Ke kūʻai aku nei ka hale hana i Kina Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe no ka lawelawe wela kiʻekiʻe ASTM A335 P11
Nānā nui
ʻO kā mākou mau uku he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hui waiwai waiwai, QC kūikawā, nā hale hana ikaika, nā lawelawe kiʻekiʻe no ka paipu kila kila no ka paila, Hoʻokipa maikaʻi mākou i nā mea kūʻai aku hoihoi e hoʻopili iā mākou no ka ʻike hou aku. Manaʻo mākou e hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā a me nā lawelawe i nā mea hoʻohana hou aʻe i ka honua aftermarket; ua hoʻomaka mākou i kā mākou papahana ʻoihana honua ma o ka hoʻolako ʻana i kā mākou mea kūʻai maikaʻi loa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma muli o kā mākou mau hoa kaulana e ʻae ana i nā mea hoʻohana honua e hoʻomau i ka hana ʻenehana a me nā hoʻokō me mākou.
Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana no ke kila boiler, ma waho aʻe o ka hui kemika e paʻi i ka pahu hopu, pono nō hoʻi ke kila boiler e loaʻa i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa S a me P nā mea ʻino, ʻoi aku ka pono o ka S element e hoʻomalu pono ʻia, no ka mea ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe S ke kumu o ke aniani mua ʻO ka mea haumia nui e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka palena ʻo ia ke kumu nui e alakaʻi ai i ka embrittlement kolo.
Palapala noi
Hoʻohana nui ia no ka hana ʻana i ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe, ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me ke kila wela-kū ʻole i nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe no ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a ma luna o nā paipu paila mahu.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka lawelawe wela o ka paila (Superheater tube, reheater tube, ea alakaʻi paipu, pahu mahu nui no nā boiler kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe). Ma lalo o ka hana o ke kinoea flue wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahu wai, e oxidize a corrode ka paipu. Pono ka paipu kila i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka oxidation a me ka corrosion, a me ka paʻa paʻa.
Papa Nui
Papa o ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe: 20g, 20mng, 25mng
Ke kila kila kila: 15mog, 20mog, 12crmog, 15crmog, 12cr2mog, 12crmovg, 12cr3movsitib, etc.
Papa o ke kila wela pale-pale: 1cr18ni9 1cr18ni11nb
Mea Kimia
Papa | ʻAno maikaʻi Papa | Waiwai Kemika | ||||||||||||||
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Nb | V | Ti | Cr | Ni | Cu | Nd | Mo | B | Als" | ||
不大于 | 不小于 | |||||||||||||||
Q345 | A | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.70 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.012 | 0.10 | — | — | |||
B | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||||||||||||||
C | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.015 | ||||||||||
D | 0.18 | 0.030 | 0.025 | |||||||||||||
E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
Q390 | A | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.70 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.3. | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.10 | — | — |
B | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||||||||||||||
C | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0,015 | |||||||||||||
D | 0.030 | 0.025 | ||||||||||||||
E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
Q42O | A | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.70 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.07 | 0.2. | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.20 | — | — |
B | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||||||||||||||
C | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.015 | |||||||||||||
D | 0.030 | 0.025 | ||||||||||||||
E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
Q46O | C | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.80 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.20 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
D | 0.030 | 0.025 | ||||||||||||||
E | 0.025 | 0.020 | ||||||||||||||
Q500 | C | 0.18 | 0.60 | 1.80 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.20 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
D | 0.025 | 0.015 | ||||||||||||||
