I-ASTM A335 umbhobho webhoyila osemgangathweni ophezulu woxinzelelo oluphezulu
| Umgangatho:I-ASTM A335 | Ingxubevange okanye hayi: Ingxubevange |
| IQela leBanga: P5,P9,P11,P22,P91,P92 Etc. | Isicelo: Umbhobho weBoiler |
| Ukutyeba: 1 - 100 mm | Unyango loMphezulu: NjengeMfuno yoMthengi |
| I-Diameter yangaphandle (Round): 10 - 1000 Mm | Ubuchwephesha: I-Hot Rolling/ Ebandayo |
| Ubude: Ubude obusisigxina okanye ubude obungacwangciswanga | UNyango loBubushushu: Ukuphelisa/uKuqheleka/Ubushushu |
| Ubume beCandelo: Round | Umbhobho oKhethekileyo: Umbhobho oshinyeneyo wodonga |
| Indawo yemvelaphi: eTshayina | Ukusetyenziswa: Umbhobho woMphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu, iBoiler kunye noMtshintshi wobushushu |
| Isiqinisekiso: ISO9001:2008 | Uvavanyo: ET/UT |
Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza umbhobho webhoyila wensimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu, umbhobho otshintshiselwa ngobushushu, umbhobho woxinzelelo oluphezulu wepetroleum kunye neshishini lemichiza.
IBanga lombhobho we-alloy okumgangatho ophezulu:P5,P9,P11,P22,P91,P92 njl.
| IBanga | UN | C≤ | Mn | P≤ | S≤ | Si≤ | Cr | Mo |
| Sequiv. | ||||||||
| P1 | K11522 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0,80 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0,50 | - | 0.44~0,65 |
| P2 | K11547 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0,61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.30 | 0.50~0,81 | 0.44~0,65 |
| P5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0,65 |
| P5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00~2.00 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0,65 |
| P5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0,65 |
| P9 | S50400 | 0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 8.00~10.00 | 0.44~0,65 |
| P11 | K11597 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0,61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 1.00~1.50 | 0.44~0,65 |
| P12 | K11562 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 0.80~1.25 | 0.44~0,65 |
| P15 | K11578 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.15~1.65 | - | 0.44~0,65 |
| P21 | K31545 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 2.65~3.35 | 0.80~1.60 |
| P22 | K21590 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 1.90~2.60 | 0.87~1.13 |
| P91 | K91560 | 0.08~0.12 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20~0,50 | 8.00~9.50 | 0.85~1.05 |
| P92 | K92460 | 0.07~0.13 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 8.50~9.50 | 0.30~0,60 |
Ukutyunjwa okutsha okusekwe ngokuhambelana ne-Practice E 527 kunye ne-SAE J1086, i-Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS). B IBakala P 5c liya kuba nomxholo we-titanium ongekho ngaphantsi kwamaxesha ama-4 ekhabhoni kwaye ungabi ngaphezu kwe-0.70 %; okanye umxholo we-columbium we-8 ukuya kwi-10 amaxesha ekhabhoni.
| Iimpawu zoomatshini | P1,P2 | P12 | P23 | P91 | P92,P11 | P122 |
| Tensile strength | 380 | 415 | 510 | 585 | 620 | 620 |
| Unikeze Amandla | 205 | 220 | 400 | 415 | 440 | 400 |
| IBanga | Uhlobo Lonyango Lobushushu | ULungelelaniso lweqondo lobushushu F [C] | I-Subcritical Annealing okanye i-Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, kunye neP22 | Uluhlu lobushushu F [C] | ||
| I-A335 P5 (b,c) | I-Aneal epheleleyo okanye ye-Isothermal | ||
| Qwalasela kwaye Unomsindo | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| I-Aneal engaphantsi (P5c kuphela) | ***** | 1325 - 1375 [715 - 745] | |
| A335 P9 | I-Aneal epheleleyo okanye ye-Isothermal | ||
| Qwalasela kwaye Unomsindo | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P11 | I-Aneal epheleleyo okanye ye-Isothermal | ||
| Qwalasela kwaye Unomsindo | ***** | 1200 [650] | |
| A335 P22 | I-Aneal epheleleyo okanye ye-Isothermal | ||
| Qwalasela kwaye Unomsindo | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P91 | Qwalasela kwaye Unomsindo | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
| Ukucima kunye nokucaphuka | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
Ngombhobho oyalelwe ukuba ube phakathi kwedayamitha, i-diameter yangaphakathi ayisayi kwahluka ngaphezu kwe-6 1% ukusuka kwidayamitha echaziweyo yangaphakathi.
Ukwahluka okuvumelekileyo kwi-Diameter yangaphandle
| uMyili weNPS | in | mm | in | mm |
| 1⁄8ukuya ku-11⁄2, iquka | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-11⁄2 ukuya ku-4, kubandakanywa. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-4 ukuya ku-8, kubandakanywa | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-8 ukuya kwi-12, kubandakanywa. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-12 | 6 1 % yabachaziweyo ngaphandle ububanzi |
Uvavanyo lweHydraustatic:
Umbhobho weNtsimbi kufuneka uVavanywe ngokweHydraulically enye nenye. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lovavanyo luyi-20 MPa. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo, ixesha lokuzinzisa kufuneka lingabi ngaphantsi kwe-10 S, kwaye iPipe yensimbi akufanele ivuze.
Emva kokuba uMsebenzisi eVumelana, uvavanyo lweHydraulic lunokutshintshwa luVavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy okanye uvavanyo lokuvuza kweMagnetic Flux.
