Cnaaxdayby hababka wax soo saarka

(1) Tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan fiicneyn, tuubooyinka duuban ee kulul, tuubooyinka qabowga duuban, tuubooyinka qaboojinta, tuubooyinka dibadda loo saaro, tuubooyinka jeebka

(2) Dhuumaha birta alxanka leh

Waxaa lagu kala soocaa walxo-tuubo-kaarboon birta ah iyo tuubooyinka daawaha

Tuubooyinka birta kaarboon waxa loo sii kala qaybin karaa: kaarboon caadi ah bir tuubooyinka iyo kaarboon tayo sare leh bir tuubooyinka dhismaha

Tuubooyinka Alloy waxaa loo sii kala qaybin karaa: tuubooyinka daawaha hoose, tuubooyinka qaab dhismeedka alloy, tuubooyinka daawaynta sare, tuubooyinka daawaynta u adkaysta kulaylka iyo aashitada u adkaysta, tuubooyinka alloy heerkulka sare, iwm.

Lagu kala saaray qaab-wareeg iyo qaab gaar ah

Kala soocida tuubo bir ah oo dhumucdiisuna tahay gidaar, tuubo bir ah oo dhumuc weyn leh

Waxaa loo kala saaraa tuubooyinka birta ah ee loogu talagalay dhuumaha, tuubooyinka birta ee qalabka kulaylka, tuubooyinka birta ee warshadaha mishiinka, tuubooyinka birta ee batroolka, qodista juqraafiyeed, tuubooyinka birta ee weelka, tuubooyinka birta ee warshadaha kiimikada, tuubooyinka birta ujeedooyin gaar ah, tuubooyinka birta ee kale ujeedooyin.

Tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan kala go'a lahayn waxay ka samaysan yihiin birta birta ah ee birta ah ama tuubooyinka adag ee birta ah iyadoo la daloolinayoqallafsantuubooyinka, ka dibna lagu sameeyo rogrogid kulul, duub qabow ama sawir qabow.

Qeexida tuubada birta ah ee bilaa-xarafka ah waxaa guud ahaan lagu muujiyay cabbirka magaca ah ee dhexroorka dibadda iyo dhumucda gidaarka ee tuubada birta ah ee dhammaatay (mm)

Sababtoo ah hababka wax soo saarka ee kala duwan, waxay u qaybsan yihiin laba nooc: kulul-rogid (extruded) tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan fiicnayn iyo qabow-duuban (duuban) tuubooyinka birta ah.

Tubooyinka birta ee kulul ee duuban waxay u kala qaybsan yihiin tuubooyinka birta guud, tuubooyinka birta kuleyliyaha cadaadiska hooseeya iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah, tuubooyinka birta kuleyliyaha cadaadiska sare, tuubooyinka birta daawaha ah, tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan kala go 'lahayn, tuubooyinka birta birta ah ee dillaacsan, tuubooyinka birta juqraafiyeed iyo tuubooyinka birta kale.

Tuubooyinka birta ah ee qabow-duuban, tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan kala go'a lahayn waxay u qaybsan yihiin tuubooyinka birta guud, kuwa hooseeya iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah, tuubooyinka birta kuleyliyaha cadaadiska sare, tuubooyinka birta alloy, tuubooyinka birta ah, tuubooyinka dildilaaca batroolka, iyo tuubooyinka kale ee birta, iyo sidoo kale Tuubooyinka birta ee dhuuban ee kaarboon, tuubooyinka birta ah ee dhuuban, tuubooyinka birta ah ee dhuuban, tuubooyinka birta qaabaysan ee gaarka ah.