Te Utu Raraunga Haina Paipa Maama Maamaa mo te Oli me te Paipa Raina Hau
Na to maatau whakahaere tino pai, te kaha hangarau me te punaha whakahaere o te kounga teitei, ka tohe tonu matou ki te tuku ki nga kaihoko ki te kounga teitei, utu whaitake me nga kamupene pai. Ko ta matou e whai ana kia uru ki roto i o hoa tino pono me te whiwhi i to whakatutukitangapaipa raina, Paipa Kore, paipa raina hau, Paipa maitai, Ko ta maatau wheako he mea nui ki a maatau kaihoko. Ko ta maatau kounga e kii ana i nga taonga penei i te kore e kuru, ka whakaheke, ka pakaru ranei, na reira ka maia tonu o taatau kaihoko i te wa e ota ana.
Ko te marama tenei kua oti te ota kotahi mo te kaupapa whare mo te paipa raina hau.
Kei roto ko X60, X52 me GrB
Ka taea e koe te kite i te tohu me te rahi:
| Paipa Moore L245N | 168.3 | 5 |
| Paipa Moore L245N | 114.3 | 5 |
| Paipa Moore L245N | 88.9 | 5 |
| Paipa Moore L245N | 60.3 | 5 |
| Paipa Moore L245N | 168.3 | 12.5 |
| Paipa Moore L245N | 168.3 | 6.4 |
| Paipa Moore L415N | 406.4 | 12.5 |
| Paipa Moore L360N | 323.9 | 12.5 |
| Paipa KorekoreL360N | 273.1 | 10 |
| Paipa Moore L245N | 114.3 | 6.3 |
| Paipa Moore L245N | 88.9 | 5 |
| Paipa Moore L245N | 60.3 | 5 |
| Paipa Moore L245N | 33.7 | 5 |
Mo tenei ota, ka tonohia he whakamatautau paanga -29°. Na kua tapahia e matou he tauira mo te whakamatautau. He tino pai te hua.
Engari mo te paerewa, ka tono noa 0°. na kaua e manukanuka ki te kounga.
Taupānga
Ka whakamahia te pipeline ki te kawe i te hinu, te mamaoa me te wai i toia mai i te whenua ki nga umanga umanga hinu me te hau ma te paipa.
Koeke Matua
Koeke mo te API 5L raina paipa maitai: Gr.B X42 X52 X60 X65 X70
Waahanga matū
| Kōeke maitai (Ingoa maitai) | Hautau Papatipu, I runga i te Wera me te Tatari Huaa,g% | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | ||
| teitei b | teitei b | min | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | |
| Paipa Tukino | ||||||||
| L175, A25 ranei | 0.21 | 0.60 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L175P, A25P ranei | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.045 | 0.080 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L210 ranei A | 0.22 | 0.90 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L245 ranei B | 0.28 | 1.20 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | c,d | c,d | d |
| L290 X42 ranei | 0.28 | 1.30 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L320 X46 ranei | 0.28 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L360 X52 ranei | 0.28 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L390 X56 ranei | 0.28 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L415 X60 ranei | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L450, X65 ranei | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L485 X70 ranei | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| Paipa paiherea | ||||||||
| L175, A25 ranei | 0.21 | 0.60 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L175P, A25P ranei | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.045 | 0.080 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L210 ranei A | 0.22 | 0.90 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — |
| L245 ranei B | 0.26 | 1.20 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | c,d | c,d | d |
| L290 X42 ranei | 0.26 | 1.30 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L320 X46 ranei | 0.26 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L360 X52 ranei | 0.26 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L390 X56 ranei | 0.26 | 1.40 | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | d | d | d |
| L415 X60 ranei | 0.26 e | 1.40 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L450, X65 ranei | 0.26 e | 1.45 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| L485 X70 ranei | 0.26 e | 1.65 e | — | 0.030 | 0.030 | f | f | f |