Uvavanyo olungonakalisi:
Imibhobho efuna uPhononongo olungakumbi kufuneka ihlolwe ngokwe-Ultrasonically nganye nganye. Emva kokuba uThethathethwano lufuna imvume yeQela kwaye luchazwe kwiKhontrakthi, olunye uvavanyo olungabhubhisi lunokongezwa.
Uvavanyo lokucaba:
Iityhubhu ezinoMda waNgaphandle oMkhulu kune-22 mm ziya kuHlelelwa kuVavanyo lokuNcandwa. Akukho kuDelamination kubonakalayo, amabala amhlophe, okanye ubumdaka obunokuthi kwenzeke ngexesha lovavanyo lulonke.
Uvavanyo lokuqina:
Ngombhobho wamaBanga P91, P92, P122, kunye no-P911, Brinell, Vickers, okanye iimvavanyo zokuqina zeRockwell ziya kwenziwa kumzekelo osuka kwindawo nganye.
Uvavanyo lokugoba:
Kumbhobho obubanzi bayo budlula i-NPS 25 kunye nomlinganiselo wobubanzi bodonga oluyi-7.0 okanye ngaphantsi kuya kufakwa kuvavanyo lokugoba endaweni yovavanyo lokucaba. Omnye umbhobho obubanzi bayo bulingana okanye obudlula i-NPS 10 unokunikwa uvavanyo lokugoba endaweni yovavanyo lokucaba ngokuxhomekeke kwimvume yomthengi.
1. Ukulayisha ngesikhongozeli
2. Ukulayisha ngokuthunyelwa ngobuninzi
I-ASTM A335 P5yintsimbi yentsimbi engenamthungo yeferritic yobushushu obuphezulu bomgangatho waseMelika. ityhubhu ye-alloy luhlobo lwetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, ukusebenza kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu kunetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, kuba olu hlobo lwetyhubhu yentsimbi iqulethe ngaphezulu kwe-C, ukusebenza kungaphantsi kwetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, ngoko ke ityhubhu yealloyi isetyenziswa kakhulu. kwi-petroleum, i-aerospace, ikhemikhali, amandla ombane, ibhoyila, umkhosi kunye namanye amashishini.
Umbhobho we-Alloy Steel uqulethe izinto ezininzi ngaphandle kwekhabhoni ezifana nenickel, chromium, isilicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium kunye nezixa ezinyiniweyo zezinye izinto ezamkelwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengemanganese, isulfure, isilicon, kunye nephosphorous.
Intsimbi yealloy yasekhaya ehambelanayo: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Umgangatho wombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo wePetroleum Cracking"
- Intlawulo:30% Idiphozithi, 70% L/C Okanye B/L Ikopi Okanye 100% L/C Ekubonaneni
- Min.Ubungakanani boMyalelo:1 PC
- Ukubonelela ngeSakhono:IiToni ezingama-20000 zoNyaka zoluhlu lweMbhobho yeNtsimbi
- Ixesha lokukhokela: Iintsuku ze-7-14 ukuba zisesitokhweni, iintsuku ezingama-30-45 zokuvelisa
- Ukupakishwa: Ukunyamalala okuMnyama, iBevel kunye neCap kuwo wonke umbhobho omnye; I-OD Ngaphantsi kwe-219mm idinga ukuPakisha kwi-Bundle, kwaye i-Bundle nganye ayigqithisi kwiitoni ezi-2.
Isishwankathelo
| Umgangatho:I-ASTM A335 | Ingxubevange okanye hayi: Ingxubevange |
| IQela leBakala: P5 | Isicelo: Umbhobho weBoiler |
| Ukutyeba: 1 – 100 mm | Unyango loMphezulu: NjengeMfuno yoMthengi |
| Ububanzi bangaphandle (Umjikelezo): 10 - 1000 Mm | Ubuchwephesha: I-Hot Rolling/ Ebandayo |
| Ubude: Ubude obusisigxina okanye ubude obungacwangciswanga | UNyango loBubushushu: Ukuphelisa/uKuqheleka/Ubushushu |
| Ubume beCandelo: Round | Umbhobho oKhethekileyo: Umbhobho oshinyeneyo wodonga |
| Indawo yemvelaphi: eTshayina | Ukusetyenziswa: Umbhobho woMphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu, iBoiler kunye noMtshintshi wobushushu |
| Isiqinisekiso: ISO9001:2008 | Uvavanyo: ET/UT |
Isicelo
Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza uMbhobho weBoiler wentsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu, uMbhobho oTshintshwa ngoBubushushu, uMbhobho woMphunga oXhaphazelekileyo wePetroleum kunye noShishino lweMichiza.
