20G: Ke nomoro ea tšepe e thathamisitsoeng ea GB5310-95 (e tsamaellanang le lihlahisoa tsa linaha tse ling: st45.8 Jeremane, STB42 Japane, le SA106B United States). Ke tšepe e sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa boiler. Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le thepa ea mochine ha e le hantle e tšoana le ea lipoleiti tse 20 tsa tšepe. Tšepe e na le matla a itseng mochesong o tloaelehileng le mocheso o bohareng le o phahameng, lihlahisoa tse tlaase tsa carbon, polasetiki e ntle le ho thatafala, le thepa e ntle e batang le e chesang ea ho theha le ho tjheseletsa. Haholo-holo e sebelisetsoa ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe tsa boiler tse nang le khatello e phahameng le tse phahameng, li-superheaters, li-reheaters, li-economizers le marako a metsi karolong e tlaase ea mocheso; joalo ka liphaephe tse nang le bophara bo nyane bakeng sa ho futhumatsa lipeipi tsa holim'a metsi ka mocheso oa lebota oa ≤500 ℃, le mabota a metsi Liphaephe, lipeipi tsa economizer, joalo-joalo, lipeipi tse kholo tsa bophara ba lipeipi tsa mouoane le lihlooho (morui, lebota la metsi, mocheso o tlase oa mocheso le mocheso o tlase). reheater header) e nang le mocheso oa lebota ≤450℃, le liphaephe tse nang le mocheso o mahareng ≤450℃ Lisebelisoa joalo-joalo carbon steel e tla etsoa graphitized haeba e sebelisoa nako e telele ka holimo ho 450 ° C, mocheso oa nako e telele oa tšebeliso ea mocheso oa tube ea holim'a mocheso o lekanyelitsoe ka tlase ho 450 ° C. Mocheng ona oa mocheso, matla a tšepe a ka finyella litlhoko tsa li-superheaters le liphaephe tsa mouoane, 'me e na le khanyetso e ntle ea oxidation, thata ea polasetiki, ts'ebetso ea welding le lisebelisoa tse ling tse chesang le tse batang,' me e sebelisoa haholo. Tšepe e sebelisitsoeng seboping sa Iran (e buang ka yuniti e le 'ngoe) ke phala ea likhoerekhoere (bongata ke lithane tse 28), phala ea kenyelletso ea metsi a mouoane (lithane tse 20), phala ea khokahano ea mouoane (lithane tse 26), le hlooho ea economizer. (lithane tse 8). ), tsamaiso ea metsi a chesang haholo (lithane tse 5), tse setseng li sebelisoa e le tšepe e bataletseng le lisebelisoa tsa boom (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 86).

SA-210C (25MnG): Ke boemo ba tšepe boemong ba ASME SA-210. Ke tšepe ea carbon-manganese e nyenyane ea bophara ba tube bakeng sa li-boilers le li-superheaters, 'me ke tšepe e matla ea mocheso oa pearlite. China e ile ea e fetisetsa ho GB5310 ka 1995 mme ea e reha 25MnG. Motsoako oa eona oa lik'hemik'hale o bonolo ntle le lintho tse phahameng tsa carbon le manganese, tse ling kaofela li tšoana le 20G, kahoo matla a eona a lihlahisoa a ka bang 20% ​​ho feta 20G, 'me polasetiki ea eona le ho tiea li lekana le 20G. Tšepe e na le mokhoa o bonolo oa tlhahiso le mokhoa o motle oa ho sebetsa o batang le o chesang. Ho e sebelisa sebakeng sa 20G ho ka fokotsa botenya ba marako le tšebeliso ea thepa, Ho sa le joalo ho ntlafatsa phetisetso ea mocheso ea boiler. Karolo ea tšebeliso ea eona le mocheso oa tšebeliso ha e le hantle li tšoana le 20G, haholo-holo e sebelisetsoang lebota la metsi, economizer, mocheso o tlase oa mocheso le likarolo tse ling tseo mocheso oa tsona o sebetsang o ka tlase ho 500 ℃.

SA-106C: Ke boemo ba tšepe boemong ba ASME SA-106. Ke phala ea tšepe ea carbon-manganese bakeng sa li-boilers tse kholo le li-superheaters bakeng sa mocheso o phahameng. Lik'hemik'hale tsa eona tsa lik'hemik'hale li bonolo ebile li tšoana le 20G carbon steel, empa carbon le manganese ea eona e phahame, kahoo matla a eona a lihlahisoa a ka bang 12% ho feta a 20G, 'me polasetiki ea eona le ho tiea ha eona ha li mpe. Tšepe e na le mokhoa o bonolo oa tlhahiso le mokhoa o motle oa ho sebetsa o batang le o chesang. Ho e sebelisa ho nkela lihlooho tsa 20G sebaka (economizer, lerako la metsi, mocheso o tlaase oa mocheso o tlaase le hlooho ea reheater) e ka fokotsa botenya ba lerako ka hoo e ka bang 10%, e ka bolokang litšenyehelo tsa thepa, ho fokotsa mosebetsi oa ho tjheseletsa, le ho ntlafatsa lihlooho Phapang ea khatello ea kelello qalong ea ho qala. .

