Ityhubhu engenamthungo yebhoyila luhlobo lwetyhubhu yebhoyila, eyinxalenye yetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo. Indlela yokuvelisa iyafana netyhubhu engenamthungo, kodwa kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo kwintsimbi esetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwetyhubhu yensimbi. I-boiler ene-tube engenamthungo idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imibhobho kwi-gas ye-flue ephezulu yokushisa kunye nomphunga wamanzi phantsi kwesenzo, kuya kwenzeka i-oxidation kunye ne-corrosion. Iityhubhu zentsimbi ziyafuneka ukuba zibe namandla ahlala ixesha elide, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-oxidation, kunye nokuzinza okuhle kwezicubu. Ibhoyila enetyhubhu engenamthungo isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwebhoiler ityhubhu ye-superheater, ityhubhu yokufudumeza, ibhoyila yegesi enetyhubhu engenamthungo, eyona tyhubhu yomphunga, njl.

Ityhubhu yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphantsi naphakathiGB3087-1999, ityhubhu yebhoyila engenamthungoGB5310-1999isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zezakhiwo zebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphantsi lombhobho womphunga oshushu kakhulu, umbhobho wamanzi abilayo kunye nombhobho webhoyila oshushu kakhulu, umbhobho womsi, umbhobho omncinci womsi kunye nombhobho wombhobho we-arch womgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni eshushu eqengqeleke kunye nebandayo. ) umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo. ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo yolwakhiwo (GB/T8162-1999) yityhubhu yensimbi engenamthungo yesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo kunye nesakhiwo soomatshini. Iinkcazo kunye nomgangatho wenkangeleko:GB5310-95"Ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo kwibhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu" umbhobho oshushu waqengqeleka ububanzi 22 ~ 530mm, ubukhulu bodonga 20 ~ 70mm. Ububanzi bangaphandle betyhubhu ebandayo (ebandayo eqengqelekayo) yi-10 ~ 108mm, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga yi-2.0 ~ 13.0mm. Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo omilisekileyo ligama eliqhelekileyo lombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo wezinye iimilo zecandelo lomnqamlezo ngaphandle kombhobho ongqukuva. Ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu becandelo lombhobho wentsimbi, linokohlulwa lube ngumbhobho wentsimbi olinganayo omilise okwemilo ekhethekileyo (ikhowudi ye-D), ubukhulu bodonga olungalinganiyo olumilise okwentsimbi yombhobho (ikhowudi ye-BD), i-diameter ekhethekileyo. -ipayipi yensimbi engenamthungo (ikhowudi ye-BJ). Iityhubhu ezikhethekileyo zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo, izixhobo kunye namalungu omatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa netyhubhu ejikelezileyo, ityhubhu enobumba obukhethekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo inomzuzu omkhulu we-inertia kunye ne-modulus yecandelo, kwaye inamandla amakhulu okuchasa ukugoba kunye nokuxhatshazwa, okunokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima besakhiwo kunye nokugcina intsimbi. 4. Uvavanyo lwemichiza (1)GB3087-82"ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo kwibhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathi" amalungiselelo. Indlela yokuvavanya ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ngokwe-GB222-84 kunye ne-GB223 "I-Steel kunye ne-Alloy Chemical Analysis Method" inxalenye efanelekileyo. (2)GB5310-95"IThubhu yeNsimbi engenamthungo yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluPhezulu" izibonelelo. Indlela yokuvavanya ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ihambelana neendawo ezifanelekileyo ze-GB222-84, i-Chemical Analysis Method ye-Steel kunye ne-Alloy, kunye ne-GB223 ye-Chemical Analysis Method ye-Steel kunye ne-Alloy. (3) Ukuhlolwa kokwakheka kweekhemikhali kwiityhubhu zensimbi zebhoyila ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ziya kwenziwa ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo echazwe kwikhontrakthi. Ibhoyila ye-5 enentsimbi ye-tube engenamthungo (1) umgangatho ophezulu we-carbon structural steel steel yi-20G, i-20MnG, i-25MnG. (2) i-alloy steel structural steel 15MoG, i-20MoG, i-12CrMoG, i-15CrMoG, i-12Cr2MoG12CrMoG12CrMoCr2Br3MoG, i-3MoG, i-3MoG2Br, i-3MoG, i-20, i-MoG, i-12CrMoG, i-12Cr2MoG12CrMoC2Br, i-3MoG2Br, i-3MoG, i-2B, i-3MoG, i-2B, i-3. (3) umhlwa ubushushu ukumelana intsimbi ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa 1Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni11Nb ityhubhu kwibhoyila ukongeza ukuqinisekisa ukubunjwa imichiza kunye neempawu mechanical, ukwenza hydraulic uvavanyo ingcambu ngengcambu, ukwenza ukuvutha, uvavanyo flattening. Iityhubhu zetsimbi zihanjiswa kwimeko yokuphatha ukushisa. Ukongezelela, i-microstructure, ubungakanani beengqolowa kunye ne-decarbonization layer yombhobho wensimbi ogqityiweyo nazo ziyafuneka.

