Tlhahiso e Ncha ea ASTM A335 P91 P11 P12 P22 Seamless Alloy Steel Pipe
Khampani ea rona e khomarela molao-motheo oa "Boleng ke bophelo ba khoebo, 'me boemo e ka ba moea oa eona" bakeng sa New Delivery bakeng sa ASTM A335 P91 P11 P12 P22 Seamless Alloy Pipe, esale re ntse re batlana le ho haha. lihokelo tse ntle le tse thusang le bafani bohle ka har'a polanete. Re u amohela ka mofuthu hore u ikopanye le rona ho qala lipuisano tsa hore na re ka etsa sena joang.
Khamphani ea rona e khomarela molao-motheo oa "Boleng ke bophelo ba khoebo, 'me boemo e ka ba moea oa eona"China Alloy Steel Pipe le ASTM A335 P91 Alloy Seamless Steel Pipe, Ha re na ho tsoela pele ho hlahisa tataiso ea botekgeniki ea litsebi tse tsoang lapeng le kantle ho naha, empa hape re ntlafatse lihlahisoa tse ncha le tse tsoetseng pele khafetsa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa bareki ba rona lefatšeng ka bophara ka mokhoa o khotsofatsang.
Kakaretso
| Tekanyetso: ASTM A335 | Alloy kapa Che: Alloy |
| Sehlopha sa Sehlopha: P5,P9,P11,P22,P91,P92 Etc. | Kopo: Pipe ea Boiler |
| Botenya: 1 - 100 mm | Kalafo ea Bokaholimo: Joalo ka Tlhokahalo ea Bareki |
| Bophara ba Kantle(Ho potoloha): 10 - 1000 Mm | Theknoloji: Ho bidika ka ho tjhesa/ Ho tsuwa ka serame |
| Bolelele: Bolelele bo Tsitsitseng Kapa Bolelele bo Randomhang | Kalafo ea Mocheso: Annealing/Normalizing/Tempering |
| Sebopeho sa Karolo: Ho potoloha | Pipe e Khethehileng: Pipe e Tenya ea Lerako |
| Sebaka sa Tšimoloho: China | Tšebeliso: Pipe ea Mouoane oa Khatello e Phahameng, Boiler le Mocheso oa Mocheso |
| Setifikeiti: ISO9001:2008 | Teko: ET/UT |
Kopo
E sebelisoa haholo ho etsa phala ea boleng bo holimo ea tšepe ea alloy, phala e fapanyetsanoang mocheso, phala e matla ea mouoane bakeng sa indasteri ea peterole le ea lik'hemik'hale.
Kereiti e ka Sehloohong
Mophato oa phala ea boleng bo holimo ea alloy
5,P9,P11,P22,P91,P92 joalo-joalo
Karolo ea Lik'hemik'hale
| Kereiti | UN | C≤ | Mn | P≤ | S≤ | Si≤ | Cr | Mo |
| Sequiv. | ||||||||
| P1 | K11522 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0,80 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0,50 | - | 0.44 ~ 0,65 |
| P2 | K11547 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0,61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.30 | 0.50~0,81 | 0.44 ~ 0,65 |
| P5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44 ~ 0,65 |
| P5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00~2.00 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44 ~ 0,65 |
| P5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44 ~ 0,65 |
| P9 | S50400 | 0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50 ~ 1.00 | 8.00~10.00 | 0.44 ~ 0,65 |
| P11 | K11597 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0,61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50 ~ 1.00 | 1.00 ~ 1.50 | 0.44 ~ 0,65 |
| P12 | K11562 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 0.80~1,25 | 0.44 ~ 0,65 |
| P15 | K11578 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.15 ~ 1.65 | - | 0.44 ~ 0,65 |
| P21 | K31545 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 2.65~3.35 | 0.80 ~ 1,60 |
| P22 | K21590 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 1.90~2,60 | 0.87~1.13 |
| P91 | K91560 | 0.08~0.12 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20~0,50 | 8.00~9.50 | 0.85~1.05 |
| P92 | K92460 | 0.07~0.13 | 0.30~0,60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 8.50~9.50 | 0.30~0,60 |
Lebitso le lecha le thehiloeng ho latela Practice E 527 le SAE J1086, Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS). B Grade P 5c e tla ba le titanium content e seng ka tlase ho makhetlo a 4 ho feta khabone le ho feta 0.70%; kapa dikahare tsa columbium tsa 8 ho isa ho 10 makhetlo a khabone.