ICandelo leMichiza
| Ukuqamba | Idatha |
| Uyilo lwe-UNS | K41545 |
| Ikhabhoni(ubuninzi.) | 0.15 |
| IManganese | 0.30-0.60 |
| Phosphorus(ubuninzi.) | 0.025 |
| Isilicon (ubuninzi.) | 0.50 |
| I-Chromium | 4.00-6.00 |
| Molybdenum | 0.45-0.65 |
| Ezinye izinto | … |
IPropati yoomatshini
| Iipropati | Idatha |
| Amandla Okuqina, Min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Isivuno Amandla, Min, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Elongation, Min, (%), L/T | 30/20 |
Unyango lobushushu
| IBanga | Uhlobo Lonyango Lobushushu | ULungelelaniso lweqondo lobushushu F [C] | I-Subcritical Annealing okanye i-Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, kunye neP22 | Uluhlu lobushushu F [C] | ||
| I-A335 P5 (B,C) | I-Aneal epheleleyo okanye i-Isothermal | ||
| A335 P5b | Qwalasela kwaye Nomsindo | ***** | 1250 [675] |
| A335 P5c | Isihlomelo esingaphantsi | ***** | 1325 - 1375 [715 - 745] |
Ukunyamezelana
Ngombhobho oYalelwe Ngaphakathi kweDamitha, iDiameter eNgaphakathi ayizukwahluka ngaPhantsi kwe ± 1 % ukusuka kwiDiameter echaziweyo ngaphakathi.
Ukwahluka okuvumelekileyo kwi-Diameter yangaphandle
| uMyili weNPS | Ukunyamezela okulungileyo | ukunyamezela okubi | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8to 11⁄2, Iquka | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-11⁄2 Ukuya ku-4, Iquka. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-4 ukuya ku-8, Iquka | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-8 ukuya kwi-12, Iquka. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-12 | ±1 % yeZikhankanyiweyo Ngaphandle Ububanzi | |||
Imfuneko yoVavanyo
Uvavanyo lweHydraustatic:
Umbhobho weNtsimbi kufuneka uVavanywe ngokweHydraulically enye nenye. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lovavanyo luyi-20 MPa. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo, ixesha lokuzinzisa kufuneka lingabi ngaphantsi kwe-10 S, kwaye iPipe yensimbi akufanele ivuze.
Emva kokuba uMsebenzisi eVumelana, uvavanyo lweHydraulic lunokutshintshwa luVavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy okanye uvavanyo lokuvuza kweMagnetic Flux.
Uvavanyo olungonakalisi:
Imibhobho efuna uPhononongo olungakumbi kufuneka ihlolwe ngokwe-Ultrasonically nganye nganye. Emva kokuba uThethathethwano lufuna imvume yeQela kwaye luchazwe kwiKhontrakthi, olunye uvavanyo olungabhubhisi lunokongezwa.
Uvavanyo lokucaba:
Iityhubhu ezinoMda waNgaphandle oMkhulu kune-22 mm ziya kuHlelelwa kuVavanyo lokuNcandwa. Akukho kuDelamination kubonakalayo, amabala amhlophe, okanye ubumdaka obunokuthi kwenzeke ngexesha lovavanyo lulonke.
Uvavanyo lokuqina:
Ngombhobho wamaBanga P91, P92, P122, kunye neP911, Brinell, Vickers, okanye Rockwell Ukuqina kovavanyo kuya kwenziwa kwiSampulu kwiLoti nganye.
Uvavanyo lokugoba:
Ngombhobho oDayamitha Eyogqitha i-NPS 25 kwaye iDiameter yayo ukuya eludongeni iRetiyo iyi-7.0 okanye ngaphantsi iya kuHlelelwa kuVavanyo lokugoba endaweni yoVavanyo lokuCwangciswa. Omnye umbhobho oDiameter elingana okanye eGqiba kwi-NPS 10 inokunikwa uVavanyo lokugoba endaweni yoVavanyo lokucaba ngokuxhomekeke ekuvunyweni koMthengi.
Izinto eziphathekayo kunye noVeliso
Umbhobho usenokuba shushu ugqitywe okanye ubanda ngokutsalwa ngobushushu bokugqiba unyango oluphawulwe ngezantsi.
Unyango lobushushu
- A / N+T
- N+T / Q+T
- N+T
Iimvavanyo zoomatshini ezichaziweyo
- UVavanyo lweTension ye-Transverse okanye i-Longitudinal kunye noVavanyo lwe-Flattening, uvavanyo lobunzima, okanye uvavanyo lwe-Bend
- Ukufudumala kwezinto eziphathekayo kwisithando sohlobo lwe-batch, iimvavanyo ziya kwenziwa kwi-5% yombhobho kwiqashiso ngalinye eliphathwayo. Kwiiqashiso ezincinci, ubuncinane umbhobho omnye uya kuvavanywa.
- Ukushisa kwezinto eziphathwayo ngenkqubo eqhubekayo, iimvavanyo ziya kwenziwa kwinani elaneleyo lombhobho ukwenza i-5% yeqashiso, kodwa akukho meko ingaphantsi kwe-2 ipayipi.
Amanqaku oVavanyo lwe-Bend:
- Kumbhobho obubanzi bayo budlula i-NPS 25 kunye nomlinganiselo wobubanzi bodonga oluyi-7.0 okanye ngaphantsi kuya kufakwa kuvavanyo lokugoba endaweni yovavanyo lokucaba.
- Omnye umbhobho onedayamitha elingana okanye edlula i-NPS 10 unokunikwa uvavanyo lokugoba endaweni yovavanyo lokucaba ngokuxhomekeke ekuvunyweni komthengi.
- Imizekelo yokuvavanya i-bend iya kugotywa kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa nge-180 ngaphandle kokuqhekeka ngaphandle kwesahlulo esigobileyo.