E | 0.020 | 0.010 | ||||||||||||||
Q550 | C | 0.18 | 0.60 | 2.00 | 0.025 | 0,020 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.30 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
D | 0.025 | 0,015 | ||||||||||||||
E | 0.020 | 0.010 | ||||||||||||||
Q62O | C | 0.18 | 0.60 | 2.00 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.30 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
D | 0.025 | 0.015 | ||||||||||||||
E | 0.020 | 0.010 | ||||||||||||||
Koe wale no ka helu Q345A a me Q345B, pono e komo i ke kila ma kahi li'ili'i o ho'okahi o na mea huapalaoa ho'oma'ema'e Al, Nb, V, a me Ti. E like me nā mea e pono ai, hiki i ka mea hoʻolako ke hoʻohui i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā mea ʻai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, ʻo ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe Pono e hoʻokō i nā koi i ka papaʻaina. Ke hui pū ʻia, Nb + V + Ti <0.22% °No nā māka Q345, Q390, Q420 a me Q46O, Mo + Cr <0.30% oKe hoʻohana ʻia kēlā me kēia papa o Cr a me Ni ma ke ʻano he koena, ʻaʻole pono ka ʻike o Cr a me Ni. ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.30%; i ka wā e pono ai e hoʻohui ʻia, pono e hoʻokō i kāna ʻike i nā koi i ka papaʻaina a i ʻole e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka mea hoʻolako a me ka mea kūʻai mai ma o ke kūkākūkā ʻana. ʻaʻole e hana ʻia. Inā hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Al, Nb, V, Ti a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe me ka hoʻoponopono nitrogen i ke kila, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka maʻiʻo nitrogen. Pono e hōʻike ʻia ka maʻiʻo nitrogen fixation ma ka palapala hōʻoia maikaʻi. 'I ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka aluminika a pau, ka huina alumini ma AIt ^ 0.020% B |
Waiwai Mekani
No | Papa | Waiwai Mekani | ||||
|
| Kuʻi | Hāʻawi | Hooloihi | Ka hopena (J) | Ka lima lima |
1 | 20G | 410- | ≥ | 24/22% | 40/27 | — |
2 | 20MnG | 415- | ≥ | 22/20% | 40/27 | — |
3 | 25MnG | 485- | ≥ | 20/18% | 40/27 | — |
4 | 15MoG | 450- | ≥ | 22/20% | 40/27 | — |
6 | 12CrMoG | 410- | ≥ | 21/19% | 40/27 | — |
7 | 15CrMoG | 440- | ≥ | 21/19% | 40/27 | — |
8 | 12Cr2MoG | 450- | ≥ | 22/20% | 40/27 | — |
9 | 12Cr1MoVG | 470- | ≥ | 21/19% | 40/27 | — |
10 | 12Cr2MoWVTiB | 540- | ≥ | 18/-% | 40/- | — |
11 | 10Cr9Mo1VNbN | ≥ | ≥ | 20/16% | 40/27 | ≤ |
12 | 10Cr9MoW2VNbBN | ≥ | ≥ | 20/16% | 40/27 | ≤ |
Hoʻomanawanui
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pā a me ka anawaena o waho:
Inā ʻaʻohe koi kūikawā, e hāʻawi ʻia ka paipu e like me ke anawaena o waho maʻamau a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia. E like me ka pepa ma hope
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana | Ke ano hana | Ka nui o ka paipu | Hoʻomanawanui | |||
Papa maʻamau | Papa kiʻekiʻe | |||||
WH | Paipu Wela Rolled(extrude) | Anawaena waho maʻamau (D) | <57 | 士 0.40 | ±0,30 | |
57 〜325 | SW35 | ±0.75%D | ±0.5%D | |||
S>35 | ±1%D | ±0.75%D | ||||
>325 ~6.. | + 1%D a i ʻole + 5. E lawe i hoʻokahi liʻiliʻi一2 | |||||
>600 | + 1%D a i ʻole + 7,E lawe i hoʻokahi liʻiliʻi一2 | |||||
Mānoanoa Pāpā Mānoanoa (S) | <4.0 | ±|・丨) | ±0.35 | |||
>4.0-20 | + 12.5%S | ±10%S | ||||
>20 | DV219 | ±10%S | ±7.5%S | |||
心219 | + 12.5%S -10%S | 土10%S |
WH | Paipu hoonui wela | Anawaena waho maʻamau (D) | pau loa | ±1%D | ±0.75%. |
Mānoanoa Pāpā Mānoanoa (S) | pau loa | + 20%S -10%S | + 15%S -io%s | ||
wc | Huki anu (rolled) Ppipe | Anawaena waho maʻamau (D) | <25.4 | ± 'L1j | — |
>25.4 〜4() | ±0.20 | ||||
>40 〜50 | |:0.25 | — | |||
>50 〜60 | ±0.30 | ||||
>60 | ±0.5%D | ||||
Mānoanoa Pāpā Mānoanoa (S) | <3.0 | ±0.3 | ±0.2 | ||
>3.0 | S | ±7.5%S |
Ka lōʻihi:
ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o nā paipu kila he 4 000 mm ~ 12 000 mm. Ma hope o ke kūkākūkāʻana ma waena o ka mea hoʻolako a me ka mea kūʻai aku, a hoʻopiha i kaʻaelike, hiki ke hāʻawiʻia i nā paipu kila me ka lōʻihi ma mua o 12 000 mm a iʻole ka pōkole ma mua o I 000 mm akāʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o 3 000 mm; ka lōʻihi pōkole ʻO ka helu o nā paipu kila ma lalo o 4,000 mm akā ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 3,000 mm ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 5% o ka huina o nā paipu kila i hāʻawi ʻia.
