Qiimaha Jumlada Shiinaha API 5L X42 X52 X60 X65 Madow Beebka Kaarboon Kaarboon
Had iyo jeer waxaynu ka fikirnaa oo ku dhaqannaa una dhiganta isbeddelka duruufaha, oo waynu koraan. Waxaan ujeedadoodu tahay guusha maskaxda iyo jidhka hodanka ah iyo kuwa nool ee Qiimaha Jumladda Shiinaha API 5L X42 X52 X60 X65 Tubta Kaarboon Madaw, Sida koox khibrad leh waxaan sidoo kale aqbalnaa amarada ku habboon. Hadafka ugu weyn ee shirkadeena had iyo jeer waa in la horumariyo xusuusta ku qanacsan dhammaan dukaameeyayaasha, iyo in la dejiyo iskaashi ganacsi oo guul-guul ah oo mustaqbalka fog ah.
Had iyo jeer waxaynu ka fikirnaa oo ku dhaqannaa una dhiganta isbeddelka duruufaha, oo waynu koraan. Waxaan higsaneynaa inaan gaarno maskaxda iyo jirka hodanka ah iyo kuwa noolShiinaha Birta iyo Dhuumaha BirtaDhibaatooyinka ugu badan ee ka dhexeeya alaab-qeybiyeyaasha iyo macaamiisha ayaa sabab u ah isgaarsiin xumo. Dhaqan ahaan, alaab-qeybiyeyaashu way ka warwareegi karaan inay su'aalaan waxyaabaha aysan fahmin. Waxaan jebinnaa caqabadaha dadka si aan u hubinno inaad hesho waxaad rabto heerka aad filayso, marka aad rabto. Waqtiga dirida ee dhakhsaha badan iyo badeecada aad rabto waa Shuruudahayaga .
Dulmar
Codsiga
Dhuumaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qaado saliidda, uumiga iyo biyaha laga soo qaado dhulka ilaa shirkadaha warshadaha saliidda iyo gaaska iyada oo loo marayo dhuumaha.
Fasalka ugu weyn
Darajada loogu talagalayAPI 5Lbirta dhuumaha line: Gr.B X42 X52 X60 X65 X70
Qayb Kiimiko ah
| Heerka Birta (Magaca Birta) | Jajab tiro badan, oo ku salaysan kulaylka iyo falanqaynta alaabtaa,g% | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | ||
| max b | max b | min | max | max | max | max | max | |
| Dhuumaha aan Xumaan lahayn | ||||||||
| L175 ama A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | - | - | - |
| L175P ama A25P | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.045 | 0.080 | 0.030 | - | - | - |
| L210 ama A | 0.22 | 0.90 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | - | - | - |
| L245 ama B | 0.28 | 1.20 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | c,d | c,d | d |
| L290 ama X42 | 0.28 | 1.30 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L320 ama X46 | 0.28 | 1.40 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L360 ama X52 | 0.28 | 1.40 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L390 ama X56 | 0.28 | 1.40 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L415 ama X60 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L450 ama X65 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L485 ama X70 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| Dhuumaha alxanka leh | ||||||||
| L175 ama A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | - | - | - |
| L175P ama A25P | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.045 | 0.080 | 0.030 | - | - | - |
| L210 ama A | 0.22 | 0.90 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | - | - | - |
| L245 ama B | 0.26 | 1.20 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | c,d | c,d | d |
