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 20G, a ua like kona plasticity a me ka paʻakikī me 20G.He hana maʻalahi ke kila a me ke anuanu a me ka hana wela.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia ma kahi o 20G hiki ke hōʻemi i ka mānoanoa o ka pā a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea waiwai, ʻoiai e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻoili wela o ka paila.ʻO kāna ʻāpana hoʻohana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahana he mea like ia me 20G, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka pā wai, economizer, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i haʻahaʻa ka mahana hana ma mua o 500 ℃.

SA-106C: ʻO ia ke kila kila ma ka maʻamau ASME SA-106.He paipu kila kalapona-manganese no nā boiler nui-caliber a me nā superheater no ka wela kiʻekiʻe.He mea maʻalahi kona haku mele a like me ke kila kalapona 20G, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona kalapona a me ka manganese, no laila ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona hoʻoulu ʻana ma kahi o 12% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka 20G, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi kona plasticity a me ka paʻakikī.He hana maʻalahi ke kila a me ke anuanu a me ka hana wela.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia e hoʻololi i nā poʻomanaʻo 20G (economizer, pā wai, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa superheater a me reheater poʻo) hiki ke hoʻemi i ka mānoanoa o ka pā ma kahi o 10%, hiki ke mālama i nā kumukūʻai waiwai, hoʻemi i ka hana wili, a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā poʻo. .

15Mo3 (15MoG): He paipu kila ia ma ke kūlana DIN17175.He paipu kila kalapona-molybdenum liʻiliʻi no ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui o ka paila, I kēia manawa he kila ikaika ikaika o ka pearlitic.Ua hoʻololi ʻo Kina iā GB5310 i ka makahiki 1995 a kapa ʻia ʻo 15MoG.He mea maʻalahi kona ʻano kemika, akā aia ka molybdenum, no laila ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka hana like me ke kila kalapona, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka wela ma mua o ke kila kalapona.Ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia e nā ʻāina a puni ka honua.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kila ke ʻano o ka graphitization i ka hana lōʻihi ma ke kiʻekiʻe wela, no laila e hoʻomalu ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahana ma lalo o 510 ℃, a ʻo ka nui o Al i hoʻohui ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana e kaupalena ʻia e kāohi a hoʻopaneʻe i ke kaʻina hana graphitization.Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia paipu kila no nā superheaters haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā wela wela haʻahaʻa, a ʻo ka pā wela ma lalo o 510 ℃.ʻO kona haku mele C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35;pae ikaika ahi maʻamau σs≥270-285, σb≥450- 600 MPa;Palaki δ≥22.

SA-209T1a (20MoG): ʻO ia ke kila kila ma ka maʻamau ASME SA-209.He paipu kila carbon-molybdenum liʻiliʻi no nā paila a me nā mea hoʻomehana nui, a he kila ikaika ikaika o ka pearlite.Ua hoʻololi ʻo Kina iā GB5310 i ka makahiki 1995 a kapa ʻia ʻo 20MoG.He mea maʻalahi kona ʻano kemika, akā aia ka molybdenum, no laila ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka hana like me ke kila kalapona, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka wela ma mua o ke kila kalapona.Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ke kila ke graphitize i ka hana lōʻihi ma ke kiʻekiʻe wela, no laila e hoʻomalu ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahana ma lalo o 510 ℃ a pale i ka over-temperature.I ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, pono e kaupalena ʻia ka nui o Al i hoʻohui ʻia e kaohi a hoʻopaneʻe i ke kaʻina hana graphitization.Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia paipu kila no nā ʻāpana e like me nā pā i hoʻoluʻu ʻia i ka wai, superheaters a me reheater, a ʻo ka pā wela ma lalo o 510 ℃.ʻO kona haku mele C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65;pae ikaika maʻamau σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa;ʻilikai δ≥30.