Kaumaha lawe:
Ke hāʻawiʻia ka paipu kila e like me ke anawaena o waho a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia nominal a iʻole ke anawaena o loko a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia nominal, e hāʻawiʻia ka paipu kila e like me ke kaumaha maoli. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia e like me ke kaumaha theoretical.
Ke hāʻawiʻia ka paipu kila e like me ke anawaena o waho a me ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi o ka paia, hāʻawiʻia ka paipu kila e like me ke kaumaha maoli; kūkākūkā nā ʻaoʻao hoʻolako a koi. A ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaelike. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka paipu kila e like me ke kaumaha theoretical.
Kaumaha kaumaha:
E like me nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku, ma hope o ke kūkākūkā ʻana ma waena o ka mea hoʻolako a me ka mea kūʻai aku, a ma ka ʻaelike, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kaumaha maoli a me ke kaumaha theoretical o ka paipu kila hāʻawi e hoʻokō i kēia mau koi:
a) Paipu kila hoʻokahi: ± 10%;
b) ʻO kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o nā paipu kila me ka liʻiliʻi loa o 10 t: ± 7.5%.
Koi hoao
Hōʻike Hydraustatic:
Pono e ho'āʻo hydraulically ka paipu kila i kēlā me kēia. ʻO 20 MPa ke kaomi hoʻāʻo kiʻekiʻe. Ma lalo o ke kaomi ho'āʻo, ʻaʻole i emi iho ka manawa stabilization ma mua o 10 s, a ʻaʻole e kahe ka paipu kila.
Ma hope o ka ʻae ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hydraulic e ka eddy current testing a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo leakage flux magnetic.
Ho'āʻo Nondestructive:
ʻO nā paipu e koi aku i ka nānā hou aku e pono ke nānā ʻia me ka ultrasonically. Ma hope o ke kūkākūkā e koi i ka ʻae o ka ʻaoʻao a ua kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o ka ʻaelike, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻole luku ʻē aʻe.
Ho'āʻo palahalaha:
ʻO nā paipu me ke anawaena o waho i ʻoi aku ma mua o 22 mm e kau ʻia i kahi hoʻāʻo palahalaha. ʻAʻole pono e ʻike ʻia ka delamination, nā kiko keʻokeʻo, a me nā haumia i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke ahi:
E like me nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku a i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka ʻaelike, hiki ke hana ʻia ka paipu kila me ke anawaena o waho ≤76mm a me ka mānoanoa pā ≤8mm. Hana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ma ka lumi wela me kahi taper o 60 °. Ma hope o ka puhi ʻana, pono e hoʻokō ka nui o ke anawaena o waho i nā koi o ka papa ʻaina aʻe, a ʻaʻole pono e hōʻike ka mea hoʻāʻo i nā māwae a i ʻole nāha.
ʻAno kila
| ʻO ke anawaena o waho o ka lapalapa o ka paipu kila/% | ||
Ka anawaena o loko/ka anawaena o waho | |||
<0.6 | >0.6 〜0.8 | >0.8 | |
ʻO ke kila hoʻolālā kalapona kiʻekiʻe | 10 | 12 | 17 |
kila kila kila | 8 | 10 | 15 |
• Ua helu ʻia ke anawaena o loko no ka hāpana. |