Thepa ea Mechini
| Thepa ea mechine | P1,P2 | P12 | P23 | P91 | P92,P11 | P122 |
| Matla a tšepe | 380 | 415 | 510 | 585 | 620 | 620 |
| Ho hlahisa matla | 205 | 220 | 400 | 415 | 440 | 400 |
Kalafo ea Mocheso
| Kereiti | Mofuta oa Phekolo ea Mocheso | Boemo bo Tloaelehileng ba Thempereichara F [C] | Subcritical Annealing kapa Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, le P22 | Boemo ba Mocheso F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (b,c) | Anneal e felletseng kapa ea Isothermal | ||
| Tloaeleha le ho halefa | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| Subcritical Anneal (P5c feela) | ***** | 1325 - 1375 [715 - 745] | |
| A335 P9 | Anneal e felletseng kapa ea Isothermal | ||
| Tloaeleha le ho halefa | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P11 | Anneal e felletseng kapa ea Isothermal | ||
| Tloaeleha le ho halefa | ***** | 1200 [650] | |
| A335 P22 | Anneal e felletseng kapa ea Isothermal | ||
| Tloaeleha le ho halefa | ***** | 1250 [675] | |
| A335 P91 | Tloaeleha le ho halefa | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
| Tlosa le ho halefa | 1900-1975 [1040 - 1080] | 1350-1470 [730 - 800] |
Mamello
Bakeng sa phala e laetsoeng ka bophara ba ka hare, bophara ba ka hare bo ke ke ba fapana ho feta 6 1% ho tloha ho bophara bo boletsoeng ka hare.
Phapang e lumellehang ka bophara ba kantle
| Moqapi oa NPS | in | mm | in | mm |
| 1⁄8ho 11⁄2, ho kenyeletsa | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ho feta 11⁄2 ho isa ho 4, ho kenyeletsa. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 4 ho isa ho 8, ho kenyeletsa | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 8 ho isa ho 12, ho kenyeletsoa. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 12 | 6 1% ea tse boletsoeng kantle bophara |
Tlhokahalo ea Teko
Teko ea Hydraustatic:
Pipe ea tšepe e Lokela ho Lekoa Hydraulically One By One. Khatello e phahameng ea teko ke 20 MPa. Tlas'a Khatello ea Teko, Nako ea Botsitso ha ea lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 10 S, 'me Pipe ea tšepe ha ea lokela ho Lula.
Ka mor'a hore Mosebelisi a Lumellane, Tlhahlobo ea Hydraulic e ka nkeloa sebaka ke tlhahlobo ea Eddy Current kapa Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing.
Teko e sa Senyeheng:
Liphaephe tse Hlokang Tlhahlobo e Felletseng li Lokela ho hlahlojoa ka mokhoa o le mong ka bonngoe. Ka mor'a hore Puisano e Hloka Tumello ea Mokha 'me e hlalositsoe Konterakang, Litlhahlobo tse ling tse sa senyeheng li ka eketsoa.
Teko ea ho batalatsa:
Li-tubes tse nang le bophara ba ka ntle ho feta 22 mm li tla kengoa tekong ea ho batalla. Ha ho Delamination e Bonahalang, Matheba a Masoeu, Kapa Litšila tse Lokelang ho Etsahala Nakong ea Teko Eohle.
Teko ea Matla:
Bakeng sa liteko tsa ho thatafala ha peipi ea Kereiti ea P91, P92, P122, le P911, Brinell, Vickers, kapa Rockwell e tla etsoa ho latela mohlala oa lotho ka 'ngoe.