6. Uvavanyo lokwenziwa koMzimba (1)GB3087-82 “Ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo kwibhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphantsi naphakathi” amalungiselelo. Uvavanyo lwe-tensile ngokwe-GB/T228-87, uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic ngokwe-GB/T241-90, uvavanyo lwe-squashing ngokwe-GB/T246-97, uvavanyo lwe-flaring ngokwe-GB/T242-97, uvavanyo lokugoba olubandayo ngokwe-GB24497(2)GB5310 -95 "IThubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu” amalungiselelo. Uvavanyo lwe-tensile, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic kunye novavanyo lwe-flattening ziyafana ne-GB3087-82; Uvavanyo lwempembelelo ngokwe-GB229-94, uvavanyo lokuvutha ngokwe-GB/T242-97, uvavanyo lobungakanani benkozo ngokweYB/T5148-93; Ngokutsho kwe-GB13298-91 yokuhlolwa kwezicubu ezincinci, i-GB224-87 yoviwo lwe-decarbonized layer, kwaye ngokwe-GB224-87 ye-ultrasonic examinationGB/T5777-96. kwimigangatho efanelekileyo echazwe kwikhontrakthi.

7. Eyona meko iphambili yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle

(1) Ibhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwebhoyibhu engenamthungo amazwe angenisa kumazwe angaphandle yiJapan, eJamani. Rhoqo ngenisa iinkcukacha ze-15914.2 mm;2734.0 mm; 219.110.0 mm; 41975mm; 406.460 mm, njalo-njalo. Ubuncinane benkcukacha yi-31.84.5 mm, ubude buqhele ukuba yi-5 ~ 8 m.(2) kwimeko yebango elingeniswa kumazwe angaphandle, iJamani mannesmann ityhubhu yebhoyila engenamthungo, ilitye lokusila elingeniswa ngaphandle kwe-ST45 ngovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic yobalo lwabantu, lufumanise ukuba inani elincinci leziphene zangaphakathi zombhobho wentsimbi ngaphezu kwemimiselo yomzi-mveliso kunye nemigangatho yombutho wentsimbi yaseJamani. elungileyo, eqhele ukusetyenziselwa ubushushu obuphezulu kwibhoyila umbhobho wentsimbi. 152.48.0 mm12m;89.110.0 mm6m; 101.610.0 mm12m; 114.38.0 mm6m; 127.08.0 mm9m JISG3458 ukuphunyezwa komgangatho woshishino lwaseJapan, olufana nebakala lentsimbi ye-STPA25, olu hlobo lombhobho wentsimbi osetyenziselwa ukutshatisa ityhubhu yengxubevange yobushushu obuphezulu.Ibhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwebhoyila yokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, (1) ityhubhu yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. amazwe amakhulu angenisa impahla ngaphandle yiJapan, eJamani. Rhoqo ngenisa iinkcukacha ze-15914.2 mm;2734.0 mm; 219.110.0 mm; 41975mm; 406.460 mm zezona nkcukacha zincinci ezifana ne-31.84.5 mm, ubude buqhele ukuba yi-5 ~ 8 m.(2) kwimeko yebango elisuka kumazwe angaphandle, i-Jamani mannesmann ityhubhu yebhoyila engenamthungo, ilitye lokusila elingeniswa ngaphandle kwe-ST45 ngovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic yobalo lwabantu, lufumanise ukuba inani elincinci leziphene zangaphakathi zombhobho wentsimbi ngaphezu kwemimiselo yomzi-mveliso kunye nemigangatho yombutho wentsimbi yaseJamani. elungileyo, eqhele ukusetyenziselwa ubushushu obuphezulu kwibhoyila umbhobho wentsimbi. 152.48.0 mm12m;89.110.0 mm6m; 101.610.0 mm12m; 114.38.0 mm6m; 127.08.0 mm9m JISG3458 ukuphunyezwa komgangatho woshishino waseJapan, njengebakala lensimbi ye-STPA25. Olu hlobo lombhobho wentsimbi esetyenziselwa ukuhambelana netyhubhu yealloy yobushushu obuphezulu.