AI-STM A335 P5iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zilungele amanzi, umphunga, ihydrogen, ioli emuncu, njl.njl. Ukuba isetyenziselwa umphunga wamanzi, ubushushu bayo obuphezulu bokusebenza bungama-650.℃; Xa isetyenziswa kwindawo yokusebenza efana neoyile emuncu, inobushushu obuphezulu bobushushu bokumelana nokukhula kwesulfure, kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kwiimeko zobushushu obuphezulu be-sulphur corrosion ye-288 ~ 550℃.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa:
1. Ukuqengqeleka okushushu (ityhubhu yentsimbi ekhutshiweyo engenamthungo) : ityhubhu engqukuva yebillet → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → ukuqengqeleka okunqamlezayo okuqengqelekayo okuqengqelekayo → ukuhluba ityhubhu → ukulinganisa (okanye ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → ukolula → uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi (okanye ukufumanisa isiphene ) → ukuphawula → ugcino
2. Umzobo obandayo (uqengqeleka) ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo: ityhubhu engqukuva → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → isihloko → ukuqhola → ukuchola → ukufakwa kwe-oyile (icwecwe lobhedu) → umzobo obandayo ohamba ngeendlela ezininzi (ukuqengqeleka okubandayo) → ityhubhu engenanto → unyango lobushushu → ukulungisa → amanzi uvavanyo loxinzelelo (uphawu lwesiphene) → ukuphawula → ugcino
Iimeko zesicelo:
Kwizixhobo ze-atmospheric kunye ne-vacuum zokusetyenzwa kwe-oyile ekrwada ephezulu yesulfure,I-ASTM A335 P5iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimibhobho engezantsi ye-atmospheric kunye ne-vacuum tower, iityhubhu zothando lwe-atmospheric kunye ne-vacuum furnaces, amacandelo anesantya esiphezulu semigca yokuguqula i-oyile yomoya kunye ne-vacuum kunye neminye imibhobho ye-oyile yobushushu kunye negesi equlethe isulfure.
Kwiiyunithi zeFCC,I-ASTM A335 P5iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kumbhobho wobushushu obuphezulu, i-catalyst kunye nemibhobho yokucoca ebuyayo, kunye neminye imibhobho ye-oyile yesulfure yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nerhasi.
Kwiyunithi yokupheka ebambezelekile,I-ASTM A335 P5umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo usetyenziswa ikakhulu kumbhobho wokutyisa ubushushu obuphezulu ezantsi kwe-coke tower kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-oyile kunye nombhobho werhasi kumphezulu we-coke tower, umbhobho womlilo osezantsi kwiziko le-coke, umbhobho osezantsi kwe-fracking tower kunye nezinye. ubushushu obuphezulu be-oyile kunye nombhobho wegesi oqulethe isulfure.
Umbhobho we-Alloy Steel uqulethe izinto ezininzi ngaphandle kwekhabhoni ezifana nenickel, chromium, isilicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium kunye nezixa ezinyiniweyo zezinye izinto ezamkelwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengemanganese, isulfure, isilicon, kunye nephosphorous..
I-ASTM A335 P9 yintsimbi yentsimbi engenamthungo yeferritic yobushushu obuphezulu bomgangatho waseMelika. ityhubhu ye-alloy luhlobo lwetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, ukusebenza kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu kunetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, kuba olu hlobo lwetyhubhu yentsimbi iqulethe ngaphezulu kwe-C, ukusebenza kungaphantsi kwetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, ngoko ke ityhubhu yealloyi isetyenziswa kakhulu. kwi-petroleum, i-aerospace, ikhemikhali, amandla ombane, ibhoyila, umkhosi kunye namanye amashishini.
A335 P9yintsimbi yokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu bechromium-molybdenum eveliswa ngokomgangatho waseMelika. Ngenxa yokumelana ne-oxidation ebalaseleyo, amandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kwesulfide, isetyenziswa kakhulu kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu olunokutsha kunye nemibhobho eqhumayo yezityalo zokucoca i-petroleum, ngakumbi umbhobho wobushushu othe ngqo weziko lokufudumeza, ubushushu obuphakathi bunokufikelela kuma-550 ~ 600 ℃ .
Intsimbi yealloy yasekhaya ehambelanayo: 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Umgangatho wombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo wePetroleum Cracking"
Isishwankathelo
| Umgangatho:I-ASTM A335 | Ingxubevange okanye hayi: Ingxubevange |
| IQela leBakala: P9 | Isicelo: Umbhobho weBoiler |
| Ukutyeba: 1 – 100 mm | Unyango loMphezulu: NjengeMfuno yoMthengi |
| Ububanzi bangaphandle (Umjikelezo): 10 - 1000 Mm | Ubuchwephesha: I-Hot Rolling/ Ebandayo |
| Ubude: Ubude obusisigxina okanye ubude obungacwangciswanga | UNyango loBubushushu: Ukuphelisa/uKuqheleka/Ubushushu |
| Ubume beCandelo: Round | Pecial Umbhobho: Umbhobho ongqindilili Wall |
| Indawo yemvelaphi: eTshayina | Ukusetyenziswa: Umbhobho woMphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu, iBoiler kunye noMtshintshi wobushushu |
| Isiqinisekiso: ISO9001:2008 | Uvavanyo: ET/UT |
ICandelo leMichiza
Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yokuqhekeka kwepetroleum
| I-ASTM A335M | C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
| P9 | ≦0.15 | 0.25-1.00 | 0.30-0.60 | ≦0.025 | ≦0.025 | 8.00-10.00 | 0.90-1.10 |
IPropati yoomatshini
| Iipropati | Idatha |
| Amandla okuqina, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Amandla esivuno, min, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Elongation, min, (%), L/T | 14 |
| HB | 180 |
Unyango lobushushu
|
IBanga | Uhlobo Lonyango Lobushushu | ULungelelaniso lweqondo lobushushu F [C] | I-Subcritical Annealing okanye i-Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, kunye neP22 | |||
| A335 P9 | I-Aneal epheleleyo okanye i-Isothermal | ||
| Qwalasela kwaye Nomsindo | ***** | 1250 [675] |
A335 P9inokunyangwa ubushushu ngokuthambisa okanye ukuqhelanisa + iinkqubo zobushushu. Isantya sokupholisa inkqubo ye-Annealing siyacotha, sichaphazela isingqisho semveliso, inkqubo yokuvelisa kunzima ukuyilawula, kunye neendleko eziphezulu; Ke ngoko, imveliso yokwenyani ayifane isebenzise inkqubo yonyango lobushushu, ihlala isebenzise unyango oluqhelekileyo + lokufudumeza ubushushu endaweni yenkqubo yokufunxa, ukuphumeza imveliso yamashishini.
