Ko te ngongo rino kore he porotaka, he tapawha, he maitai tapawha me te wahanga tuwhera, kaore he tui a tawhio noa. Ko nga ngongo maitai he mea hanga mai i te ingots, i nga pire totoka ranei kua pokaia ki roto i nga ngongo capillary katahi ka werahia, ka makahia te matao, ka kumea te makariri ranei.

putorino maitai tuitui ki te wāhanga tuwhera, he maha nui o putorino whakamahia mo te kawe wai, I roto i te piko me te torsion kaha i te wa ano, Whakataurite putorino maitai ki a tawhio maitai me te tahi atu totoka steel.steel putorino taimaha he mama, he ahua ohaoha te waahanga o te maitai, e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te hanga i nga waahanga hangahanga me nga waahanga miihini, penei i te keri hinu raima raima.

He tata ki te 100 tau te roanga o te hanga ngongo rino korekore. Ko nga tuakana o Tiamana Manismann te tuatahi i hanga i te rua-roll cross-rolling punch i te tau 1885, katahi ka hangaia te miihini hurihuri paipa i te tau 1891, a na te Swiss RCStiefel i hanga te miihini hurihuri paipa aunoa ( mohiotia hoki rite te runga putorino okeoke mīhini) i roto i te 1903, me ngā mihini toronga, pērā i te putorino tonu okeoke mīhini me te putorino aki mīhini, i timata ki te hanga i te ahumahi ngongo maitai tui hou. i tangohia.

Ko te press Extrusion me te mira hurihuri makariri i ia wa ka pai ake te momo me te kounga o nga ngongo rino. te whakarewa i te pire, kua pai ake te pai o te whakaputa me te whakakaha ake i te whakataetae o te paipa tuitui me te paipa paiherea.

I roto i te 1970s, paipa tui me te paipa paihere kei te pupuri i te tere ki tahi i te tahi, a kei te piki haere te putanga paipa maitai ao e neke atu i te 5% ia tau. Mai i te 1953, kua piri Hainamana nui ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi ngongo maitai tui, a kua hanga i te tuatahi he punaha whakaputa mo te hurihuri i nga momo paipa nui, reo me te iti. I te nuinga o te waa, ka whakamahia ano e te putorino parahi te tukanga o te pire ripeka okeoke me te kowhatu, te mira paipa hurihuri me te tuhi coil.

Taupāngame te whakarōpūtanga o nga ngongo maitai kore

Taupānga: Ko te ngongo maitai tuitui he ahua o te wahanga ohaoha maitai, he waahi tino nui i roto i te ohanga o te motu, e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te hinu, te ahumahi matū, te kohu, te teihana hiko, te kaipuke, te hanga miihini, te motuka, te rererangi, te mokowhiti, te kaha, te matawhenua. , hangahanga me nga waahanga hoia.

whakarōpūtanga:

(1) E ai ki te ahua o te waahanga kua wehea ki: ngongo waahanga porohita, ngongo waahanga motuhake

(2) rite ki te rauemi: waro maitai putorino, koranu maitai putorino, kowiri tira putorino, putorino hiato

(3) E ai ki te aratau hononga: paipa hono miro, paipa fehokotaki'anga

(4) E ai ki te ahua o te whakaputa: te huri wera (te tangohanga, te tihi, te roha) paipa, te putunga makariri (toia) paipa

(5) E ai ki te whakamahinga: te paipa kohua, te paipa hinu hinu, te paipa paipa, te paipa hanganga, te paipa tongi.

Te tukanga whakaputa ngongo maitai kore

Ko te tukanga whakaputa matua o te ngongo maitai kore-wera (te mahi tirotiro matua):

Te whakarite me te tirotiro i te pire paipa → te whakamahana o te paipa paipa → te whakakoi → te paipa hurihuri → te whakamahana o te putorino putunga → te whakatika (whakaiti) diameter → te whakamahana wera → te whakatikatika i te paipa kua oti → te whakaoti → te tirotiro (kaore e pakaru, te tinana me te matū, te tirotiro teihana) → whare putunga

(2) Maeke okeoke (tuhi) tukanga hanga putorino maitai

Te whakarite pire → pīkara me te whakahinuhinu → huri matao (tuhi) → maimoatanga wera → whakatika → whakaoti → tirotiro

Ko te tukanga whakaputa tūtohi rere o te wera-hurihia ngongo maitai ko e whai ake nei: