2021, sii wadaan in ay sii qoto dheer dib u habaynta ee dhinaca sahayda dhinaca qaab-dhismeedka biraha birta warshadaha ee dalkeena, kor u isbedelka warshadaha carbon hooseeyo cagaaran, iyo isbedel weyn ee siyaasadda warshadaha dalka, fulinta awoodda xakamaynta, saarka, baabi'iyo dhammaan birta dhoofinta canshuur celinta, hoos asalka ah ee lagu gaaro kaarboon laba jibaaran, laqabsashada baahida isbeddelka xaaladaha gudaha iyo dibadda labadaba, isku dayga in laga gudbo qiimaha alaabta asalka ah dhib badan, dheefshiidka ilaalinta deegaanka iyo arrimo kale sida qiimaha kor u kaca la taaban karo, xaqiijinta "yaraynta tirada iyo hagaajinta tayada" horumarinta tayada sare leh, guud ahaan hawlgalka warshaduhu waa mid deggan, si loo daboolo baahida birta warshadaha ee hoose iyo in la hubiyo soo kabashada joogtada ah ee dhaqaalaha qaranka ayaa sameeyay wax ku ool ah.

1 Soo saarista tuubooyinka birta iyo isticmaalka muuqda ee Shiinaha

Sida laga soo xigtay xogta wax soo saarka tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee ay daabacday Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka iyo Laanta birta birta ee ku salaysan xogta wax soo saarka ee shirkadaha xubnaha ka ah si loo qiyaaso xogta wax soo saarka birta birta ah, laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa December 2021, wax soo saarka qaranka ee tuubooyinka birta ee 853.62 million. tan, hoos 3.66%; Isticmaalka muuqda wuxuu ahaa 78,811,600 tan, oo hoos u dhacay 4.33% sannadkii. Waxaa ka mid ah, wax-soo-saarka tuubooyinka alxanka ah ee 58.832 milyan oo tan, oo hoos u dhacay 3.57% sannadkii; Isticmaalka muuqda wuxuu ahaa 55.2763 milyan tan, oo hoos u dhacay 4.07% sannadkii. Qiyaasta wax-soo-saarka tuubada birta ah ee bilaa-xarafka ah waa 26.80.00 milyan oo tan, hoos 3.86% sannadkii; Isticmaalka muuqda wuxuu ahaa 23.5353 milyan oo tan, iyadoo hoos u dhac sanad kaste ah uu ahaa 4.93%. Waxaa la arki karaa in sanadka 2021, tuubada birta ee Shiinaha, tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan kala go'a lahayn, wax soo saarka tuubooyinka alxanka ah iyo isticmaalka muuqata ayaa hoos u dhacay sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya. Wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka muuqata ee tuubooyinka birta ee Shiinaha 2020-2021 waxa lagu muujiyay shaxda 1 iyo sawirka 1.

Laga soo bilaabo falanqaynta xogta tirakoobka, guud ahaan hawlgalka siman ee warshadaha birta birta ee Shiinaha qeybtii hore ee 2021, laakiin kobaca wax soo saarka u muuqataa cidhiidhi ah, marka la barbar dhigo ay saameeyeen qiimaha macdanta birta caalamiga ah si aad ah u kacay bishii May, tuubada, qiimaha saxan sare u kacay. taas oo riixday qiimaha birta ayaa si aad ah u kacay, laakiin iibsashadan ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh warshadaha hoose, waxay ka dhigaysaa baahida daciifka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, gobolka warshadaha birta si loo yareeyo shuruudaha wax soo saarka birta ceyriin, sidoo kale saameeyay shirkadaha qaar ka mid ah, si 2021, wax soo saarka Shiinaha ee tuubooyinka birta ahaa kala duwan oo hoos u dhac.

2. Qiimaha birta ee Shiinaha

Laga soo bilaabo Noofambar 2020, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay sare u kaca ku yimid qiimaha alaabta ceeriin ee waaweyn sida birta, qiimaha birta iyo birta ee Shiinaha ayaa aad kor ugu kacay, sida ku cad jaantuska 2-3, iyo sidoo kale qiimaha birta tuubooyinka.

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Isbeddelka qiimaha birta birta ah ee aan fiicnayn, tuubooyinka alxanka iyo tuubada galvanized ee Shiinaha laga bilaabo 2020 ilaa 2021 ayaa lagu muujiyey jaantuska 4. Waxaa ka mid ah, qiimaha φ 219 mm × 10 mm qeexitaannada tuubooyinka birta aan fiicnayn ayaa si degdeg ah u kacay laga bilaabo Noofambar 2020, qiimaha wuxuu ka kacay 4645 yuan ilaa 6638 yuan bishii Maajo 2021 (waa qiimaha ugu sarreeya ilaa 2008), ilaa ku dhawaad ​​2000 yuan, ilaa 42.9%; Ka dib Maajo 2021, qiimuhu wuxuu dib ugu soo noqday 6,160 yuan bishii Luulyo, wuxuu hoos ugu dhacay 500 yuan, ka dibna wuxuu gaadhay 6,636 yuan bishii Oktoobar (kii labaad ee ugu sarreeya), ka dibna wuxuu hoos ugu dhacay 5,931 yuan bishii Diseembar. qiimuhu waxa uu ku socday heer sare ilaa bilowgii sanadka.

Sannadka 2021 waa sannadkii ugu fiicnaa warshadaha birta ee Shiinaha ilaa 2008, iyada oo faa'iidooyinka warshadaha si weyn loo hagaajiyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida mid ka mid ah wax soo saarka birta iyo warshadaha birta, dhuumaha birta aan la hagaajin sida saxan, bar, silig iyo profile. Sababtu waa sidan soo socota: Marka hore inkasta oo qiimihii beebka birta uu aad kor ugu kacay, haddana qiimaha beebka birta ayaan kor u kacayn heerkii ugu sarreeyay, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qiimaha saliidda oo jaban iyo qiimaha iibka beebka ceelka shidaalka oo hooseeya. Isbeddelka qiimaha ee tuubada birta ah ee aan kala go'a lahayn, xaashida galvanized, xaashida kulul duuban iyo rebar ee Shiinaha laga bilaabo Abriil 2020 ilaa Janaayo 2022 ayaa lagu muujiyey jaantuska 5. Waxaa la arki karaa in qiimaha xaashida galvanized ee 2021 uu aad uga sarreeyo kan birta aan lahayn. tuubada 300 ~ 750 yuan, iyo qiimaha labada nooc ee sanadaha kale waa mid sarreeya oo hooseeya, guud ahaan isbeddelaya qiyaastii 200 yuan. Midda labaad, qiimaha alaabta ceyriinka ah oo kor u kacay awgeed, farqiga qiimaha ee u dhexeeya beebka birta iyo birta ayaa weli ah heerka 2020, iyo faa'iidada badeecadaha si weyn looma hagaajin. Gaar ahaan shirkadaha wax-soo-saarka ee ceelasha shidaalka, oo ay saamaysay qiimihiisu jaban yahay iyo qiimaha jaban ee lagu kala iibsanayo ceelasha shidaalka, maamulka ganacsigu waa adag yahay, inta badan ganacsiyadu waxay qarka u saaran yihiin faa'iido yar ama khasaare, shirkado gaar ah ayaa wali khasaare ku jira.

2021, inkasta oo gobolku laba jeer isku hagaajiyay dib-u-celinta cashuurta dhoofinta ee alaabta birta, si heerka dhimista cashuurtu uu ku soo noqday 0, laakiin mugga dhoofinta ee dhuumaha birta ah lama dhimin ee wuu kordhay. Sababaha ugu waaweyn ayaa ah kuwan soo socda: Marka hore, saameynta COVID-19 awgeed, shirkado shisheeye oo ka ganacsada beebka birta ayaan si buuxda dib ugu bilaabin wax soo saarkooda, waxaana suuqa uu ahaa mid gabaabsi ah in muddo ah, iyo qiimaha beebka birta ee caalamiga ah. kor u kacay (qiimaha badeecadaha la dhoofiyo qaarkood ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa gudaha); Marka labaad, shirkadaha dhoofinta ayaa ka walaacsan wadamada soo socda si ay u kordhiyaan tacriifadaha wax soo saarka dhoofinta, markaa kordhi, dedejiya xoogga dhoofinta, mugga dhoofinta rubuci afraad ayaa si aad ah u kordhay. Bishii Disembar 2021, dhoofinta dhuunta birta ee Shiinaha waxay ahayd 160.44% celceliska 11 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Gaar ahaan, dhoofinta tuubooyinka birta ee bilaa-xarafka ah bishii Disembar waxay ahayd 531,000 tan, 203.92 boqolkiiba celceliska dhoofinta 260,400 tan 11 bilood ee ugu horreeya. Isbeddelkan ayaa sii socday ilaa rubuci hore ee 2022.

