Hordhac tubbada kuleyliyaha ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo (2)

15Mo3 (15MoG): Waa tuubo bir ah oo ku jirta heerka DIN17175. Waa dhexroor yar oo kaarboon molybdenum bir ah oo loogu talagalay kuleyliyaha iyo kululeeyaha, iyo birta xoogga kulul ee nooca luul ah. Sannadkii 1995-kii, ayaa lagu beerayGB5310waxaana loo magacaabay 15MoG. Halabuurka kiimikaadku waa mid fudud, laakiin waxa ku jira molybdenum, sidaa awgeed waxa ay leedahay awood kulayl ka wanaagsan birta kaarboonka iyada oo la ilaalinayo isla habraaca sida birta kaarboonka. Sababtoo ah waxqabadkeeda wanaagsan, qiimaha jaban, ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalay adduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, birta ayaa u janjeera in ay graphitization ka dib hawlgalka muddada-dheer heerkulka sare, si ay heerkulka hawlgalka waa in la xakameeyo ka hooseeya 510 ℃, iyo qadarka Al ku daray in dhalaalidda waa in la xaddido in la xakameeyo iyo dib u dhigi habka graphitization. Tuubada birta ah waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa kulayliyaha heerkulka hooseeya iyo kulaylka hooseeya. Heerkulka gidaarka ayaa ka hooseeya 510 ℃. Halabuurka kiimikada C0.12-0.20, SI0.10-0.35, MN0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, MO0.25-0.35; Heerka xoogga caadiga ah σs≥270-285, σb≥450-600 MPa; Plastic delta 22 ama ka sareeya.

15CrMoG:GB5310-95 steel (oo u dhiganta 1CR-1 / 2Mo iyo 11/4CR-1/2MO-Si birta si weyn looga isticmaalo adduunka), maadada chromium waxay ka sarreysaa birta 12CrMo, sidaa darteed waxay leedahay awood kulaylka sare ee 500-550℃. Marka heerkulku ka sarreeyo 550℃, xoogga kulaylka birta ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacaya. Marka ay ku shaqeeyaan muddo dheer at 500-550 ℃, graphitization ma dhaco, laakiin carbide spheroidization iyo alloying element dib u qaybinta dhacaan, taas oo keenta in hoos u xoog kulaylka ee birta. Birtu waxay leedahay iska caabin wanaagsan oo nasashada at 450 ℃. Its tubooyinka samaynta iyo waxqabadka habka alxanka waa wanaagsan yahay. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida biyo-mareenka cadaadiska sare iyo dhexdhexaad ah iyo sanduuqa isku-xidhka leh qiyaasta uumiga ka hooseeya 550 ℃, tube kulaylka sare leh heerkulka derbiga ka hooseeya 560 ℃, iwm. -0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, CR0.80-1.10, MO0.40-0.55; Xaaladda heerkulka caadiga ah, heerka xoogga σs≥235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Plastic delta p 21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) yihiinASME SA213 (SA335) agabka koodhka, oo ay ku jiraanGB5310-95. Taxanaha birta ee CR-Mo, waxqabadkeeda xoogga kulaylku waa mid aad u sarreeya, isla heerkulka xoogga waara iyo walbahaarka la oggol yahay marka loo eego birta 9CR-1Mo xitaa ka sarreeya, sidaas darteed waxaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalaa awoodda kuleylka shisheeye, awoodda nukliyeerka iyo maraakiibta cadaadiska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhaqaalaheeda farsamada ayaa ka hooseeya 12Cr1MoV, sidaas darteed waxaa si yar loo isticmaalaa soo saarista kuleyliyaha kuleylka gudaha. Isticmaal kaliya marka loo baahdo (gaar ahaan marka la naqshadeeyay oo la soo saaray si waafaqsan code ASME). Birtu waa mid aan dareensanayn daaweynta kulaylka waxayna leedahay caag aad u waarta iyo waxqabadka alxanka wanaagsan. T22 tube dhexroor yar waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida heerkulka derbiga birta ka hooseeya 580 ℃ superheater iyo dib u kululaynta tube dusha kululaynta, iwm.P22tuubada dhexroorka weyn waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa heerkulka darbiga birta ah kama badna 565 ℃ superheater/kuleyliyaha sanduuqa isku xira iyo tuubada ugu weyn ee uumiga. Halabuurka kiimikada C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, MN0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, CR1.90-2.60, MO0.87-1.13; Xaaladda heerkulka caadiga ah, heerka xoogga σs≥280, σb≥450-600 MPa; Plastic delta 20 ama ka badan.