A335 P9intsimbi kuba ayiqulathanga V, Nb kunye nezinye izinto microalloying, kungoko iqondo lobushushu normalizing ngaphezu A335 P91 intsimbi isezantsi, 950 ~ 1050 ℃, ubambe 1h, inkqubo xa normalizing inkoliso carbide zinyibilike kodwa akukho ukukhula okuziinkozo ecacileyo, kodwa iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kakhulu eliqhelekileyo liqhelene ne-austenite grain coarse: ubushushu bobushushu yi-740-790 ℃, ukuze ufumane ngaphantsi ukuqina, ixesha lobushushu bobushushu kufuneka landiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukunyamezelana
Ngombhobho oYalelwe Ngaphakathi kweDamitha, iDiameter eNgaphakathi ayizukwahluka ngaPhantsi kwe ± 1 % ukusuka kwiDiameter echaziweyo ngaphakathi.
Ukwahluka okuvumelekileyo kwi-Diameter yangaphandle
| uMyili weNPS | Ukunyamezela okulungileyo | ukunyamezela okubi | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8to 11⁄2, Iquka | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-11⁄2 Ukuya ku-4, Iquka. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-4 ukuya ku-8, Iquka | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-8 ukuya kwi-12, Iquka. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-12 | ±1 % yeZikhankanyiweyo | |||
Inkqubo yokuvelisa:
I-A335 yenzelwe ngokwemeko yezixhobo zombhobho wensimbi weTianjin kunye neempawu zeA335 P9Inkqubo yentsimbi ye-P9 yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo:Ukwenziwa kwentsimbi yearc yombane → ukucocwa kweladle → ukucocwa kwevacuum → ukuphosa kufa → ityhubhu engenanto yokufogina → ityhubhu engenanto yokufunxa → ityhubhu engenanto yokufudumeza → ukugqobhoza okugudileyo → ukuqengqeleka kwetyhubhu ye-PQF eqhubekayo → ubungakanani bemilo emithathu → ukupholisa ibhedi yokupholisa ukusika → ukulungiswa kombhobho wentsimbi → ukufunyaniswa kokuvuza kwemagnethi → ubushushu unyango → ukulungisa → ukufunyaniswa kwesiphene se-ultrasonic → uvavanyo lwehydraulic → ubungakanani kunye nokuhlolwa kwenkangeleko →ukugcinwa.
inkqubo yokuvelisa:
| Inombolo yento | inkqubo yokuvelisa | Isenzo kunye noLawulo loMgangatho | |||
| 1 | Intlanganiso yokuhlolwa kwangaphambili | Imizuzu yentlanganiso | |||
| 2 | I-ASEA-SKF | Lungisa ukwakheka kweekhemikhali | |||
| *Uhlalutyo lokwakheka kweekhemikhali | |||||
| *ukunyibilika kobushushu | |||||
| 3 | CCM | billet | |||
| 4 | Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezikrwada | Ukuhlolwa okungenanto kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho | |||
| *Ubume bembonakalo: Umphezulu webhilethi kufuneka ungabinaziphene ezinje ngescarring, slag, pinholes, cracks, njl. | |||||
| 5 | Ukufudumeza okungenanto | Ukufudumeza iibhilidi kwisithando somlilo esijikelezayo | |||
| *Lawula ubushushu bokufudumala | |||||
| 6 | ukugqobhoza kombhobho | Gcoba ngenqindi yesalathiso/ipleyiti yesikhokhelo | |||
| *Lawula ubushushu xa ugqobhoza | |||||
| * Lawula ubungakanani emva kokugqobhoza | |||||
| 7 | Ishushu Iqengqiwe | I-Hot rolling kwii-tube Mills eziqhubekayo | |||
| *Seta ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho | |||||
| 8 | Ubungakanani | Lawula i-diameter yangaphandle kunye nemilinganiselo yobukhulu bodonga | |||
| * Gqibezela umatshini wedayamitha yangaphandle | |||||
| * Gqibezela ukutyeba kodonga | |||||
| 9 | ukwakheka kweekhemikhali | Uhlalutyo lwemichiza | |||
| * Iikhrayitheriya zokwamkelwa kokwakheka kweekhemikhali. Iziphumo zohlalutyo lweekhemikhali kufuneka zibhalwe kwincwadi yezinto eziphathekayo. | |||||
| 10 | Ukuqheleka + Ukuthoba | Ukunyangwa kokushisa (ukulungiswa) kwenziwa emva kokutshisa okutshisa. Ukunyanga ukushisa kufuneka kuhlawule ingqalelo ukulawula ukushisa kunye nobude. | |||
