Cov pa roj carbon (C): Cov ntsiab lus carbon nyob rau hauv steel nce, yield point, tensile zog thiab hardness nce, tab sis plasticity thiab cuam tshuam cov khoom txo. Thaum cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau tshaj 0.23%, qhov vuam kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo, yog li nws yog siv rau vuam Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau feem ntau tsis tshaj 0.20%. Cov ntsiab lus carbon siab kuj tseem yuav txo qis atmospheric corrosion tsis kam ntawm steel, thiab high-carbon steel nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib khoom yog yooj yim rau xeb; Tsis tas li ntawd, carbon tuaj yeem ua rau kom txias brittleness thiab aging rhiab heev ntawm steel.
Silicon (Si): Silicon yog ntxiv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis thiab deoxidizer hauv cov txheej txheem steelmaking, yog li cov hlau tua muaj 0.15-0.30% silicon. Silicon tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev txwv elastic, qhov taw tes tawm thiab lub zog tensile ntawm cov hlau, yog li nws tau dav siv los ua cov hlau elastic. Kev nce qib ntawm silicon yuav txo qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau.
Manganese (Mn). Hauv cov txheej txheem steelmaking, manganese yog ib qho zoo deoxidizer thiab desulfurizer. Feem ntau, hlau muaj 0.30-0.50% manganese. Manganese tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog thiab tawv tawv ntawm cov hlau, ua kom cov tawv tawv ntawm cov hlau, txhim kho cov haujlwm kub ntawm cov hlau, thiab txo cov vuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau.
Phosphorus (P): Feem ntau, phosphorus yog ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov hlau, uas ua rau kom txias brittleness ntawm hlau, deteriorates vuam kev ua tau zoo, txo plasticity, thiab deteriorates txias dabtsi yog khoov kev ua tau zoo. Yog li, cov ntsiab lus phosphorus hauv cov hlau feem ntau yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.045%, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov hlau zoo yog qis dua.
Sulfur (S): Sulfur kuj yog ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej. Ua kom cov hlau kub nkig, txo cov hlau ductility thiab toughness, thiab ua rau tawg thaum lub sij hawm forging thiab dov. Sulfur kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau vuam kev ua tau zoo, txo corrosion kuj. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus sulfur feem ntau yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.045%, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov hlau zoo yog qis dua. Ntxiv 0.08-0.20% sulfur rau hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho lub tshuab ua haujlwm, thiab nws feem ntau hu ua dawb-txiav steel.
Vanadium (V): Ntxiv vanadium rau hlau tuaj yeem kho cov qauv nplej thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv.
Niobium (Nb): Niobium tuaj yeem kho cov nplej thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm vuam.
Copper (Cu): Copper tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws ua rau kub brittleness thaum ua haujlwm kub, thiab cov ntsiab lus tooj liab hauv seem hlau feem ntau siab dua.
Aluminium (Al): Aluminium yog ib qho uas feem ntau siv deoxidizer hauv cov hlau. Ib qho me me ntawm txhuas yog ntxiv rau cov hlau kom zoo dua cov nplej thiab txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam toughness.