| L290 ama X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L320 ama X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L360 ama X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L390 ama X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L415 ama X60 | 0.26 e | 1.40 e | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L450 ama X65 | 0.26 e | 1.45 e | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L485 ama X70 | 0.26 e | 1.65 e | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| a Cu ≤ 0.50 %; Ni ≤ 0.50 %; Cr ≤ 0.50 % iyo Mo ≤ 0.15 %. b Mid kasta oo ka hooseeya 0.01% ee ka hooseeya qiyaasta ugu badan ee kaarboonka, korodhka 0.05 % ee ka sarreeya fiirsashada ugu badan ee Mn waa la oggol yahay, ilaa ugu badnaan 1.65 % darajooyinka ≥ L245 ama B, laakiin ≤ L360 ama X52; ilaa ugu badnaan 1.75 % ee darajooyinka> L360 ama X52, laakiin <L485 ama X70; iyo ilaa ugu badnaan 2.00 % ee darajada L485 ama X70. c ilaa si kale lagu heshiiyo, Nb + V ≤ 0.06 %. d Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15 %. e Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15 %. g Wax si ula kac ah loogu daro B lama ogola inta soo hadhayna B ≤ 0.001 %. | ||||||||
Hantida Makaanikada
|
Heerka Dhuumaha | Jidhka Dhuumaha ee Dhuumaha Aan Xun iyo Alxan lahayn | Tolmada alxan ee EW, LW, SAW, iyo lo'daDhuumaha | ||
| Xoogga Wax-soo-saarkaa Rt0.5 | Xoogga Jilicsana Rm | Dheeraynta(oo ku saabsan 50 mm ama 2 in.)Af | Xoogga Jilicsanb Rm | |
| MPa (psi) | MPa (psi) | % | MPa (psi) | |
| min | min | min | min | |
| L175 ama A25 | 175 (25,400) | 310 (45,000) | c | 310 (45,000) |
| L175P ama A25P | 175 (25,400) | 310 (45,000) | c | 310 (45,000) |
| L210 ama A | 210 (30,500) | 335 (48,600) | c | 335 (48,600) |
| L245 ama B | 245 (35,500) | 415 (60,200) | c | 415 (60,200) |
| L290 ama X42 | 290 (42,100) | 415 (60,200) | c | 415 (60,200) |
| L320 ama X46 | 320 (46,400) | 435 (63,100) | c | 435 (63,100) |
| L360 ama X52 | 360 (52,200) | 460 (66,700) | c | 460 (66,700) |
| L390 ama X56 | 390 (56,600) | 490 (71,100) | c | 490 (71,100) |
| L415 ama X60 | 415 (60,200) | 520 (75,400) | c | 520 (75,400) |
| L450 ama X65 | 450 (65,300) | 535 (77,600) | c | 535 (77,600) |
| L485 ama X70 | 485 (70,300) | 570 (82,700) | c | 570 (82,700) |
| a Darajooyinka dhexdhexaadka ah, faraqa u dhexeeya xoogga jilicsanaanta ugu yar ee la cayimay iyo xoogga dhalidda ugu yar ee la cayimay ee jirka biibiile waa sida lagu sheegay shaxda darajada sare ee soo socota. waa in uu la mid noqdaa sidii lagu go'aamiyay jirka tuubada iyadoo la adeegsanayo qoraalka hoose a)Af, lagu muujiyey boqolkiiba oo lagu soo koobay boqolkiiba ugu dhow, waa in lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo isla'egta soo socota:
xagee C waa 1940 xisaabinta iyadoo la isticmaalayo unugyada SI iyo 625,000 xisaabinta iyadoo la isticmaalayo cutubyada USC; Axc waa qaybta tijaabada jeebka ee lagu dabaqi karo aagga iskutallaabta, oo lagu muujiyey milimitir laba jibaaran (inji laba jibaaran), sida soo socota: 1) qaybo tijaabo ah oo iskutallaab ah oo wareeg ah, 130 mm2 (0.20 in.2) ee 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) iyo 8.9 mm (0.350 in.) qaybaha tijaabada dhexroorka; 65 mm2 (0.10 in.2) ee 6.4 mm (0.250 in.) qaybaha tijaabada dhexroor; 2) qaybo tijaabo ah oo dhamaystiran, ka yar ee a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in.2) iyo b) aagga qaybta tijaabada ah, oo laga soo qaatay iyada oo la isticmaalayo dhexroor dibadda ah oo cayiman iyo dhumucda gidaarka ee la cayimay ee tuubada. lagu soo koobay 10 mm2 ugu dhow (0.01 in.2); 3) qaybaha tijaabada xariijimaha, ka yar ee a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in.2) iyo b) aagga iskutallaabta ee gabal tijaabo ah, oo laga soo qaatay iyadoo la isticmaalayo ballaca cad ee cadadka tijaabada iyo dhumucda gidaarka la cayimay ee tuubada , lagu soo koobay 10 mm2 ugu dhow (0.01 in.2); U waa xoogga xajinta ugu yar ee la cayimay, oo lagu muujiyay megapascals (pounds per square). | ||||