| Emva kokunyanga ubushushu, iipropathi zomatshini zemveliso kufuneka zihlangabezane nomgangatho we-ASTM A335 | |||||
| 11 | ukupholisa umoya | Ibhedi yokupholisa inyathelo ngenyathelo | |||
| 12 | ukusarha | Ukusarha kubude obuchaziweyo | |||
| * Ulawulo lombhobho wentsimbi | |||||
| 13 | Ukuthe tye (ukuba kuyimfuneko) | Ilawula ukuba tyaba. | |||
| Emva kokulungelelanisa, ukuthe tye kufuneka kuhambelane ne-ASTM A335 | |||||
| 14 | Ukuhlolwa kunye nokwamkelwa | Inkangeleko kunye noHlolo lweDimensional | |||
| *Ukunyamezelwa komgangatho wentsimbi kufuneka kuhambelane ne-ASTM A999 | |||||
| Qaphela: Ukunyamezela kwedayamitha yangaphandle: ±0.75%D | |||||
| *Uhlolo lwenkangeleko kufuneka lwenziwe nganye nganye ngokwemigangatho ye-ASTM A999 ukunqanda umphezulu ombi | |||||
| 15 | ukufumanisa isiphene | *Umzimba wonke wombhobho wentsimbi kufuneka uhlolwe nge-ultrasonically iziphene zelongitudinal ngokwe-ISO9303/E213 | |||
| Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic: | |||||
| 16 | Uvavanyo lwepropathi yoomatshini | (1) Uvavanyo lwe-Tensile (longitudinal) kunye novavanyo lwe-flattening | |||
| Ukuhlolwa rhoqo | I-5% / ibhetshi, ubuncinane i-tubes ezi-2 | ||||
| Min | Max | ||||
| P9 | Isivuno Amandla (Mpa) | 205 | |||
| amandla okuqina (MPa) | 415 | ||||
| Ukwandisa | Ngokomgangatho we-ASTM A335 | ||||
| Umfuniselo wokucaba | Ngokomgangatho we-ASTM A999 | ||||
| (2) Uvavanyo lokuqina | |||||
| Uvavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo: luyafana novavanyo lwe-tensile | Iqhekeza eli-1/ibhetshi | ||||
| HV&HRC | ≤250HV10&≤25 HRC HV10≤250&HRC≤25 | ||||
| Qaphela: umgangatho wokuvavanya ubulukhuni beVickers: ISO6507 okanye ASTM E92; | |||||
| Umgangatho wokuvavanya ubulukhuni be-Rockwell: ISO6508 okanye i-ASTM E18 | |||||
| 17 | NDT | Umbhobho ngamnye wensimbi uya kuvavanywa ngokuhambelana neemfuno zeendlela zokuvavanya i-E213, E309 okanye i-E570. | |||
| 18 | uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi | Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic ngokwe-ASTM A999, uxinzelelo lovavanyo | |||
| 19 | bevel | I-beveling ethobelayo yeziphelo zombini zombhobho wentsimbi ngokwe-ASTM B16.25fig.3 (a) | |||
| 20 | Umlinganiselo wobunzima kunye nobude | *Ukunyamezela ubunzima obunye: -6%~ +4%. | |||
| 21 | Umbhobho umgangatho | Umphandle wangaphandle wombhobho wensimbi uya kutshizwa ngokuhambelana ne-ASTM A335 esemgangathweni kunye neemfuno zabathengi. Imixholo yokumakisha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: | |||
| “Ubunzima boBude be-TPCO ASTM A335 Ubungakanani beNyanga yoNyaka P9 S LT**C ***MPa/NDE iNombolo yoBubushushu beLoti yeNombolo yeTube | |||||
| 22 | ipeyintiwe | Umphandle wombhobho upeyintwe ngokwemigangatho yefektri | |||
| 23 | umbhobho ekupheleni cap | **Makubekho iminqwazi yeplastiki kwiziphelo zombini zetyhubhu nganye | |||
| 24 | uluhlu lwezinto eziphathekayo | *Incwadi yezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka inikwe ngokwe-EN10204 3.1. "I-PO yoMthengi kufuneka iboniswe kwincwadi yezinto eziphathekayo. | |||
I-ASTM A335 P11 yintsimbi yentsimbi engenamthungo yeferritic yobushushu obuphezulu bomgangatho waseMelika. ityhubhu ye-alloy luhlobo lwetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, ukusebenza kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu kunetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, kuba olu hlobo lwetyhubhu yentsimbi iqulethe ngaphezulu kwe-C, ukusebenza kungaphantsi kwetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, ngoko ke ityhubhu yealloyi isetyenziswa kakhulu. kwi-petroleum, i-aerospace, ikhemikhali, amandla ombane, ibhoyila, umkhosi kunye namanye amashishini.