Teko ea Bend:
Bakeng sa phaephe eo bophara ba eona bo fetang NPS 25 le eo bophara ba eona botenya ba lebota e leng 7.0 kapa ka tlase ho eona e tla etsoa teko ea ho kobeha ho fapana le teko ea ho batalla. Peipi e 'ngoe eo bophara ba eona bo lekanang kapa bo fetang NPS 10 e ka fuoa teko ea ho koba sebakeng sa teko ea ho batalatsa ho ipapisitsoe le tumello ea moreki.
Lintlha tsa Sehlahisoa
Video
Tube ea boiler
GB/T5310-2017
ASME SA-106/SA-106M-2015
ASTMA210(A210M)-2012
ASME SA-213/SA-213M
ASTM A335/A335M-2018
Khampani ea rona e khomarela molao-motheo oa "Boleng ke bophelo ba khoebo, 'me boemo e ka ba moea oa eona" bakeng sa New Delivery bakeng sa ASTM A335 P91 P11 P12 P22 Seamless Alloy Pipe, esale re ntse re batlana le ho haha. lihokelo tse ntle le tse thusang le bafani bohle ka har'a polanete. Re u amohela ka mofuthu hore u ikopanye le rona ho qala lipuisano tsa hore na re ka etsa sena joang.
Tlhahiso e ncha bakeng saChina Alloy Steel Pipe le ASTM A335 P91 Alloy Seamless Steel Pipe, Ha re na ho tsoela pele ho hlahisa tataiso ea botekgeniki ea litsebi tse tsoang lapeng le kantle ho naha, empa hape re ntlafatse lihlahisoa tse ncha le tse tsoetseng pele khafetsa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa bareki ba rona lefatšeng ka bophara ka mokhoa o khotsofatsang.
ASTM A335 P5ke alloy steel seamless ferritic phala e phahameng ea mocheso ea maemo a Amerika. Alloy tube ke mofuta oa tšepe ea tšepe e se nang seam, ts'ebetso ea eona e phahame haholo ho feta e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e se nang seam, hobane mofuta ona oa tšepe o na le C e ngata, ts'ebetso e tlase ho feta e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e se nang seam, kahoo alloy tube e sebelisoa haholo. ka petroleum, aerospace, lik'hemik'hale, matla a motlakase, boiler, sesole le liindasteri tse ling.
Pipe ea tšepe ea alloy e na le likarolo tse ngata ntle le k'habone tse kang nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium le likarolo tse fokolang tsa lintho tse ling tse amoheloang hangata joalo ka manganese, sebabole, silicon le phosphorous.
Tšebeliso e tšoanang ea tšepe ea alloy ea malapeng : 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Tekanyetso ea Pipe ea Seamless Steel bakeng sa Ho Hlaha ha Petroleum"
- Tefo: 30% depositi, 70% L/C Kapa B/L Copy Kapa 100% L/C Pono
- Min.Order Palo: 1 PC
- Bokhoni ba Phepelo: Selemo le selemo Lithane tsa 20000 Inventory Of Pipe ea tšepe
- Nako ea Pele: Matsatsi a 7-14 Haeba a le Stock, Matsatsi a 30-45 a ho Hlahisa
- Packing:Black Vanishing, Bevel And Cap For Mong le e Mong Pipe Single; OD e ka tlase ho 219mm e hloka ho paka ka bongata, 'me bongata bo bong le bo bong ha bo fete lithane tse peli.