Dhexroor ka baxsan, oo ka baxsan wareegsan iyo dhumucda derbiga
| Dhexroorka Dibadeed ee cayiman (gudaha) | Dulqaadka dhexroorka, inji d | Dulqaad-ka-baxsan ee gudaha | ||||
| Dhuumaha marka laga reebo dhamaadka a | Dhamaadka tuubada a,b,c | Dhuumaha marka laga reebo Dhamaadka a | Dhuunta Dhamaadka a,b,c | |||
| Dhuumaha SMLS | Dhuumaha alxanka leh | Dhuumaha SMLS | Dhuumaha alxanka leh | |||
| < 2.375 | -0.031 ilaa +0.016 | - 0.031 ilaa + 0.016 | 0.048 | 0.036 | ||
| ≥2.375 ilaa 6.625 | 0.020D ee | 0.015D ee | ||||
| +/- 0.0075D | - 0.016 ilaa + 0.063 | D/t≤75 | D/t≤75 | |||
| Sida lagu heshiiyey | Sida lagu heshiiyey | |||||
| > 6.625 ilaa 24.000 | +/- 0.0075D | +/- 0.0075D, laakiin ugu badnaan 0.125 | +/- 0.005D, laakiin ugu badnaan 0.063 | 0.020D | 0.015D | |
| > 24 ilaa 56 | +/- 0.01D | +/- 0.005D laakiin ugu badnaan 0.160 | +/- 0.079 | +/- 0.063 | 0.015D laakiin ugu badnaan 0.060 | 0.01D laakiin ugu badnaan 0.500 |
| Waayo | Waayo | |||||
| D/t≤75 | D/t≤75 | |||||
| Heshiis | Heshiis | |||||
| waayo | waayo | |||||
| D/t≤75 | D/t≤75 | |||||
| >56 | Sidii lagu heshiiyey | |||||
| a. Dhamaadka tuubada waxaa ku jira dhererka 4 ee la cunay mid kasta oo ka mid ah cidhifyada tuubada | ||||||
| b. Tuubbada SMLS dulqaadku waxa uu dalbanayaa t≤0.984in iyo dulqaadka tuubada dhumucdiisuna waxay noqon doontaa sidii lagu heshiiyey. | ||||||
| c. Tuubooyinka la balaariyay ee leh D≥8.625in iyo tuubada aan ballaarin, dulqaadka dhexroorka iyo dulqaadka ka baxsan-wareegga waxaa lagu go'aamin karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhexroorka la xisaabiyay ama lagu cabiray dhexroorka gudaha halkii OD la cayimay. | ||||||
| d. Si loo go'aamiyo u hoggaansanaanta dulqaadka dhexroorka, dhexroorka tuubada waxaa lagu qeexaa sida wareegga tuubada ee diyaarad kasta oo wareeg ah oo ay u qaybiso Pi. | ||||||
| Dhumucda gidaarka | Dulqaadka a |
| t inji | inches |
| Dhuumaha SMLS b | |
| ≤ 0.157 | -1.2 |
| > 0.157 ilaa <0.948 | + 0.150t / - 0.125t |
| ≥ 0.984 | + 0.146 ama + 0.1t, hadba kan weyn |
| - 0.120 ama - 0.1t, hadba kan weyn | |
| Dhuumaha alxanka leh c,d | |
| ≤ 0.197 | +/- 0.020 |
| 0.197 ilaa <0.591 | +/- 0.1t |
| ≥ 0.591 | +/- 0.060 |
| a. Haddii amarka iibsigu caddeeyo dulqaadka laga jaray dhumucda gidaarka oo ka yar qiimaha lagu dabaqi karo shaxdan, dulqaadka lagu daray dhumucda gidaarka waa in lagu kordhiyaa qadar ku filan si loo ilaaliyo xadka dulqaadka lagu dabaqi karo. | |
| b. Tuubooyinka leh D≥ 14.000 gudaha iyo t≥0.984in, dulqaadka dhumucda gidaarka gudaha waxa laga yaabaa inay ka badan tahay dulqaadka dhumucda gidaarka 0.05t dheeraad ah waase in dulqaadka lagu daray cufka aan la dhaafin. | |
| c. Dulqaadka dheeriga ah ee dhumucda gidaarada ma khusayso aagga alxanka | |
| d. Ka eeg faahfaahinta API5L oo dhammaystiran | |
Dulqaad
Shuruudaha Imtixaanka
Baaritaanka Hydrostatic
Dhuumaha si ay ugu adkeystaan baarista hydrostatic iyada oo aan laga daadan tolleynta alxanka ama jirka tuubada. Isku-xirayaashu uma baahna in la tijaabiyo biyo-staatig ah haddii qaybaha tuubooyinka la isticmaalo si guul leh loo tijaabiyey.