| he Cu ≤ 0.50 %; Ni ≤ 0.50 %; Cr ≤ 0.50 % me Mo ≤ 0.15 %. b Mo ia whakahekenga o te 0.01 % i raro iho i te kukū morahi kua tohua mo te waro, ka whakaaetia kia piki ake te 0.05 % ki runga ake i te kuhanga morahi kua tohua mo Mn, tae atu ki te 1.65 % teitei mo nga tohu ≥ L245, B ranei, engari ≤ L360, X52 ranei; tae atu ki te 1.75 % morahi mo nga tohu > L360, X52 ranei, engari < L485, X70 ranei; tae atu ki te 2.00% morahi mo te Tohu L485, X70 ranei. c Ki te kore e whakaaehia, Nb + V ≤ 0.06 %. d Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15 %. e Ki te kore e whakaaetia. f Ki te kore e whakaaehia, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15 %. g Karekau he taapiringa pai o B e whakaaetia ana ko te toenga B ≤ 0.001 %. | ||||||||
Taonga Miihini
|
Kōeke paipa | Tino Paipa o te Paipa Kore me te Paiherea | Tuinga Weld o EW, LW, SAW, me te COWPaipa | ||
| Te Kaha Tukua Rt0.5 | Te Kaha Tokaa Rm | Te whakaroa(i runga i te 50 mm, 2 in ranei.)Af | Te Kaha Tokab Rm | |
| MPa (psi) | MPa (psi) | % | MPa (psi) | |
| min | min | min | min | |
| L175, A25 ranei | 175 (25,400) | 310 (45,000) | c | 310 (45,000) |
| L175P, A25P ranei | 175 (25,400) | 310 (45,000) | c | 310 (45,000) |
| L210 ranei A | 210 (30,500) | 335 (48,600) | c | 335 (48,600) |
| L245 ranei B | 245 (35,500) | 415 (60,200) | c | 415 (60,200) |
| L290 X42 ranei | 290 (42,100) | 415 (60,200) | c | 415 (60,200) |
| L320 X46 ranei | 320 (46,400) | 435 (63,100) | c | 435 (63,100) |
| L360 X52 ranei | 360 (52,200) | 460 (66,700) | c | 460 (66,700) |
| L390 X56 ranei | 390 (56,600) | 490 (71,100) | c | 490 (71,100) |
| L415 X60 ranei | 415 (60,200) | 520 (75,400) | c | 520 (75,400) |
| L450, X65 ranei | 450 (65,300) | 535 (77,600) | c | 535 (77,600) |
| L485 X70 ranei | 485 (70,300) | 570 (82,700) | c | 570 (82,700) |
| a Mo nga reanga takawaenga, ko te rereketanga i waenga i te kaha riipene iti kua tohua me te kaha tuku iti mo te tinana paipa me rite ki te tepu mo te reanga teitei e whai ake nei. kia rite ki te uara i whakatauhia mo te tinana paipa ma te whakamahi i te kupuwaewae a).Af, ka whakaaturia ki te ōrau me te whakaawhiwhi ki te ōrau tata, me whakatau mā te whakamahi i te whārite e whai ake nei:
kei hea C ko te 1940 mo nga tataunga ma te whakamahi i nga waeine SI me te 625,000 mo nga tatauranga ma te whakamahi i nga waeine USC; AKo te xc te waahanga whakamatautau whiti e tika ana, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te mitamano tapawha (inihi tapawha), penei: 1) mo nga waahanga whakamatautau porohita whiti, 130 mm2 (0.20 in.2) mo te 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) me te 8.9 mm (0.350 in.) nga waahanga whakamatautau diameter; 65 mm2 (0.10 in.2) mo te 6.4 mm (0.250 in.) nga waahanga whakamatautau diameter; 2) mo nga waahanga whakamatautau katoa, ko te iti ake o te a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in.2) me te b) te waahanga whakawhiti o te waahanga whakamatautau, i ahu mai ma te whakamahi i te diameter o waho me te matotoru pakitara kua tohua o te paipa, kua whakaawhiwhia ki te 10 mm2 tata (0.01 in.2); 3) mo nga waahanga whakamatautau, te iti ake o te a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in.2) me te b) te waahanga whiti o te waahanga whakamatautau, i ahu mai ma te whakamahi i te whanui o te waahanga whakamatautau me te matotoru pakitara o te paipa. , whakaawhiwhi ki te 10 mm2 tata (0.01 in.2); U Ko te kaha tensile iti kua tohua, ka whakaatuhia ki te megapascals (pauna mo ia inihi tapawha). | ||||
Ko te diameter o waho, mai i te porowhita me te matotoru o te pakitara
| Kua Tauwhāitihia te Diamita o waho D (i roto) | Te Whakaaetanga Diameter, inihi d | Te Whakaaetanga o waho-o-Roundness ki roto | ||||
