I-20G: Yinombolo yensimbi edwelisiweyo ye-GB5310-95 (impawu zangaphandle ezihambelanayo: i-st45.8 eJamani, i-STB42 eJapan, kunye ne-SA106B e-United States). Yeyona ntsimbi isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwibhoyila yentsimbi. Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini zifana ngokusisiseko nalawo amacwecwe ensimbi angama-20. Intsimbi inamandla athile kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphakathi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi, iplastiki engcono kunye nokuqina, kunye nokubanda okulungileyo kunye nokutshisa ukubunjwa kunye neepropati ze-welding. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwenza i-high-pressure kunye ne-high-parameter kwi-boiler pipe fittings, i-superheaters, i-reheaters, i-economizers kunye neendonga zamanzi kwicandelo lobushushu obuphantsi; njengemibhobho enobubanzi obuncinci bokufudumeza imibhobho yomphezulu enobushushu bodonga ≤500 ℃, kunye neendonga zamanzi Imibhobho, imibhobho ye-economizer, njl.njl., imibhobho yobubanzi obukhulu bemibhobho yomphunga kunye neeheader (i-economizer, udonga lwamanzi, ubushushu obuphantsi kunye ireheater header) enodonga lobushushu ≤450℃, kunye nemibhobho enobushushu obuphakathi ≤450℃ Izincedisi njl. i-carbon steel iya kuba yi-graphitized ukuba iqhutywe ixesha elide ngaphezu kwe-450 ° C, ubushushu bexesha elide lokusetyenziswa kwe-tube yokufudumala ityhubhu ingcono kakhulu ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-450 ° C. Kolu luhlu lobushushu, amandla entsimbi anokufikelela kwiimfuno ze-superheaters kunye nemibhobho yomphunga, kwaye inokumelana ne-oxidation elungileyo, ukuqina kweplastiki, ukusebenza kwe-welding kunye nezinye iipropathi ezishushu nezibandayo, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Intsimbi esetyenziswe kwiziko laseIran (ibhekisa kwiyunithi enye) ngumbhobho wokungenisa ugutyulo (ubuninzi buziitoni ezingama-28), umbhobho wokwazisa amanzi ngomphunga (iitoni ezingama-20), umbhobho wokudibanisa umphunga (iitoni ezingama-26), kunye nentloko ye-economizer. (iitoni ezisi-8). ), inkqubo yamanzi etshisayo (iitoni ezi-5), intsalela isetyenziswa njengentsimbi ecaba kunye nezixhobo ze-boom (malunga neetoni ezingama-86).

I-SA-210C (25MnG): Yinqanaba lentsimbi kumgangatho we-ASME SA-210. Yintsimbi ye-carbon-manganese ityhubhu enobubanzi obuncinci kwibhoyila kunye nee-superheaters, kwaye i-itis ibe yintsimbi yokuqina kobushushu bepearlite. I-China yatshintshela kwi-GB5310 kwi-1995 kwaye yabiza ngokuba yi-25MnG. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali kulula ngaphandle komxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni kunye ne-manganese, intsalela ifana ne-20G, ngoko amandla ayo okuvelisa malunga ne-20% ephezulu kune-20G, kwaye iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwayo kufana ne-20G. Intsimbi inenkqubo yokuvelisa elula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okubandayo kunye nokutshisa. Ukuyisebenzisa endaweni ye-20G kunokunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, Okwangoku kuphucula ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kwibhoyili. Inxalenye yokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nobushushu bokusebenzisa ngokusisiseko iyafana ne-20G, ikakhulu isetyenziselwa udonga lwamanzi, i-economizer, i-superheater ephantsi kunye nezinye izinto ezinobushushu obusebenzayo obungaphantsi kwe-500 ℃.

I-SA-106C: Yinqanaba lentsimbi kwinqanaba le-ASME SA-106. Ingumbhobho wentsimbi ye-carbon-manganese yeebhoyila ezinobukhulu obukhulu kunye nee-superheaters zobushushu obuphezulu. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali kulula kwaye kufana ne-20G yensimbi ye-carbon, kodwa umxholo wayo wekhabhoni kunye ne-manganese uphezulu, ngoko amandla ayo okuvelisa malunga ne-12% ephezulu kune-20G, kwaye iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwayo akubi. Intsimbi inenkqubo yokuvelisa elula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okubandayo kunye nokutshisa. Ukuyisebenzisa ukutshintsha iintloko ze-20G (i-economizer, udonga lwamanzi, i-superheater ephantsi kunye ne-reheater header) inokunciphisa ubuninzi bodonga malunga ne-10%, enokugcina iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo, ukunciphisa umthwalo welding welding, kunye nokuphucula iintloko Umahluko woxinzelelo ekuqaleni-up. .