15CrMoG: ʻo ia ka papa kila GB5310-95 (e like me 1Cr-1/2Mo a me 11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si steels i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻāina like ʻole a puni ka honua).ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna ʻike chromium ma mua o ke kila 12CrMo, no laila ʻoi aku ka ikaika wela.Ke ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 550 ℃, hoʻemi nui ʻia kona ikaika wela.Ke hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma 500-550 ℃, ʻaʻole e kū mai ka graphitization, akā e kū mai ka carbide spheroidization a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui, e alakaʻi ana i ka wela o ke kila.Hoʻemi ʻia ka ikaika, a he kūpaʻa hoʻomaha maikaʻi ke kila ma 450 ° C.He maikaʻi kāna hana paipu a me ke kaʻina hana kuʻi.Hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā paipu mahu a me nā poʻomanaʻo me nā ʻāpana mahu ma lalo o 550 ℃, nā paipu superheater me ka mahana o ka paia ma lalo o 560 ℃, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. 0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55;pae ikaika σs≥ i loko o ke kūlana maʻamau 235, σb≥440-640 MPa;Palaki δ≥21.

ʻO T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) nā mea maʻamau o ASME SA213 (SA335), i helu ʻia ma Kina GB5310-95.I loko o ka Cr-Mo kila moʻo, kona thermal ikaika mea kiʻekiʻe, a me kona hoomanawanui ikaika a me allowable kaumaha ma ka ia wela oi aku mamua o 9Cr-1Mo kila.No laila, hoʻohana ʻia i ka mana wela o nā ʻāina ʻē, ka mana nuklea a me nā moku kaomi.Laulā o nā noi.Akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi kona ʻenehana ʻenehana e like me ka 12Cr1MoV o koʻu ʻāina, no laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka hana ʻana i ka paila wela wela.Hoʻohana wale ʻia ia i ka wā e noi ai ka mea hoʻohana iā ia (ʻoi loa ke hoʻolālā ʻia a hana ʻia e like me nā kikoʻī ASME).ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke kila i ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, loaʻa ka plasticity lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana kuʻi ʻana maikaʻi.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻo T22 ma ke ʻano he wela wela no nā superheaters a me nā reheater nona ka mahana o ka pā metala ma lalo o 580 ℃, aʻo ka P22 nui-diameter tubes e hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā hui superheater / reheater nona ka pā metala ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 565 ℃.Pahu a me ka paipu mahu nui.ʻO kona haku mele C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13;pae ikaika σs≥280, σb≥ ma lalo o ka 450-600 MPa maikaʻi;Palaki δ≥20.

12Cr1MoVG: ʻO ia ka GB5310-95 i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o ka home kiʻekiʻe, ultra-high pressure, a me nā subcritical power station boiler superheaters, poʻo a me nā paipu mahu.ʻO ka hui kemika a me nā waiwai mechanical e like me nā mea o ka pepa 12Cr1MoV.He mea maʻalahi kona haku mele, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā mea hao ma mua o 2%, a he kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa-alloy pearlite ikaika wela.I waena o lākou, hiki i ka vanadium ke hana i kahi carbide paʻa VC me ke kalapona, hiki ke hana i ka chromium a me ka molybdenum i ke kila i makemake nui ʻia i loko o ka ferrite, a lohi i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka chromium a me ka molybdenum mai ka ferrite i ka carbide, e hana ana i ke kila. paʻa i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui i loko o kēia kila he hapalua wale nō o ke kila 2.25Cr-1Mo i hoʻohana nuiʻia ma waho, akāʻo kona ikaika hoʻomanawanui ma 580 ℃ a me 100,000 h he 40% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hope;a he maʻalahi kāna hana hana, a maikaʻi kāna hana kuʻi.I ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina hana wela, hiki ke loaʻa ka hana holoʻokoʻa ʻoluʻolu a me ka ikaika wela.Hōʻike ka hana maoli o ka mana mana e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka 12Cr1MoV main pipeline ma hope o 100,000 mau hola o ka hana palekana ma 540 ° C.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu anawaena nui ma ke ʻano he poʻo a me nā paipu mahu nui me nā ʻāpana mahu ma lalo o 565 ℃, a hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka paila me ka wela o nā paia metala ma lalo o 580 ℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): He kila kila ma GB5310-95.He kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa-alloy (liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka nui) bainite ikaika ikaika kila i kūkulu ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia e koʻu ʻāina i nā makahiki 1960.Ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Ministry of Metallurgy Standard YB529 mai ka 1970s -70 a me ke kūlana aupuni o kēia manawa.I ka hopena o 1980, ua hala ke kila i ka loiloi hui ʻana o ka Ministry of Metallurgy, ka Ministry of Machinery and Electric Power.Loaʻa i ke kila nā waiwai mechanical piha, a ʻoi aku kona ikaika wela a me ka mahana lawelawe ma mua o nā kila haole like, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau kila austenitic chromium-nickel ma 620 ℃.ʻO kēia no ka mea he nui nā ʻano mea hoʻohui i loko o ke kila, a me nā mea e like me Cr, Si, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pale ʻana o ka oxidation i hoʻohui pū ʻia, no laila hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ka wela o ka lawelawe i 620 ° C.ʻO ka hana maoli o ka mana mana i hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho a me ka hana o ka paipu kila ʻaʻole i loli nui ma hope o ka hana lōʻihi.Hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me ka ʻūhā superheater a me ka paipu reheater o ka paila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka mahana metala ≤620 ℃.ʻO kona hui kemika C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0. 08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008;pae ikaika σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa ma ke kūlana hoʻoluhi maikaʻi;ʻilikai δ≥18.