Kakaretso
| Tloaelo:ASTM A335 | Alloy kapa Che: Alloy |
| Sehlopha sa Kereiti: P5 | Kopo: Pipe ea Boiler |
| Botenya: 1 - 100 mm | Kalafo ea Bokaholimo: Joalo ka Tlhokahalo ea Bareki |
| Bophara ba Kantle(Ho potoloha): 10 - 1000 Mm | Theknoloji: Ho bidika ka ho tjhesa/ Ho tsuwa ka serame |
| Bolelele: Bolelele bo Tsitsitseng Kapa Bolelele bo Randomhang | Kalafo ea Mocheso: Annealing/Normalizing/Tempering |
| Sebopeho sa Karolo: Ho potoloha | Pipe e Khethehileng: Pipe e Tenya ea Lerako |
| Sebaka sa Tšimoloho: China | Tšebeliso: Pipe ea Mouoane oa Khatello e Phahameng, Boiler le Mocheso oa Mocheso |
| Setifikeiti: ISO9001:2008 | Teko: ET/UT |
Kopo
E Haholo-holo e Sebelisoa ho Etsa Pipe ea Boiler ea Alloy ea boleng bo holimo, Pipe e Fetolanang Mocheso, Pipe ea Mouoane e Phahameng ea Khatello bakeng sa Indasteri ea Petroleum le Lik'hemik'hale.
Karolo ea Lik'hemik'hale
| Litlhapi | Lintlha |
| Tlhahiso ea UNS | K41545 |
| Khabone(max.) | 0.15 |
| Manganese | 0.30-0.60 |
| Phosphorus(max.) | 0.025 |
| Silicone(max.) | 0.50 |
| Chromium | 4.00-6.00 |
| Molybdenum | 0.45-0,65 |
| Lintlha Tse Ling | … |
Thepa ea Mechini
| Thepa | Lintlha |
| Tensile Strength, Min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Yield Strength, Min, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Elongation, Min, (%), L/T | 30/20 |
Kalafo ea Mocheso
| Kereiti | Mofuta oa Phekolo ea Mocheso | Boemo bo Tloaelehileng ba Thempereichara F [C] | Subcritical Annealing Kapa Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, le P22 | Boemo ba Mocheso F [C] | ||
| A335 P5 (B,C) | E Felletse Kapa Isothermal Anneal | ||
| A335 P5b | Normalize And Temper | ***** | 1250 [675] |
| A335 P5c | Subcritical Anneal | ***** | 1325 - 1375 [715 - 745] |
Mamello
Bakeng sa Pipe e laetsoeng ho ea ka hare ho bophara ba bophara, bophara ba ka hare bo ke ke ba fapana ho feta ± 1% ho tloha ho bophara bo boletsoeng bo ka hare.
Liphapang tse lumelletsoeng ka bophara ba kantle
| Moqapi oa NPS | Mamello e ntle | mamello e mpe | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8to 11⁄2, Kenyellelitse | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ho feta 11⁄2 Ho isa ho 4, Kenyellelitse. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 4 Ho isa ho 8, Kenyellelitse | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 8 Ho isa ho 12, Kenyellelitse. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 12 | ± 1% ea Tse boletsoeng Kantle Diameter | |||
Tlhokahalo ea Teko
Teko ea Hydraustatic:
Pipe ea tšepe e Lokela ho Lekoa Hydraulically One By One. Khatello e phahameng ea teko ke 20 MPa. Tlas'a Khatello ea Teko, Nako ea Botsitso ha ea lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 10 S, 'me Pipe ea tšepe ha ea lokela ho Lula.
Ka mor'a hore Mosebelisi a Lumellane, Tlhahlobo ea Hydraulic e ka nkeloa sebaka ke tlhahlobo ea Eddy Current kapa Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing.
Teko e sa Senyeheng:
Liphaephe tse Hlokang Tlhahlobo e Felletseng li Lokela ho hlahlojoa ka mokhoa o le mong ka bonngoe. Ka mor'a hore Puisano e Hloka Tumello ea Mokha 'me e hlalositsoe Konterakang, Litlhahlobo tse ling tse sa senyeheng li ka eketsoa.
Teko ea ho batalatsa:
Li-tubes tse nang le bophara ba ka ntle ho feta 22 mm li tla kengoa tekong ea ho batalla. Ha ho Delamination e Bonahalang, Matheba a Masoeu, Kapa Litšila tse Lokelang ho Etsahala Nakong ea Teko Eohle.