I-15Mo3 (15MoG): Ingumbhobho wensimbi kumgangatho we-DIN17175. Yityhubhu yentsimbi enobubanzi obuncinci bekhabhoni-molybdenum kwibhoyila yeheyitharetha ephezulu, Okwangoku yintsimbi yokuqina kobushushu bepearlitic. I-China yatshintshela kwi-GB5310 kwi-1995 kwaye yabiza ngokuba yi-15MoG. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali kulula, kodwa iqulethe i-molybdenum, ngoko ngelixa igcina ukusebenza kwenkqubo efanayo ne-carbon steel, amandla ayo ashushu angcono kune-carbon steel. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, iye yamkelwa ngokubanzi ngamazwe ehlabathini lonke. Nangona kunjalo, insimbi inomkhwa we-graphitization ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ngoko ukushisa kwayo kufuneka kulawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-510 ℃, kwaye inani le-Al elongezelelweyo ngexesha lokunyibilika kufuneka likhawulelwe ukulawula kunye nokulibazisa inkqubo ye-graphitization. Lo mbhobho wentsimbi usetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizifudumezi ezinobushushu obuphantsi kunye nobushushu obuphantsi, kwaye ubushushu bodonga bungaphantsi kwama-510 ℃. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali yi-C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; umgangatho wamandla omlilo oqhelekileyo σs≥270-285, σb≥450- 600 MPa; Iplastiki δ≥22.

I-SA-209T1a (20MoG): Yinqanaba lentsimbi kumgangatho we-ASME SA-209. Yityhubhu yentsimbi ye-carbon-molybdenum encinci ye-diameter ye-boilers kunye ne-superheaters, kwaye yintsimbi ye-pearlite yokushisa ukushisa. I-China yatshintshela kwi-GB5310 kwi-1995 kwaye yabiza ngokuba yi-20MoG. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali kulula, kodwa iqulethe i-molybdenum, ngoko ngelixa igcina ukusebenza kwenkqubo efanayo ne-carbon steel, amandla ayo ashushu angcono kune-carbon steel. Nangona kunjalo, intsimbi inomkhwa we-graphitize ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ngoko ubushushu bokusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka ilawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-510 ℃ kwaye ithintele ubushushu obungaphezulu. Ngexesha lokunyibilika, isixa se-Al esongeziweyo kufuneka sikhawulelwe ukulawula kunye nokulibazisa inkqubo yegraphitization. Lo mbhobho wentsimbi usetyenziswa ikakhulu kumacandelo afana neendonga ezipholileyo ngamanzi, ii-superheaters kunye nezifudumezi, kwaye ubushushu bodonga bungaphantsi kwe-510 ℃. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali yi-C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; umgangatho wamandla oqhelekileyo σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; iplastiki δ≥30.

I-15CrMoG: yi-GB5310-95 ibakala lensimbi (ehambelana ne-1Cr-1 / 2Mo kunye ne-11 / 4Cr-1 / 2Mo-Si iintsimbi ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe ahlukeneyo emhlabeni jikelele). Umxholo wayo we-chromium uphezulu kunentsimbi ye-12CrMo, ngoko inamandla aPhezulu okushisa. Xa ubushushu bungaphezu kwama-550℃, amandla ayo obushushu ayancipha kakhulu. Xa isetyenziswa ixesha elide kwi-500-550 ℃, i-graphitization ayiyi kwenzeka, kodwa i-carbide spheroidization kunye nokwabiwa kwakhona kwezinto ezixutywayo kuya kwenzeka, ezikhokelela ekushiseni kwentsimbi. Amandla ayancipha, kwaye intsimbi inokumelana kakuhle nokuphumla kwi-450 ° C. Ukwenza umbhobho kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-welding kulungile. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengemibhobho yomphunga yoxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphakathi kunye neeheader ezineparameters zomphunga ngaphantsi kwe-550℃, iityhubhu ze-superheater ezinobushushu bodonga ityhubhu ngaphantsi kwe-560℃, njl njl. 0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; inqanaba lamandla σs≥ kwimeko yobushushu obuqhelekileyo 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Iplastiki δ≥21.