SA-213T91 (335P91): ʻO ia ke kila kila ma ke kūlana ASME SA-213 (335).He mea ia no nā ʻāpana kaomi wela kiʻekiʻe o ka mana nuklea (hoʻohana pū ʻia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe) i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka Rubber Ridge National Laboratory o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kila ma luna o ke kila T9 (9Cr-1Mo), a ua kaupalena ʻia i nā palena luna a me lalo o ka ʻike kalapona., ʻOiai e hoʻopaʻa pono ana i ka ʻike o nā mea koena e like me P a me S, he trace o 0.030-0.070% o N, kahi ʻāpana o nā mea hana carbide ikaika o 0.18-0.25% o V a me 0.06-0.10% o Nb i hoʻohui ʻia i. hoʻokō hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻO ke ʻano hou o ka ferritic heat-resistant alloy steel i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā koi palaoa;ʻo ia ka papa kila ASME SA-213, a ua hoʻololi ʻo Kina i ke kila i ke kūlana GB5310 i ka makahiki 1995, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka papa e like me 10Cr9Mo1VNb;a ua helu ʻia ke kūlana honua ISO/ DIS9329-2 e like me X10 CrMoVNb9-1.Ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe chromium maʻiʻo (9%), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona pale ʻana i ka oxidation, corrosion resistance, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika o ka mahana a me ka ʻole o ka graphitization ma mua o nā hao hao haʻahaʻa.ʻO ka mea molybdenum (1%) ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a kāohi i ke kila chromium.ʻO ke ʻano brittleness wela;Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me T9, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ka hana kuʻi ʻana a me ka hana hoʻoluhi wela, ʻo kona lōʻihi ma 600 ° C ʻekolu mau manawa o ka hope, a mālama i ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion resistance kiʻekiʻe o ke kila T9 (9Cr-1Mo);Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka austenitic stainless steel, he liʻiliʻi hoʻonui coefficient, maikaʻi thermal conductivity, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika hoʻomanawanui (no ka laʻana, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me TP304 austenitic steel, e kali a hiki i ka mahana ikaika he 625 ° C, a ʻo ka mahana kaumaha like ʻo 607 ° C) .No laila, loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai mechanical piha maikaʻi, ka hoʻolālā paʻa a me ka hana ma mua a ma hope o ka ʻelemakule, maikaʻi ka hana kuʻi ʻana a me ke kaʻina hana, ka lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation.Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka superheaters a me ka reheater me ka mahana metala ≤650 ℃ i loko o nā paila.ʻO kona hui kemika C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤ 0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07;pae ikaika σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa i ke kūlana hoʻoluhi maikaʻi;ʻilikai δ≥20.