Teko ea Matla:
Bakeng sa Pipe Of Grades P91, P92, P122, And P911, Brinell, Vickers, Or Rockwell Hardness Liteko li Tla Etsoa ka Setšoantšo sa Lotho ka 'ngoe.
Teko ea Bend:
Bakeng sa Pipe eo Diameter ea eona e Fetang NPS 25 'me Eo Diameter ho Botenya ba Lebota e leng 7.0 Kapa ka tlase ho Tla Beha Tekong ea Bend ho e-na le Teko ea ho Batalatsa. Pipe e 'ngoe eo Diamethara ea eona e lekanang kapa e Fetang NPS 10 e ka Fuoa Teko ea Bend Sebakeng sa Teko e Felletseng Ho latela Tumello ea Moreki.
Thepa & Tlhahiso
Pipe e ka 'na ea chesa e felile kapa ea bata ka mokhoa oa ho qetela oa phekolo o boletsoeng ka tlase.
Kalafo ea Mocheso
- A / N+T
- N+T / Q+T
- N+T
Liteko tsa Mechini li Boletsoe
- Teko ea Tension ea Transverse kapa Longitudinal le Teko ea ho Belafatsa, Tlhahlobo ea boima, kapa Teko ea Bend
- Bakeng sa mocheso oa thepa o tšoaroang ka sebōping sa mofuta oa batch, liteko li lokela ho etsoa ho 5% ea phala ho tloha sebakeng se seng le se seng se phekoloang. Bakeng sa lotho tse nyane, bonyane phala e le 'ngoe e tla lekoa.
- Bakeng sa mocheso oa thepa o tšoaroang ke ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele, liteko li tla etsoa ka palo e lekaneng ea pipe ho etsa 5% ea lotho, empa ha ho joalo ka tlase ho 2 pipe.
Lintlha tsa Teko ea Bend:
- Bakeng sa phaephe eo bophara ba eona bo fetang NPS 25 le eo bophara ba eona botenya ba lebota e leng 7.0 kapa ka tlase ho eona e tla etsoa teko ea ho kobeha ho fapana le teko ea ho batalla.
- Peipi e 'ngoe eo bophara ba eona bo lekanang kapa bo fetang NPS 10 e ka fuoa teko ea ho khopama sebakeng sa teko ea ho batalatsa ho ipapisitsoe le tumello ea moreki.
- Mehlala ea tlhahlobo ea bend e tla kobeha mocheso oa kamore ka 180 ntle le ho peperana ka ntle ho karolo e kobehileng.
ASTM A335 P5li-tubes tsa tšepe tse se nang metsi li loketse metsi, mouoane, hydrogen, oli e bolila, joalo-joalo Haeba e sebelisetsoa mouoane oa metsi, mocheso oa eona o phahameng oa ho sebetsa ke 650.℃; Ha e sebelisoa sebakeng sa ho sebetsa joalo ka oli e bolila, e na le mocheso o phahameng oa sebabole o hanyetsanang le kutu, 'me hangata e sebelisoa maemong a mocheso a phahameng a mocheso oa sebabole oa 288 ~ 550.℃.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
1. Hot rolling (extruded seamless steel tube) : round tube billet → futhumatsang → perforation → three-roll cross rolling, continuous rolling or extrusion → tube stripping → sizing (kapa ho fokotsa) → cooling → straightening → teko ea khatello ea metsi (kapa ho lemoha sekoli ) → ho tšoaea → polokelo
2. Motako o batang (o bilikang) oa tšepe o se nang seamless: tube e pota-potileng → ho futhumatsa → ho phunyeletsa → sehlooho → ho phunya → ho penta → ho tlotsa oli (copper plating) → setšoantšo se batang se nang le mefuta e mengata (ho batang) → tube e se nang letho → phekolo ea mocheso → ho otlolla → metsi teko ea khatello (ho lemoha liphoso) → ho tšoaea → polokelo
Maemo a Kopo:
Ka lisebelisoa tsa sepakapaka le tsa vacuum bakeng sa ho lokisa oli e tala ea sebabole e phahameng,ASTM A335 P5li-tubes tsa tšepe tse se nang moroalo li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa liphaephe tse ka tlase tsa sepakapaka le litora tsa vacuum, li-tubes tsa sebōpi tsa sepakapaka le libopi tsa vacuum, likarolo tse lebelo tse phahameng tsa mehala ea ho fetola oli ea sepakapaka le ea vacuum le lipeipi tse ling tsa mocheso o phahameng oa oli le khase tse nang le sebabole.