Tijaabada laablaab
Wax dildilaac ahi waa inuu ka dhacaa qayb ka mid ah qaybta tijaabada, alxankana ma dhici doono.
Tijaabada fidsan
Shuruudaha oggolaanshaha ee tijaabada sabbaynta waa inay ahaadaan:
- Tuubooyinka EW D<12.750 gudaha:
- X60 oo leh T500in. Waa in aan la furin alxanka ka hor inta masaafada u dhaxaysa taarikada ay ka yarayn 66% dhexroorka dibadda ee asalka ah. Dhammaan darajooyinka iyo darbiga, 50%.
- Tuubbada leh D/t> 10, waa in aan la furin alxanka ka hor inta masaafada u dhaxaysa taarikada aysan ka yarayn 30% dhexroorka dibadda ee asalka ah.
- Cabbirrada kale tixraac buuxaAPI 5Lqeexid.
Tijaabada saamaynta CVN ee PSL2
Cabbirrada tuubooyinka PSL2 iyo darajooyin badan ayaa u baahan CVN. Dhuumaha aan xumaanta lahayn waa in lagu tijaabiyaa jirka. Dhuumaha alxanka leh waa in lagu tijaabiyaa jirka, alxanka tuubada iyo aagga uu kuleylku saameeyay. Tixraac buuxaAPI 5Lqeexidda jaantuska cabbirrada iyo darajooyinka iyo qiyamka tamarta la nuugo ee loo baahan yahay.
Faahfaahinta Alaabta
Tubooyinka Dhismaha Tubooyinka Shidaalka
Had iyo jeer waxaynu ka fikirnaa oo ku dhaqannaa una dhiganta isbeddelka duruufaha, oo waynu koraan. Waxaan higsaneynaa in laga gaaro gaaritaanka fikirka nafsadda iyo jirka oo dhan iyo nolosha si loogu qiimeeyo ciribtirka ciribta 5l Hadafka ugu weyn ee shirkadeena had iyo jeer waa in la horumariyo xusuusta ku qanacsan dhammaan dukaameeyayaasha, iyo in la dejiyo iskaashi ganacsi oo guul-guul ah oo mustaqbalka fog ah.
Qiimaha Jumladda ShiinahaShiinaha Birta iyo Dhuumaha BirtaDhibaatooyinka ugu badan ee ka dhexeeya alaab-qeybiyeyaasha iyo macaamiisha ayaa sabab u ah isgaarsiin xumo. Dhaqan ahaan, alaab-qeybiyeyaashu way ka warwareegi karaan inay su'aalaan waxyaabaha aysan fahmin. Waxaan jebinnaa caqabadaha dadka si aan u hubinno inaad hesho waxaad rabto heerka aad filayso, marka aad rabto. Waqtiga dirida ee dhakhsaha badan iyo badeecada aad rabto waa Shuruudahayaga .