I-T22 (P22), i-12Cr2MoG: i-T22 (P22) zizinto eziqhelekileyo ze-ASME SA213 (SA335), ezidweliswe e-China GB5310-95. Kuluhlu lwensimbi ye-Cr-Mo, amandla ayo ashushu aphezulu, kwaye amandla ayo okunyamezela kunye noxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo kwiqondo lokushisa elifanayo liphezulu ngakumbi kune-9Cr-1Mo yensimbi. Ke ngoko, isetyenziswa kumandla ashushu angaphandle, amandla enyukliya kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo. Uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Kodwa uqoqosho lwayo lobuchwephesha alulunganga njenge-12Cr1MoV yelizwe lam, ngenxa yoko alusetyenziswa kangako kwimveliso yebhoyila yamandla ashushu. Yamkelwa kuphela xa umsebenzisi eyicela (ingakumbi xa iyilwe kwaye yenziwe ngokwemigaqo ye-ASME). Intsimbi ayinabungozi kunyango lobushushu, ineplastiki ephezulu ehlala ixesha elide kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding. Iityhubhu ze-T22 ezinobubanzi obuncinci zisetyenziswa ikakhulu njengeityhubhu zomphezulu wokufudumeza kwizifudumezi ezinkulu kunye nezifudumezi ezishushu eludongeni lwentsimbi lungaphantsi kwama-580℃, ngelixa iityhubhu ezinobubanzi obukhulu be-P22 zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiheyitharetha enkulu/indawo yokufudumeza ubushushu bodonga lwentsimbi bungagqithi kuma-565℃. Ibhokisi kunye nombhobho oyintloko womphunga. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali yi-C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; inqanaba lamandla σs≥280, σb≥ phantsi kobushushu obulungileyo 450-600 MPa; Iplastiki δ≥20.

I-12Cr1MoVG: Yintsimbi eluhlu lwe-GB5310-95, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lwasekhaya, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye ne-subcritical power station boiler boilers superheaters, iiheader kunye nemibhobho ephambili yomphunga. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini ngokusisiseko ziyafana nezo zephepha le-12Cr1MoV. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali kulula, umxholo we-alloy opheleleyo ungaphantsi kwe-2%, kwaye i-carbon low, i-alloy-alloy pearlite eshushu-intsimbi eshushu. Phakathi kwabo, i-vanadium inokwenza i-carbide ezinzileyo ye-VC enekhabhoni, enokwenza i-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum kwintsimbi ikhetheke ibekho kwi-ferrite, kwaye icothise isantya sokudlulisa i-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum ukusuka kwi-ferrite ukuya kwi-carbide, okwenza intsimbi Ingaphezulu. uzinzile kumaqondo aphezulu. Isixa esipheleleyo sezinto ezixutywayo kule ntsimbi sisiqingatha kuphela sensimbi ye-2.25Cr-1Mo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe angaphandle, kodwa amandla ayo okunyamezela kwi-580 ℃ kunye ne-100,000 h i-40% ephezulu kuneyokugqibela; kwaye inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ilula, kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwe-welding kulungile. Ngethuba nje inkqubo yonyango yokushisa ingqongqo, ukusebenza okwanelisayo ngokubanzi kunye namandla okushisa kunokufumaneka. Owona msebenzi wesikhululo samandla ubonisa ukuba umbhobho ongundoqo we-12Cr1MoV ungaqhubeka usetyenziswa emva kweeyure ezingama-100,000 zokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kuma-540°C. Imibhobho yobubanzi obukhulu isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengeeheader kunye nemibhobho engundoqo yomphunga eneparameters zomphunga ongaphantsi kwe-565℃, kwaye imibhobho enobubanzi obuncinci isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza imibhobho yomphezulu webhoyila enobushushu bodonga lwesinyithi ngaphantsi kwe-580℃.