Isishwankathelo
| Umgangatho:I-ASTM A335 | Ingxubevange okanye hayi: Ingxubevange |
| IQela leBakala: P11 | Isicelo: Umbhobho weBoiler |
| Ukutyeba: 1 – 100 mm | Unyango loMphezulu: NjengeMfuno yoMthengi |
| Ububanzi bangaphandle (Umjikelezo): 10 - 1000 Mm | Ubuchwephesha: I-Hot Rolling/ Ebandayo |
| Ubude: Ubude obusisigxina okanye ubude obungacwangciswanga | UNyango loBubushushu: Ukuphelisa/uKuqheleka/Ubushushu |
| Ubume beCandelo: Round | Pecial Umbhobho: Umbhobho ongqindilili Wall |
| Indawo yemvelaphi: eTshayina | Ukusetyenziswa: Umbhobho woMphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu, iBoiler kunye noMtshintshi wobushushu |
| Isiqinisekiso: ISO9001:2008 | Uvavanyo: ET/UT |
ICandelo leMichiza
Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yokuqhekeka kwepetroleum
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P11 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5-1.00 | 0.30-0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.44-0.65 |
IPropati yoomatshini
| Iipropati | Idatha |
| Amandla okuqina, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Amandla esivuno, min, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Unyango lobushushu
|
IBanga | Uhlobo Lonyango Lobushushu | ULungelelaniso lweqondo lobushushu F [C] | I-Subcritical Annealing okanye i-Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, kunye neP22 | |||
| A335 P11 | I-Aneal epheleleyo okanye i-Isothermal | ||
| Qwalasela kwaye Nomsindo | ***** | 1250[650] |
Ukunyamezelana
Ngombhobho oYalelwe Ngaphakathi kweDamitha, iDiameter eNgaphakathi ayizukwahluka ngaPhantsi kwe ± 1 % ukusuka kwiDiameter echaziweyo ngaphakathi.
Ukwahluka okuvumelekileyo kwi-Diameter yangaphandle
| uMyili weNPS | Ukunyamezela okulungileyo | ukunyamezela okubi | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8to 11⁄2, Iquka | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-11⁄2 Ukuya ku-4, Iquka. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-4 ukuya ku-8, Iquka | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-8 ukuya kwi-12, Iquka. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-12 | ±1 % yeZikhankanyiweyo | |||
I-ASTM A335 P22ngumbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo wokusetyenziswa kweferritic yobushushu obuphezulu. ityhubhu ye-alloy luhlobo lwetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, ukusebenza kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu kunetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, kuba olu hlobo lwetyhubhu yentsimbi iqulethe ngaphezulu kwe-C, ukusebenza kungaphantsi kwetyhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo, ngoko ke ityhubhu yealloyi isetyenziswa kakhulu. kwi-petroleum, i-aerospace, ikhemikhali, amandla ombane, ibhoyila, umkhosi kunye namanye amashishini.
Isishwankathelo
| Umgangatho:I-ASTM A335 | Ingxubevange okanye hayi: Ingxubevange |
| IQela leBakala: P22 | Isicelo: Umbhobho weBoiler |
| Ukutyeba: 1 – 100 mm | Unyango loMphezulu: NjengeMfuno yoMthengi |
| Ububanzi bangaphandle (Umjikelezo): 10 - 1000 Mm | Ubuchwephesha: I-Hot Rolling/ Ebandayo |
| Ubude: Ubude obusisigxina okanye ubude obungacwangciswanga | UNyango loBubushushu: Ukuphelisa/uKuqheleka/Ubushushu |
| Ubume beCandelo: Round | Pecial Umbhobho: Umbhobho ongqindilili Wall |
| Indawo yemvelaphi: eTshayina | Ukusetyenziswa: Umbhobho woMphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu, iBoiler kunye noMtshintshi wobushushu |
| Isiqinisekiso: ISO9001:2008 | Uvavanyo: ET/UT |
ICandelo leMichiza
Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yokuqhekeka kwepetroleum
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P22 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.90-2.60 | 0.87-1.13 |
IPropati yoomatshini
| Iipropati | Idatha |
| Amandla okuqina, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Amandla esivuno, min, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Unyango lobushushu
|
IBanga | Uhlobo Lonyango Lobushushu | ULungelelaniso lweqondo lobushushu F [C] | I-Subcritical Annealing okanye i-Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, kunye neP22 | |||
| A335 P22 | I-Aneal epheleleyo okanye i-Isothermal | ||
| Qwalasela kwaye Nomsindo | ***** | 1250[650] |
Ukunyamezelana
Ngombhobho oYalelwe Ngaphakathi kweDamitha, iDiameter eNgaphakathi ayizukwahluka ngaPhantsi kwe ± 1 % ukusuka kwiDiameter echaziweyo ngaphakathi.
Ukwahluka okuvumelekileyo kwi-Diameter yangaphandle
| uMyili weNPS | Ukunyamezela okulungileyo | ukunyamezela okubi | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8to 11⁄2, Iquka | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-11⁄2 Ukuya ku-4, Iquka. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-4 ukuya ku-8, Iquka | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-8 ukuya kwi-12, Iquka. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-12 | ±1 % yeZikhankanyiweyo | |||
I-A335 P22 yintsimbi ye-2.25Cr-1Mo Chromium-molybdenum Ubushushu obuphezulu bentsimbi yeebhoyila kunye nezifudumezi ezinkulu,I-ASTM A335/A335Mumgangatho. Kwi-1985, yatshintshwa kwi-GB5310 kwaye yabizwa ngokuba yi-12Cr2MoG. Amanye amazwe anamabakala entsimbi afanayo, afana neFederal Republic of Germany 10CrMo910 kunye neJapan STBA24. Kuluhlu lwentsimbi ye-cr-1Mo, amandla ayo ashushu aphezulu kakhulu, phantsi kobushushu obufanayo (iqondo lobushushu≤580℃) amandla ayo okuqhekeka kwesikrufu kunye noxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo lungaphezulu nangaphezulu kunentsimbi ye-9CR-1Mo, kwaye inokusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenzwa kunye nokusebenza kwe-welding, iplastikhi elungileyo ehlala ixesha elide. Ke ngoko, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwindawo yokusebenza erhabaxa, njengamandla obushushu, amandla enyukliya kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-hydrogen kwimibhobho eyahlukeneyo yokufudumeza kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Ubushushu obuvumelekileyo: A335P22 (SA-213T22) isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-300,600MW kunye nezinye isityalo samandla esikhulu sebhoyila eludongeni lobushushu.≤580℃iheater enkulu kunye nodonga lobushushu ityhubhu & LT;540℃umbhobho womphunga eludongeni kunye nentloko, olu hlobo lwentsimbi luye lwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi eUnited States, eJapan naseYurophu, lunembali ende yokusebenza kwizityalo zamandla, lusebenza oluzinzileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yentsimbi evuthiweyo.