12Cr1MoVG:GB5310-95 nano birta caadiga ah, waa cadaadiska sare ee guriga, cadaadis ultra sare, kulayliyaha warshad korantada subcritical, sanduuqa aruurinta iyo marinka uumiga ugu weyn ee birta si weyn loo isticmaalo. Halabuurka kiimikada iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee saxanka 12Cr1MoV asal ahaan waa isku mid. Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban tahay kiimikaad waa mid fudud, wadarta guud ee daawaha waa wax ka yar 2%, kaarboon hoose, nooca luul yar ee birta xoogga kulul. Vanadium waxay samayn kartaa karboide VC deggan oo kaarboon ah, taas oo ka dhigi karta chromium iyo molybdenum birta si doorbidan inay ku jiraan ferrite, waxayna hoos u dhigtaa heerka wareejinta chromium iyo molybdenum laga bilaabo ferrite ilaa karbide, si birta ay u xasilloonaato heerkulka sare. Tirada guud ee walxaha alloyed ee birtani waa kala badh ka mid ah birta 2.25 CR-1Mo ee si weyn looga isticmaalo dibedda, laakiin xoogga waara ee 580 ℃ iyo 100,000 h waa 40% ka sarreeya kan dambe. Waxaa intaa dheer, habka wax soo saarka waa mid fudud oo waxqabadka alxanka waa mid wanaagsan. Ilaa inta habka daaweynta kulaylku uu yahay mid adag, waxqabadka dhamaystiran iyo awoodda kulaylka ayaa lagu qanci karaa. Hawlgalka dhabta ah ee xarunta korontadu waxay muujinaysaa in 12Cr1MoV dhuumaha ugu weyn ee uumiga weli la isticmaali karo ka dib hawlgalka nabdoon ee 540 ℃ 100,000 saacadood. Tuubbada dhexroorka weyn waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida sanduuqa aruurinta iyo marinka uumiga ugu weyn ee cabbirka uumiga ka hooseeya 565 ℃, iyo tuubada dhexroorka yar waxaa loo isticmaalaa tuubada kuleylka kuleylka ee heerkulka gidaarka birta ee ka hooseeya 580℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102):GB5310-95 ee birta ah, ee horumarinta Shiinaha ee 1960-meeyadii, kaarboon hoose, alloy hooseeya (qiyaas yar oo kala duwanaansho ah) nooca Bainite birta xoogga kulul, laga bilaabo 1970-meeyadii ayaa lagu daray Wasaaradda Warshadaha Metallurgical Standard YB529-70 iyo hadda heerka qaranka, dhamaadkii 1980 birta iyada oo loo marayo Wasaaradda Warshadaha Metallurgical, Wasaaradda Mashiinada iyo Wasaaradda awood koronto aqoonsiga wadajir ah. Birtu waxay leedahay sifooyin farsamo oo dhammaystiran oo wanaagsan, xooggeeda kulaylka iyo heerkulka adeegguna wuu ka sarreeyaa kuwa birta la midka ah ee dibedda, isagoo gaadhay heerka birta chromium-nickel austenitic qaarkood 620 ℃. Tani waa sababta oo ah birta waxay ka kooban tahay noocyo badan oo walxo alloying ah, oo sidoo kale lagu daray si loo hagaajiyo iska caabinta oksaydhka ee walxaha sida Cr, Si, markaa heerkulka adeeggu wuxuu gaari karaa 620 ℃. Hawlgalka dhabta ah ee saldhigga korantada ayaa muujinaya in qaab dhismeedka iyo sifooyinka tuubada birta aysan wax badan isbeddelin ka dib hawlgalka muddada dheer. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida tuubada kululeeyaha iyo tuubada dib-u-kuliyaha loogu talagalay kuleyliyaha cabbirka aadka u sarreeya ee leh heerkulka birta ah ≤620℃. Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban tahay kiimikada C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, MN0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, CR1.60-2.10, MO0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, TI0.08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; Xaaladda heerkulka caadiga ah, heerka xoogga σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa; Plastic delta p 18.

Sa-213t91 (335P91): Lambarka birta ee gudahaASME SA-213(335) heerka. Waxaa soo saaray Shaybaadhka Qaranka ee Rubber Ridge ee Maraykanka, oo loo isticmaalo awoodda nukliyeerka (sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa dhinacyo kale) qaybaha heerkulka sare ee walxaha, birta waxay ku salaysan tahay T9 (9CR-1MO) birta, in Xadka ka kooban kaarboonka, si adag u xakamayso waxa ku jira P iyo S iyo walxo kale oo hadha isku mar ah % V iyo 0.06-0.10% Nb si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha sifaynta hadhuudhka. WaaASME SA-213birta caadiga ah ee tiirka, kaas oo lagu beerayGB5310heerka sanadkii 1995 iyo shahaado waa 10Cr9Mo1VNb. Heerarka caalamiga ah ee ISO/DIS9399-2 waxaa loo taxay X10 CRMOVNB9-1.

Sababtoo ah maadada chromium sare (9%), caabbinta oksaydhka, caabbinta daxalka, xoogga heerkulka sare iyo u janjeera la'aanta ayaa ka fiican kuwa birta alloy hooseeya. Molybdenum (1%) waxay inta badan wanaajisaa xoogga heerkulka sare waxayna joojisaa dareenka kulul ee birta chromium. Marka la barbardhigo T9, alxanka iyo guryaha daalka kulaylka waa la wanaajiyey, xoogga raaga at 600 ℃ waa saddex jeer in ka mid ah dambe, iyo heerkulka sare ee iska caabin daxalka ee T9 (9CR-1Mo) steel waa la ilaaliyaa. Marka la barbar dhigo birta austenitic austenitic, isbahaysiga ballaarinta waa yar yahay, conductivity kaamerada waa wanaagsan yahay, oo uu leeyahay xoog raagaya sare (sida TP304 austenitic ratio birta, ilaa heerkulka xoog waa 625 ℃, heerkulka stress siman waa 607 ℃). Sidaa darteed, waxay leedahay sifooyin farsamo oo dhammaystiran oo ka sii wanaagsan, qaab-dhismeedka xasilloon iyo guryaha ka hor iyo ka dib gabowga, alxanka wanaagsan iyo sifooyinka habka, xoog waara oo sarreeya iyo iska caabbinta oksaydhka. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa kulayliyaha sare iyo kuleyliyaha leh heerkulka birta ah ≤650 ℃ ee kuleyliyaha. Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban tahay kiimikada C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, MN0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, CR8.00-9.50, MO0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al-04≤0. , NB0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; Xaaladda heerkulka caadiga ah, heerka xoogga σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa; Plastic delta 20 ama ka badan.

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Waqtiga post: Seb-07-2022