I-12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Yinqanaba lentsimbi kwi-GB5310-95. Yikhabhoni ephantsi, i-alloy ephantsi (ixabiso elincinci le-multiple) i-bainite yamandla ashushu ashushu aphuhliswe kwaye aphuhliswe lilizwe lam ngo-1960. Ifakwe kwi-Ministry of Metallurgy Standard YB529 ukususela ngo-1970s -70 kunye nomgangatho wesizwe wangoku. Ekupheleni kwe-1980, intsimbi yadlulisa uvavanyo oludibeneyo lwe-Ministry of Metallurgy, i-Ministry of Machinery and Electric Power. Intsimbi ineempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini, kwaye amandla ayo obushushu kunye nobushushu benkonzo bugqithisa kwezo zintsimbi zangaphandle ezifanayo, zifikelela kwinqanaba le-chromium-nickel austenitic steels kwi-620℃. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezixutywayo eziqulethwe kwintsimbi, kunye nezinto ezifana ne-Cr, i-Si, njl njl. eziphucula ukuchasana kwe-oxidation nazo zongezwa, ngoko ke ubushushu benkonzo ephezulu bunokufikelela kwi-620 ° C. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwesikhululo samandla kubonise ukuba umbutho kunye nokusebenza kombhobho wensimbi akuzange kutshintshe kakhulu emva kokusebenza kwexesha elide. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengetyhubhu ye-superheater kunye netyhubhu yokufudumeza yebhoyila ephezulu yeparamitha enobushushu bentsimbi ≤620 ℃. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali yi-C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0. 08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; inqanaba lamandla σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa kwisimo esihle sobushushu; iplastiki δ≥18.

I-SA-213T91 (335P91): Yinqanaba lentsimbi kumgangatho we-ASME SA-213 (335). Yimathiriyeli yeendawo zoxinzelelo lobushushu obuphezulu zamandla enyukliya (ekwasetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo) eziphuhliswe yiRubber Ridge National Laboratory yaseUnited States. Insimbi isekelwe kwi-T9 (9Cr-1Mo) yensimbi, kwaye inqunyelwe kwimida ephezulu nangaphantsi yekhabhoni. , Ngelixa ulawula ngokungqongqo umxholo wezinto ezishiyekileyo ezifana ne-P kunye ne-S, umkhondo we-0.030-0.070% ye-N, umkhondo wezinto eziqinileyo ze-carbide ezenza i-0.18-0.25% ye-V kunye ne-0.06-0.10% ye-Nb yongezwa kuyo. ukufezekisa ukucokisa Uhlobo olutsha lwentsimbi ye-ferritic ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu yenziwe ngeemfuno zengqolowa; yi-ASME SA-213 ibakala lensimbi eluhlu, kwaye i-China yatshintshela insimbi kumgangatho we-GB5310 kwi-1995, kwaye ibakala libekwe njenge-10Cr9Mo1VNb; kunye nomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe ISO/ DIS9329-2 zidweliswe njenge X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-chromium (9%), ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation, ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla okushisa aphezulu kunye nokuthambekela kwe-non-graphitization kungcono kune-alloy steels ephantsi. I-element molybdenum (1%) ikakhulu iphucula amandla obushushu obuphezulu kwaye inqanda intsimbi yechromium. ukuthambekela kokuqina okushushu; Xa kuthelekiswa ne-T9, iphucule ukusebenza kwe-welding kunye nokusebenza kokudinwa kwe-thermal, ukuqina kwayo kwi-600 ° C kuphindwe kathathu kuleyo yokugqibela, kwaye igcina ubushushu obuphezulu be-corrosion resistance ye-T9 (9Cr-1Mo) yentsimbi; Xa kuthelekiswa ne-austenitic stainless steel, inomlinganiselo omncinci wokwandisa, i-conductivity efanelekileyo ye-thermal, kunye namandla aphezulu okunyamezela (umzekelo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-TP304 insimbi ye-austenitic, linda de ubushushu obuqinileyo bube yi-625 ° C, kunye nobushushu obulinganayo boxinzelelo ngu-607 ° C) . Ke ngoko, ineempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini, ubume obuzinzile kunye nokusebenza ngaphambi nangemva kokuguga, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwii-superheaters kunye nezifudumezi ezinobushushu bentsimbi ≤650℃ kwiibhoyila. Ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali yi-C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤ 0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; inqanaba lamandla σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa kwimeko entle yobushushu; iplastiki δ≥20.