Intsimbi ye-12Cr1MoV yeye-chromium-molybdenum vanadium yentsimbi ye-vanadium, isetyenziselwa ikakhulu i-12Cr1MoV/GB5310 yentsimbi yombhobho. Isetyenziswa kakhulu, bubushushu obukwi-480℃~580℃indawo yokushisa ephezulu kunye nenye yezona zinto zininzi. I-12Cr1MoVG yobushushu benkonzo yetyhubhu yentsimbi: isetyenziselwa eyona ntsimbi ingundoqo yetyhubhu ye-superheater, iheader kunye nombhobho womphunga webhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu obushushu bodonga lwetyhubhu bungaphantsi okanye bulingana no-580.℃.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa:Uvavanyo lobulukhuni:
1. Ukuqengqeleka okushushu (ityhubhu yentsimbi ekhutshiweyo engenamthungo) : ityhubhu engqukuva yebillet → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → ukuqengqeleka okunqamlezayo okuqengqelekayo okuqengqelekayo → ukuhluba ityhubhu → ukulinganisa (okanye ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → ukolula → uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi (okanye ukufumanisa isiphene ) → ukuphawula → ugcino
2. Umzobo obandayo (uqengqeleka) ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo: ityhubhu engqukuva → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → isihloko → ukuqhola → ukuchola → ukufakwa kwe-oyile (icwecwe lobhedu) → umzobo obandayo ohamba ngeendlela ezininzi (ukuqengqeleka okubandayo) → ityhubhu engenanto → unyango lobushushu → ukulungisa → amanzi uvavanyo loxinzelelo (uphawu lwesiphene) → ukuphawula → ugcino
Ukupakisha:
Ukupakishwa okungenanto / ukupakishwa kwebhandle / ukupakishwa kwekhreyithi / ukhuseleko lwamaplanga kumacala omabini eityhubhu kwaye ikhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuhanjiswa okuxabisa ulwandle okanye njengoko kuceliwe.
Isishwankathelo
P92 umgangatho ophezulu kwibhoyila ityhubhu ingxubevange umbhobho ingxubevange.
| Umgangatho:I-ASTM A335 | Ingxubevange okanye hayi: Ingxubevange |
| IQela leBakala: P92 | Isicelo: Umbhobho weBoiler |
| Ukutyeba: 1 – 100 mm | Unyango loMphezulu: NjengeMfuno yoMthengi |
| Ububanzi bangaphandle (Umjikelezo): 10 - 1000 Mm | Ubuchwephesha: I-Hot Rolling/ Ebandayo |
| Ubude: Ubude obusisigxina okanye ubude obungacwangciswanga | UNyango loBubushushu: Ukuphelisa/uKuqheleka/Ubushushu |
| Ubume beCandelo: Round | Pecial Umbhobho: Umbhobho ongqindilili Wall |
| Indawo yemvelaphi: eTshayina | Ukusetyenziswa: Umbhobho woMphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu, iBoiler kunye noMtshintshi wobushushu |
| Isiqinisekiso: ISO9001:2008 | Uvavanyo: ET/UT |
ICandelo leMichiza
Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yokuqhekeka kwepetroleum
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P92 | 0.07-0.13 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 8.50-9.5 | 0.30-0.60 |
IPropati yoomatshini
| Iipropati | Idatha |
| Amandla okuqina, min, (MPa) | 620 Mpa |
| Amandla esivuno, min, (MPa) | 440Mpa |
Unyango lobushushu
|
IBanga | Uhlobo Lonyango Lobushushu | ULungelelaniso lweqondo lobushushu F [C] | I-Subcritical Annealing okanye i-Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, kunye neP22 | |||
| A335 P92 | I-Aneal epheleleyo okanye i-Isothermal | ||
| Qwalasela kwaye Nomsindo | ***** | 1250[675] |
Ukunyamezelana
Ngombhobho oYalelwe Ngaphakathi kweDamitha, iDiameter eNgaphakathi ayizukwahluka ngaPhantsi kwe ± 1 % ukusuka kwiDiameter echaziweyo ngaphakathi.
Ukwahluka okuvumelekileyo kwi-Diameter yangaphandle
| uMyili weNPS | Ukunyamezela okulungileyo | ukunyamezela okubi | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8to 11⁄2, Iquka | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-11⁄2 Ukuya ku-4, Iquka. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-4 ukuya ku-8, Iquka | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-8 ukuya kwi-12, Iquka. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-12 | ±1 % yeZikhankanyiweyo | |||
