1.1 Soocidda caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo tuubooyinka birta:

1.1.1 Gobol ahaan

(1) Heerarka gudaha: Heerarka qaranka, heerarka warshadaha, heerarka shirkadaha

(2) Heerarka caalamiga ah:

Mareykanka: ASTM, ASME

Boqortooyada Ingiriiska: BS

Jarmalka: DIN

Jabbaan: JIS

1.1.2 Waxaa loo qaybiyaa ujeedo: heerka badeecada, heerka baadhista alaabta, heerka alaabta ceeriin

1.2 Nuxurka ugu muhiimsan ee heerka badeecada waxaa ka mid ah kuwa soo socda:

Baaxadda codsiga

Cabbirka, qaabka iyo miisaanka (qeexidda, leexashada, dhererka, qalooca, ovality, miisaanka dhalmada, calaamadaynta)

Shuruudaha farsamada: (Ka kooban kiimikaad, heerka gaarsiinta, sifooyinka farsamada, tayada dusha, iwm.)

habka tijaabada

xeerarka tijaabada

Baakadaha, calaamadaynta iyo shahaadada tayada

1.3 Calaamadaynta: waa inay jirtaa daabacaad buufin ah, shaabadeyn, daabacaad rullaluley ah, shaabad bir ah ama ku dhejin shaabad ah oo ku taal dhamaadka tuubo kasta oo bir ah.

Astaantu waa inay ku jirtaa darajada birta, qeexida alaabta, lambarka caadiga ah ee badeecada, iyo astaanta alaab-qeybiyaha ama calaamada ganacsi ee diiwaangashan.

Xidhmo kasta oo tuubooyinka birta ah oo ku jira xidhmooyin ( xidhmo kastaa waa inay lahaataa tiro isku mid ah) waa inay lahaataa wax aan ka yarayn 2 calaamadood, calaamaduhuna waa inay muujiyaan: calaamadda alaab-qeybiyaha, astaanta birta, lambarka foornada, lambarka dufcadda, lambarka qandaraaska, qeexida alaabta, Heerka badeecada, miisaanka, tirada qaybaha, taariikhda la soo saaray, iwm.

1.4 Shahaadada Tayada: Dhuumaha birta la keenay waa inay lahaadaan shahaado alaab ah oo u hogaansan heshiiska iyo heerarka alaabta, oo ay ku jiraan:

Magaca alaab-qeybiyaha ama daabacaadda

Magaca iibsadaha

Taariikhda keenista

Heshiiska No

Heerarka alaabta

Heerka birta

Nambarka kulaylka, lambarka dufcada, heerka gaarsiinta, culeyska (ama tirada qaybaha) iyo tirada qaybaha

Magac kala duwan, qeexid iyo darajada tayada

Natiijooyin kormeer oo kala duwan oo lagu qeexay heerka badeecada