Dagaallada shisheeyaha ayaa sii socda, laakiin dhaqaalaha gudaha ayaa sii waday inuu soo bandhigo siyaasado wanaagsan, iyo dhinaca warshadaha, qiimaha macdanta birta ayaa marar badan gaaray heerar cusub.Bifocals ayaa kor u kacay baahida korodhka ah ee xilliga kuleylka, taageerada kharashka ayaa ahayd mid xooggan, qiimaha birta ayaa sii waday inuu kordho., cabsida laga qabo baahida sare ee suuqa ayaa sii korodhay, hawlihii buuxinta suuqa ayaa kordhay, wax soo saarka birta cayriin ee maalinlaha ah ayaa hoos u dhacay, soo dejinta birta ayaa yaraaday, hal wareeg oo kale oo xaraashka carrada ayaa bilaabmay, suuqa goobtuna waa mid deggan oo xooggan.Marka loo eego aragtida guud, qiimaha birta ayaa la filayaa inay noqdaan kuwo deggan oo xooggan berrito.

Sanon Pipe Industry waxay hadda haysaa tuubooyinka birta ee soo socda:

Dhuumaha birta ah ee aan fiicnayn ee kululeeyaha cadaadiska hooseeya iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah - GB/T3087-200810#, oo loo isticmaalo tuubooyinka uumiga kulul, tuubooyinka biyaha karkaraya, tuubooyinka gidaarka biyaha qaboojiyey iyo tuubooyinka kulul ee kululeeyaha, tubooyinka qiiqa waaweyn, tuubooyinka qiiqa yar yar iyo tuubooyinka lebenka, iwm.Qalabka ugu muhiimsan: 10 # 20 #, habka wax soo saarka: kululaynta kulul waxaa lagu bixiyaa heerkul kulul, qabow-duuban (duubay) waxaa lagu bixiyaa heer kuleyl ah.

Tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan fiicnayn ee kuleyliyeyaasha cadaadiska sarreeya - GB/T5310-2017, Ujeedada: Inta badan loo isticmaalo in lagu soo saaro tayada sare ee kaarboon dhismaha birta, birta qaab dhismeedka alloy iyo ahama kulayl u adkaysta tuubooyinka birta ee tubooyinka kululeeyaha uumiga cadaadis sare iyo wixii ka sareeya..Heerarka birta qaabdhismeedka tayada sare leh waxaa ka mid ah 20g, 20mng, iyo 25mng, iyo darajooyinka birta qaab dhismeedka alloy waxaa ka mid ah 15mog, 20mog, 12crmog, 15crmog, 12cr2mog, 12crmovg, 12cr3movsitib, iwm.

ASME SA-106/SA-106M-2015——Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan: GR.B GR.C

ASTMA210(A210M)-2012——Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan: SA210 GRA1.SA210 GrC

ASME SA-213/SA-213M- Agabka daawaha sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo: T11, T12, T22 T23 T91 P92

ASTM A335/A335M-2018Qalabka ugu muhiimsan: P11 P12 P22 P5 P9 P23 P91 P92

Tuubooyinka makaanikada iyo bacriminta iyo tuubooyinka kiimikada:GB/T8162-2008Tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan kala go 'lahayn ee isticmaalka qaabdhismeedka - agabka ugu muhiimsan waa 10.20.35.45.Q345

TS EN 10210-1-2006Bir qaabdhismeed aan dawac ahayn oo kulul iyo qaybo godan qaab dhismeedka birta qaab dhismeedka birta-S235GRH S275JOH S275J2H S355JOH S355J2H

ASTM A53A53M-2012Dhuumaha birta galvanized-ka ah ee aan lahayn, alxanka leh iyo kulul - GR.GR.B

Tuubooyin bir ah oo aan badnayn oo loogu talagalay dildilaaca batroolkaGB9948-2006 - Tubooyinka birta ah ee aan kala go 'lahayn ee tuubooyinka fumace, tuubooyinka isweydaarsiga kulaylka iyo dhuumaha ee dhirta batroolka iyo sifeynta, agabyada ugu muhiimsan waa: darajooyinka birta qaab dhismeedka kaarboon tayo sare leh waa 20G, 20MnG, 25MnG, darajooyinka birta qaab dhismeedka alloy, 15G 20MoG, 12CrMoG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12CrMoVG, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB, iwm;

Tubooyinka Dhismaha Tubooyinka Shidaalka: API 5L (Version 45) Tuubooyinka Khadka ah ee PSL1 PSL2, GB/T 9711-2017 Tuubooyinka birta ee saliidda iyo gaaska ee nidaamka gaadiidka dhuumaha warshadaha, walxaha ugu muhiimsan: GR.B X42 X52 X60 X65 X70;

API SPEC 5CT-2018 Casing iyo Tubing, qalabka ugu muhiimsan waa: J55 K55 N80 N80Q L80 L80Q P110