15Mo3 (15MoG): Ke phala ea tšepe ka tekanyo ea DIN17175. Ke tube ea tšepe e nang le bophara bo bonyenyane ba carbon-molybdenum bakeng sa boiler superheater, Ho sa le joalo ke tšepe e matlafatsang mocheso oa pearlitic. China e ile ea e fetisetsa ho GB5310 ka 1995 mme ea e reha 15MoG. Sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale se bonolo, empa se na le molybdenum, kahoo ha se ntse se boloka ts'ebetso e tšoanang le ea carbon steel, matla a eona a mocheso a molemo ho feta carbon steel. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona e ntle le theko e tlase, e amohetsoe haholo ke linaha lefatšeng ka bophara. Leha ho le joalo, tšepe e na le tšekamelo ea ho sebetsa ka nako e telele ka mocheso o phahameng, kahoo mocheso oa tšebeliso ea eona o lokela ho laoloa ka tlase ho 510 ℃, 'me palo ea Al e kenyelitsoeng nakong ea ho qhibiliha e lokela ho lekanyetsoa ho laola le ho lieha ts'ebetso ea graphitization. Pipe ena ea tšepe e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa li-superheaters tsa mocheso o tlase le li-reheaters tsa mocheso o tlase, 'me mocheso oa lebota o ka tlase ho 510 ℃. Sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale ke C0.12-0.20, Si0.10-0.35, Mn0.40-0.80, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Mo0.25-0.35; boemo bo tloaelehileng ba matla a mollo σs≥270-285, σb≥450- 600 MPa; Plastiki δ≥22.

SA-209T1a (20MoG): Ke boemo ba tšepe boemong ba ASME SA-209. Ke tube ea tšepe e nang le bophara bo bonyenyane ba carbon-molybdenum bakeng sa li-boilers le li-superheaters, 'me ke tšepe e matlafatsang mocheso oa pearlite. China e ile ea e fetisetsa ho GB5310 ka 1995 mme ea e reha 20MoG. Sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale se bonolo, empa se na le molybdenum, kahoo ha se ntse se boloka ts'ebetso e tšoanang le ea carbon steel, matla a eona a mocheso a molemo ho feta carbon steel. Leha ho le joalo, tšepe e na le tšekamelo ea ho graphitize ts'ebetsong ea nako e telele ka mocheso o phahameng, kahoo mocheso oa eona o lokela ho laoloa ka tlase ho 510 ℃ le ho thibela mocheso o feteletseng. Nakong ea ho qhibiliha, palo ea Al e kenyelelitsoeng e lokela ho lekanyetsoa ho laola le ho liehisa ts'ebetso ea graphitization. Pipe ena ea tšepe e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa likarolo tse kang mabota a pholileng ka metsi, li-superheaters le li-reheaters, 'me mocheso oa lebota o ka tlase ho 510 ℃. Sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale ke C0.15-0.25, Si0.10-0.50, Mn0.30-0.80, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Mo0.44-0.65; boemo ba matla bo tloaelehileng σs≥220, σb≥415 MPa; polasetiki δ≥30.

15CrMoG: ke GB5310-95 tšepe grade (e lumellanang le 1Cr-1 / 2Mo le 11 / 4Cr-1 / 2Mo-Si litšepe tse sebelisoang haholo linaheng tse sa tšoaneng ho pota lefatše). Lintho tsa eona tsa chromium li phahame ho feta tsa tšepe ea 12CrMo, kahoo e na le matla a Holimo a mocheso. Ha mocheso o feta 550 ℃, matla a eona a mocheso a fokotseha haholo. Ha e sebelisoa nako e telele ho 500-550 ℃, graphitization e ke ke ea etsahala, empa carbide spheroidization le ho aroloa ha likarolo tsa alloying li tla etsahala, tseo kaofela li lebisang mocheso oa tšepe. Matla a fokotsehile, 'me tšepe e na le khanyetso e ntle ea ho phomola ho 450 ° C. Ts'ebetso ea eona ea ho etsa lipeipi le ts'ebetso ea welding e ntle. Haholo-holo e sebelisoa e le liphaephe tsa mouoane tse phahameng le tse mahareng tse nang le li-parameter tsa mouoane o ka tlase ho 550 ℃, li-tubes tse nang le mocheso oa lerako la tube tlas'a 560 ℃, joalo-joalo. 0.70, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr0.80-1.10, Mo0.40-0.55; boemo ba matla σs≥ boemong bo tloaelehileng ba bohale 235, σb≥440-640 MPa; Plastiki δ≥21.