Ka likarolo tsa FCC,ASTM A335 P5liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang seamless li sebelisoa haholo ho slurry ea mocheso o phahameng, li-catalyst le lipeipi tsa ho hloekisa tse khutlang, hammoho le lipeipi tse ling tsa mocheso o phahameng oa sebabole le lipeipi tsa khase.
Ka yuniti ea ho pheha e liehang,ASTM A335 P5phala ea tšepe e se nang seamless e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa phala ea phepelo ea mocheso o phahameng botlaaseng ba tora ea coke le oli e phahameng ea mocheso le peipi ea khase e kaholimo ho tora ea coke, phala ea sebōpi e ka tlase ho sebōpi sa coke, phala e ka tlase ea tora e qhekellang le tse ling. oli e phahameng ea mocheso le peipi ea khase e nang le sebabole.
Pipe ea tšepe ea alloy e na le likarolo tse ngata ntle le k'habone tse kang nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium le likarolo tse fokolang tsa lintho tse ling tse amoheloang hangata joalo ka manganese, sebabole, silicon le phosphorous..
ASTM A335 P9 ke alloy steel seamless ferritic phala e phahameng ea mocheso ea maemo a Amerika. Alloy tube ke mofuta oa tšepe ea tšepe e se nang seam, ts'ebetso ea eona e phahame haholo ho feta e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e se nang seam, hobane mofuta ona oa tšepe o na le C e ngata, ts'ebetso e tlase ho feta e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e se nang seam, kahoo alloy tube e sebelisoa haholo. ka petroleum, aerospace, lik'hemik'hale, matla a motlakase, boiler, sesole le liindasteri tse ling.
A335 P9ke tšepe ea mocheso e phahameng ea chromium-molybdenum alloy e hanyetsanang le mocheso e hlahisoang ho latela maemo a Amerika. Ka lebaka la khanyetso ea eona e ntle ea oxidation, matla a mocheso o phahameng le sulfide corrosion resistance, e sebelisoa haholo mochesong o phahameng le khatello e phahameng ea liphaephe tse tukang le tse phatlohang tsa limela tse hloekisang peterole, haholo-holo phala ea mocheso o tobileng oa sebōpi se futhumatsang, mocheso o mahareng o ka fihla ho 550 ~ 600 ℃ .