| Paipa haunga te pito a | Mutunga paipa a,b,c | Paipa haunga te Whakamutunga a | Mutunga Paipa a,b,c | |||
| Paipa SMLS | Paipa paiherea | Paipa SMLS | Paipa paiherea | |||
| < 2.375 | -0.031 ki te + 0.016 | – 0.031 ki te + 0.016 | 0.048 | 0.036 | ||
| ≥2.375 ki te 6.625 | 0.020D mo | 0.015D mo | ||||
| +/- 0.0075D | – 0.016 ki te + 0.063 | D/t≤75 | D/t≤75 | |||
| Na te whakaaetanga mo | Na te whakaaetanga mo | |||||
| >6.625 ki te 24.000 | +/- 0.0075D | +/- 0.0075D, engari ko te teitei o te 0.125 | +/- 0.005D, engari ko te teitei o te 0.063 | 0.020D | 0.015D | |
| >24 ki te 56 | +/- 0.01D | +/- 0.005D engari te teitei o te 0.160 | +/- 0.079 | +/- 0.063 | 0.015D engari ko te teitei o te 0.060 | 0.01D engari ko te teitei o te 0.500 |
| Mo | Mo | |||||
| D/t≤75 | D/t≤75 | |||||
| Ma te whakaaetanga | Ma te whakaaetanga | |||||
| mo | mo | |||||
| D/t≤75 | D/t≤75 | |||||
| >56 | I whakaae | |||||
| a. Kei roto i te pito paipa te roa o te 4 i roto i te kai o ia pito paipa | ||||||
| b. Mo te paipa SMLS ka tono te manawanui mo te t≤0.984in me te pai mo te paipa matotoru ka rite ki te whakaae. | ||||||
| c. Mo te paipa whakawhanui me te D≥8.625in me te paipa kore-whakawhanuihia, ka taea te whakatau i te paanui o te diameter me te kawa-a-waho-a-waho ma te whakamahi i te diameter o roto kua tatauhia, ka inehia ranei te diameter o roto, kaua ki te OD kua tohua. | ||||||
| d. Mo te whakatau i te tautukunga ki te aro o te diameter, kua tautuhia te diameter paipa ko te porowhita o te putorino i roto i tetahi rererangi porohita e wehea ana e te Pi. | ||||||
| Te matotoru o te pakitara | Whakaaetanga a |
| t inihi | inihi |
| Pupa SMLS b | |
| ≤ 0.157 | -1.2 |
| > 0.157 ki <0.948 | + 0.150t / – 0.125t |
| ≥ 0.984 | + 0.146 ranei + 0.1t, ko wai te mea nui ake |
| – 0.120, – 0.1t, ko wai te mea nui ake | |
| Paipa paiherea c,d | |
| ≤ 0.197 | +/- 0.020 |
| > 0.197 ki <0.591 | +/- 0.1t |
| ≥ 0.591 | +/- 0.060 |
| a. Mena ka whakatauhia e te ota hoko he iti ake te whakamarumaru mo te matotoru o te pakitara he iti ake i te uara e pa ana ki tenei ripanga, ka whakanuia te taapiri mo te matotoru o te pakitara ma te nui e tika ana hei pupuri i te awhe katakina e tika ana. | |
| b. Mo te paipa me te D≥ 14.000 i roto me te t≥0.984in, ka nui ake te paanui o te pakitara o te rohe ki te taapiri mo te matotoru o te pakitara ma te 0.05t taapiri mena karekau e neke ake te paanui mo te papatipu. | |
| c. Ko te pai ake mo te matotoru o te pakitara kaore e pa ki te waahi weld | |
| d. Tirohia te katoa API5L spec mo nga taipitopito katoa | |
Te manawanui
Whakaritenga Whakamatau
Te whakamatautau hydrostatic
Ko te paipa kia mau ki te whakamatautau hydrostatic me te kore e pakaru mai i te tui whiri, i te tinana paipa ranei. Kaore e tika kia whakamatauria nga hononga ki te hydrostatic mena kua pai te whakamatau i nga waahanga paipa i whakamahia.
Whakamatautau piko
Karekau he kapiti ki roto i tetahi waahanga o te waahanga whakamatautau, kaore hoki e puta te whakatuwheratanga o te paihere.
Whakamātautau papatahi
Ko nga paearu whakaae mo te whakamatautau papatahi ko:
- Paipa EW D<12.750 in:
- X60 me T 500in. Karekau he tuwhera o te weld i mua i te iti iho o te tawhiti i waenga i nga papa i te 66% o te diameter o waho. Mo nga reanga me nga pakitara katoa, 50%.
- Mo te paipa me te D/t> 10, kaua e whakatuwherahia te weld i mua i te iti iho o te tawhiti i waenga i nga papa i te 30% o te diameter o waho.
- Mo etahi atu rahi tirohia te katoa o nga korero API 5L.
Ko te whakamatautau a te CVN mo te PSL2
He maha nga rahi paipa PSL2 me nga tohu e hiahia ana kia CVN. Ko te paipa tuitui ka whakamatauria ki te tinana. Ko te paipa paihere me whakamatauria i roto i te tinana, te paipa paipa me te rohe e pa ana ki te wera. Tirohia te katoa o nga korero API 5L mo te tūtohi o nga rahi me nga tohu me nga uara hiko whakauru.