T22 (P22), 12Cr2MoG: T22 (P22) ke lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa ASME SA213 (SA335), tse thathamisitsoeng Chaena GB5310-95. Letotong la litšepe tsa Cr-Mo, matla a eona a mocheso a batla a phahame, 'me matla a eona a mamello le khatello e amohelehang ea mocheso ka mocheso o tšoanang o phahame ho feta oa tšepe ea 9Cr-1Mo. Ka hona, e sebelisoa ka matla a tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa mocheso, matla a nyutlelie le likepe tsa khatello. Mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa. Empa moruo oa eona oa tekheniki ha o tšoane le oa naha ea heso oa 12Cr1MoV, ka hona ha o sebelisoe haholo ho etsa liboiler tsa motlakase oa lapeng. E amoheloa feela ha mosebelisi a e kopa (haholo-holo ha e entsoe le ho etsoa ho latela litlhaloso tsa ASME). Tšepe ha e nahanele kalafo ea mocheso, e na le polasetiki e tšoarellang e phahameng le ts'ebetso e ntle ea welding. Li-tubes tsa bophara bo nyane ba T22 li sebelisoa haholo e le li-tubes tse futhumatsang bakeng sa li-superheaters le li-reheaters tseo mocheso oa lebota la tšepe o leng ka tlase ho 580 ℃, ha li-tubes tse bophara bo boholo ba P22 li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa manonyeletso a maholohali ao mocheso oa lebota la tšepe o sa feteng 565 ℃. Lebokose le phala e kholo ea mouoane. Sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale ke C≤0.15, Si≤0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cr1.90-2.60, Mo0.87-1.13; boemo ba matla σs≥280, σb≥ tlas'a tempering e ntle 450-600 MPa; Plastiki δ≥20.

12Cr1MoVG: Ke tšepe e thathamisitsoeng ea GB5310-95, e sebelisoang haholo ka har'a khatello e phahameng ea lapeng, khatello e phahameng haholo, le li-superheaters tsa li-boiler, lihlooho le liphaephe tse kholo tsa mouoane. Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le thepa ea mochini ha e le hantle li tšoana le tsa leqephe la 12Cr1MoV. Sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale se bonolo, kakaretso ea alloy content e ka tlaase ho 2%, 'me ke tšepe e tlaase ea carbon, low-alloy pearlite hot-power. Har'a bona, vanadium e ka theha VC e tsitsitseng ea carbide e nang le carbon, e ka etsang hore chromium le molybdenum ka tšepe li be teng ka mokhoa o khethehileng ka har'a ferrite, 'me li liehe lebelo la phetisetso ea chromium le molybdenum ho tloha ferrite ho ea ho carbide, ho etsa hore tšepe e be matla le ho feta. e tsitsitseng mochesong o phahameng. Kakaretso ea likarolo tse kopantsoeng ka tšepe ena ke halofo feela ea tšepe ea 2.25Cr-1Mo e sebelisoang haholo linaheng tse ling, empa matla a eona a mamello ho 580 ℃ le 100,000 h ke 40% e phahameng ho feta ea morao-rao; mme ts'ebetso ea eona ea tlhahiso e bonolo, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona ea ho cheselletsa e ntle. Hafeela ts'ebetso ea phekolo ea mocheso e le thata, ts'ebetso e khotsofatsang ka kakaretso le matla a mocheso a ka fumanoa. Ts'ebetso ea 'nete ea seteishene sa motlakase e bonts'a hore phaephe e kholo ea mouoane ea 12Cr1MoV e ka tsoela pele ho sebelisoa kamora lihora tse 100,000 tsa ts'ebetso e bolokehileng ho 540°C. Liphaephe tse bophara bo boholo li sebelisoa haholo e le lihlooho le liphaephe tse kholo tsa mouoane tse nang le paramente ea mouoane ka tlase ho 565 ℃, 'me liphaephe tse bophara bo nyane li sebelisetsoa liphaephe tse futhumatsang holim'a metsi ka mocheso oa lebota la tšepe tse ka tlase ho 580 ℃.