3.2 Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhoofinta

Sida laga soo xigtay xogta ay sii daayeen Maamulka Guud ee Shiinaha ee Kastamka, Shiinaha ee dhuumaha birta ah aan kala go 'lahayn dhoofinta 2021 3.3952 million tons, koror sannad-ka-sannadka 3.79%. Waxaa ka mid ah, dhoofinta dhuumaha dhuumaha aan xirnayn waxay ahaayeen 1.2743 milyan tan, oo hoos u dhacay 9.60% sannadkii; Tuubbada ceelka saliidda ee aan xuduudda lahayn waxay dhoofisaa 906,200 tan, ilaa 2.81% sannadkii; Tuubada kuleyliyaha ah ee aan kala go'a lahayn waxay dhoofisaa 151,800 tan, hoos u dhac sannad kasta ah 15.22%; Dhoofinta dhuumaha alxanka ah waxay ahayd 757,700 ton, hoos u dhac 9.16% sannadkii; Dhoofinta tubooyinka alxanka ee qaabka gaarka ah iyo leydiga labajibbaaran waxay ahayd 1,325,400 tan, ilaa 4.41% sannad kasta. Sannadka 2021, saamaynta faafitaanka caalamiga ah ee COVID-19 iyo dhimista cashuuraha dhoofinta gudaha, mugga dhoofinta ee saddexda nooc ee Shiinaha ee ugu waaweyn ee tubooyinka, tuubada kululeeyaha iyo tuubooyinka alxanka ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacay. Eeg Shaxda 3 iyo Jaantuska 7 ee dhoofinta noocyada dhuumaha birta ee waaweyn ee Shiinaha 2020-2021.

3. Soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta tuubooyinka birta ee Shiinaha

3.1 Soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta mugga iyo qiimaha

Sida laga soo xigtay xogta ay soo saartay Maamulka Guud ee Kastamka, 2021, tuubooyinka birta ee Shiinaha soo dejinta 349,600 tan, hoos 7.21%; Celceliska qiimaha soo dejinta wuxuu ahaa $3824/t, ilaa 12.71% sannadkii. Waxaa ka mid ah, soo dejinta tubbada birta ah ee aan xidhnayn ee 130,500 t, hoos 13.80%; Celceliska qiimaha soo dejinta wuxuu ahaa $5769/t, ilaa 13.32% sanadkiiba. Dhuumaha alxanka leh waxay soo dejiyaan 219,100 tan, hoos 2.80%; Celceliska qiimaha soo dejinta wuxuu ahaa $2671/t, ilaa 18.31% sannadkii. Sannadkii 2021, Shiinuhu wuxuu dhoofiyay 7.17 milyan oo tan oo tubooyinka birta ah, ilaa 4.19% sannadkii; Celceliska qiimaha dhoofinta wuxuu ahaa $1542/t, ilaa 36.5% sannadkii. Waxaa ka mid ah, tuubada birta ah ee aan xuduudda lahayn waxay dhoofisaa 3.3952 milyan tan, ilaa 3.79%; Celceliska qiimaha dhoofinta wuxuu ahaa $1,508/t, ilaa 23.67% sanad kasta. Mugga dhoofinta tuubooyinka alxanka ayaa ahaa 3.7748 milyan tan, ilaa 4.55% sannadkii; Celceliska qiimaha dhoofinta wuxuu ahaa $1573/t, ilaa 49.99% sannadkii. Sannadka 2021, mugga soo dejinta dhuumaha birta ee Shiinaha waa 0.41% kaliya ee wax soo saarka tuubooyinka birta, qiimaha dhoofinta tuubooyinka alxanka ayaa ka sarreeya tuubooyinka birta ah ee birta ah markii ugu horreysay. Eeg Shaxda 2 iyo Jaantuska 6 ee soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta mugga iyo saamiga birta ee Shiinaha 2020-2021.

3.3 Wadamada wax soo dejinta iyo Dhoofinta

Sannadka 2021, 10ka waddan ee ugu sarreeya dhoofinta dhuunta birta ee Shiinaha waa South Korea, India, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Thailand, Oman, Indonesia, Turkey, Vietnam, Australia, 10ka waddan ee ugu sarreeya dhoofinta dhuumaha birta alxanka ah waa Filibiin, Nigeria, Myanmar, Australia, South Korea, Peru, Chile, Indonesia, Singapore iyo Canada. Waddamada loo dhoofiyo dhuumaha birta ee Shiinuhu waxay inta badan ku badan yihiin Koonfur-bari Aasiya, Bariga Dhexe iyo gobollo kale, oo ay ka mid yihiin Koonfur-bari Aasiya, Gacanka iyo gobollada kale waxay ka yihiin in ka badan 40% dhoofinta Shiinaha. Iyadoo Yurub, Waqooyiga Ameerika, waa mid ka mid ah macaamiisha ugu weyn ee birta, laakiin tan iyo xiisadda dhaqaale ee caalamiga ah ee 2008, gobolku wuxuu sii wadaa inuu bilaabo baaritaanka daaweynta ganacsiga ee tuubooyinka birta ee dalkeena, dhoofinta hadda ee gobolka birta. Tuubbadu waxay ka dhigan tahay in ka yar 6%, Shiinaha dhoofinta ugu weyn ee labada nooc (tuubada ceelka saliidda, tuubada khadka) waxay ku dhowdahay dalalkan iyo gobolladaas. Mugga dhoofinta dhuumaha birta ee Shiinaha dal ama gobol 2020-2021 waxa lagu muujiyay sawirka 8.