Indlela yokuvelisa ityhubhu engenamthungoIbhoyila enodidi lwetyhubhu engenamthungo. Iindlela zokuvelisa kunye ityhubhu engenamthungo ziyafana, kodwa unesicelo esingqongqo sokwenza intsimbi esetyenziswa kumbhobho wentsimbi. Ngokutsho kokusetyenziswa kweqondo lobushushu zinokwahlulwa zibe ityhubhu ezimbini zebhoyila jikelele kunye netyhubhu yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.1, isishwankathelo se(1) indlela yokuvelisa:(1) ibhoyila jikelele ingenamthungo yobushushu bebhoyila phantsi kwe 450 ℃, umbhobho wasekhaya usetyenziswa ikakhulu 10 , I-20 carbon steel eshushu eshushu yaqengqeleka okanye ityhubhu etsalwa ngokubanda. kwenzeke. Iimfuno zombhobho wentsimbi onamandla okugqabhuka okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa kwi-oxidation ephezulu, kwaye ube uzinzo olulungileyo lombutho.(2) sebenzisa:(1) ityhubhu yebhoyila eqhelekileyo engenamthungo isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwenza ityhubhu yodonga lwamanzi, umbhobho wamanzi, ityhubhu yomphunga oshushu kakhulu, isibhoyili sikaloliwe. umbhobho womphunga oshushu kakhulu, umbhobho omkhulu kunye omncinci kunye nezitena ze-arch ityhubhu, njl.njl.(2) ityhubhu yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu olungenamthungo lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza ibhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-ultrahigh-pressure kwibhoyila iityhubhu zeheater, ityhubhu yokufudumeza, umbhobho womoya ongundoqo womphunga, njl.

Ukusetyenziswa kwebhoyila ityhubhu engenamthungo

(1) ityhubhu yebhoyila jikelele engenamthungo isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza ityhubhu eludongeni lwamanzi, umbhobho wamanzi, ityhubhu yomphunga oshushu kakhulu, umbhobho webhoyila oshushu kakhulu, umbhobho omkhulu kunye omncinci kunye netyhubhu yezitena zearch, njl. isetyenziselwa ukwenza iityhubhu zebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ityhubhu yokufudumeza, umbhobho womoya ongundoqo womphunga, njalo njalo. . Umgangatho wokubonakala: ityhubhu yentsimbi ngaphakathi nangaphandle komhlaba ayivumelekanga ukuba ibe ne-crack, ukugoqa, ukugoqa, ukukrazula, i-delamination kunye neenwele. Ezi ziphene ziya kususwa ngokupheleleyo. Susa ukutenxa okungalunganga, ubunzulu abuyi kudlula ubukhulu bodonga oluqhelekileyo, ukucocwa kobukhulu bodonga lokwenene abuyi kuba ngaphantsi kwexabiso elincinci lobunzima bodonga buvumelekile. * Ubukhulu bodonga.