12Cr2MoWVTiB (G102): Ke kereiti ea tšepe ho GB5310-95. Ke k'habone e tlase, alloy e tlase (palo e nyane ea makhetlo a mangata) ea matla a chesang a matla e ntlafalitsoeng le ho ntlafatsoa ke naha ea heso ka bo-1960. E kenyelelitsoe Lefapheng la Metallurgy Standard YB529 ho tloha ka 1970s -70 le maemo a hajoale a naha. Qetellong ea 1980, tšepe e ile ea fetisa tlhahlobo e kopanetsoeng ea Lekala la Metallurgy, Lekala la Mechine le Matla a Motlakase. Tšepe e na le thepa e ntle e felletseng ea mochini, 'me matla a eona a mocheso le mocheso oa ts'ebeletso o feta oa litšepe tse tšoanang tsa kantle ho naha, ho fihlela boemo ba litšepe tse ling tsa chromium-nickel austenitic ho 620 ℃. Lebaka ke hore ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng ka tšepe, 'me likarolo tse kang Cr, Si, joalo-joalo tse ntlafatsang khanyetso ea oxidation li boetse li eketsoa, ​​​​ka hona mocheso o phahameng oa tšebeletso o ka fihla ho 620 ° C. Ts'ebetso ea 'nete ea seteishene sa matla e bontšitse hore mokhatlo le ts'ebetso ea pipe ea tšepe ha ea ka ea fetoha haholo ka mor'a ts'ebetso ea nako e telele. Haholo-holo e sebelisoa e le tube ea superheater le tube ea reheater ea super high parameter boiler e nang le mocheso oa tšepe ≤620 ℃. Sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale ke C0.08-0.15, Si0.45-0.75, Mn0.45-0.65, S≤0.030, P≤0.030, Cr1.60-2.10, Mo0.50-0.65, V0.28-0.42, Ti0. 08 -0.18, W0.30-0.55, B0.002-0.008; boemo ba matla σs≥345, σb≥540-735 MPa boemong bo botle ba ho halefa; polasetiki δ≥18.

SA-213T91 (335P91): Ke boemo ba tšepe boemong ba ASME SA-213 (335). Ke thepa bakeng sa likarolo tsa khatello ea mocheso o phahameng oa matla a nyutlelie (hape a sebelisoa libakeng tse ling) tse entsoeng ke Rubber Ridge National Laboratory ea United States. Tšepe e thehiloe holim'a tšepe ea T9 (9Cr-1Mo), 'me e lekanyelitsoe ho meeli e ka holimo le e tlaase ea carbon content. , Ha o ntse o laola ka thata litaba tsa likarolo tse setseng tse kang P le S, mohlala oa 0.030-0.070% oa N, mohlala oa likarolo tse matla tsa carbide tsa 0.18-0.25% ea V le 0.06-0.10% ea Nb li kenngoa ho finyella ntlafatso Mofuta o mocha oa tšepe ea alloy e thibelang mocheso oa ferritic e thehoa ke litlhoko tsa lijo-thollo; ke sehlopha sa tšepe se thathamisitsoeng sa ASME SA-213, 'me Chaena e ile ea fetisetsa tšepe ho boemo ba GB5310 ka 1995,' me kereiti e behiloe e le 10Cr9Mo1VNb; mme maemo a machaba a ISO/ DIS9329-2 a thathamisitsoe e le X10 CrMoVNb9-1. Ka lebaka la li-chromium tse ngata (9%), khanyetso ea eona ea oxidation, khanyetso ea kutu, matla a mocheso o phahameng le mekhoa e seng ea graphitization e molemo ho feta litšepe tse tlaase tsa alloy. The element molybdenum (1%) haholo-holo e ntlafatsa matla a mocheso o phahameng le ho thibela tšepe ea chromium. Hot brittleness tšekamelo; Ha e bapisoa le T9, e ntlafalitse ts'ebetso ea li-welding le ts'ebetso ea mokhathala oa mocheso, ho tšoarella ha eona ho 600 ° C ho makhetlo a mararo ho feta ea morao-rao, 'me e boloka mocheso o phahameng oa ho hanyetsa mocheso oa T9 (9Cr-1Mo) tšepe; Ha e bapisoa le tšepe e sa hloekang ea austenitic, e na le coefficient e nyenyane ea ho atolosa, conductivity e ntle ea mocheso, le matla a phahameng a mamello (mohlala, ha e bapisoa le TP304 austenitic steel, emela ho fihlela mocheso o matla o le 625 ° C, 'me mocheso o lekanang oa khatello ea kelello ke 607 ° C) . Ka hona, e na le thepa e ntle e felletseng ea mochini, sebopeho se tsitsitseng le ts'ebetso pele le ka mor'a botsofali, ts'ebetso e ntle ea welding le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, ho tšoarella ho phahameng le ho hanyetsa oxidation. E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa li-superheaters le li-reheaters tse nang le mocheso oa tšepe ≤650 ℃ ka har'a li-boilers. Sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale ke C0.08-0.12, Si0.20-0.50, Mn0.30-0.60, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, Cr8.00-9.50, Mo0.85-1.05, V0.18-0.25, Al≤ 0.04 , Nb0.06-0.10, N0.03-0.07; boemo ba matla σs≥415, σb≥585 MPa boemong bo botle ba ho halefa; polasetiki δ≥20.