Tšebeliso e tšoanang ea tšepe ea alloy ea malapeng : 1Cr5Mo GB 9948-2006 "Tekanyetso ea Pipe ea Seamless Steel bakeng sa Ho Hlaha ha Petroleum"
Kakaretso
| Tloaelo:ASTM A335 | Alloy kapa Che: Alloy |
| Sehlopha sa Sehlopha: P9 | Kopo: Pipe ea Boiler |
| Botenya: 1 - 100 mm | Kalafo ea Bokaholimo: Joalo ka Tlhokahalo ea Bareki |
| Bophara ba Kantle(Ho potoloha): 10 - 1000 Mm | Theknoloji: Ho bidika ka ho tjhesa/ Ho tsuwa ka serame |
| Bolelele: Bolelele bo Tsitsitseng Kapa Bolelele bo Randomhang | Kalafo ea Mocheso: Annealing/Normalizing/Tempering |
| Sebopeho sa Karolo: Ho potoloha | Pecial Pipe: Pipe e Tenya ea Lebota |
| Sebaka sa Tšimoloho: China | Tšebeliso: Pipe ea Mouoane oa Khatello e Phahameng, Boiler le Mocheso oa Mocheso |
| Setifikeiti: ISO9001:2008 | Teko: ET/UT |
Karolo ea Lik'hemik'hale
Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale oa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang moeli bakeng sa ho phunyeha ha peterole
| ASTM A335M | C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
| P9 | ≦0.15 | 0.25-1.00 | 0.30-0.60 | ≦0.025 | ≦0.025 | 8.00-10.00 | 0.90-1.10 |
Thepa ea Mechini
| Thepa | Lintlha |
| Matla a tsitsitseng, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Matla a chai, min, (MPa) | 205 Mpa |
| Elongation, min, (%), L/T | 14 |
| HB | 180 |
Kalafo ea Mocheso
|
Kereiti | Mofuta oa Phekolo ea Mocheso | Boemo bo Tloaelehileng ba Thempereichara F [C] | Subcritical Annealing Kapa Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, le P22 | |||
| A335 P9 | E Felletse Kapa Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Normalize And Temper | ***** | 1250 [675] |
A335 P9e ka alafshoa ka mocheso ka ho annealing kapa normalizing + tempering process. Annealing tshebetso tsidifatso lebelo butle, ama morethetho oa tlhahiso, tshebetso tlhahiso ke ho le thata ho laola, le theko e phahameng; Ka hona, tlhahiso ea sebele ka seoelo sebelisa annealing mocheso kalafo tshebetso, hangata sebelisa normalizing + tempering mocheso kalafo ho e-na annealing tshebetso, ho finyella tlhahiso ea indasteri.
A335 P9tšepe hobane ha e na V, Nb le lintho tse ling tse microalloying, kahoo mocheso normalizing ho feta A335 P91 tšepe e tlaase, 950 ~ 1050 ℃, tšoara bakeng sa 1h, tshebetso ha normalizing boholo ba carbide qhala empa ha ho na kholo ea lijo-thollo e hlakileng, empa mocheso o phahameng haholo o tloaelehileng o tloaetse ho ja lijo-thollo tsa austenite: mocheso oa mocheso ke 740-790 ℃, e le ho fumana tlase. boima, nako ea mocheso oa mocheso e lokela ho atolosoa ka nepo.
Mamello
Bakeng sa Pipe e laetsoeng ho ea ka hare ho bophara ba bophara, bophara ba ka hare bo ke ke ba fapana ho feta ± 1% ho tloha ho bophara bo boletsoeng bo ka hare.
Liphapang tse lumelletsoeng ka bophara ba kantle
| Moqapi oa NPS | Mamello e ntle | mamello e mpe | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8to 11⁄2, Kenyellelitse | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ho feta 11⁄2 Ho isa ho 4, Kenyellelitse. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 4 Ho isa ho 8, Kenyellelitse | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 8 Ho isa ho 12, Kenyellelitse. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 12 | ± 1% ea Tse boletsoeng | |||
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
A335 e etselitsoe ho ea ka thepa boemo ba Tianjin tšepe phala le litšobotsi tsaA335 P9Ts'ebetso ea ho etsa liteko tsa tšepe ea P9 ea phala ea tšepe e se nang moroalo:Motlakase oa arc ho etsa tšepe → ho hloekisa ladle → vacuum degassing → die casting → tube blank forging → tube blank annealing → tube e se nang letho ea ho futhumatsa → ho phunya ka mohatla → PQF e tsoelang pele ea rolling mill tube rolling → boholo ba li-roll tse tharo → pholiso ea bethe e pholileng ho seha → ho otlolla peipi ea tšepe → tšibollo ea ho lutla ha makenete → mocheso kalafo → ho otlolla → ho lemoha mefokolo ea ultrasonic → tlhahlobo ea haeteroliki → tlhahlobo ea boholo le ponahalo → polokelo.
ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso:
| Nomoro ea ntho | ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso | Ketso le Taolo ea Boleng | |||
| 1 | Seboka sa pele ho tlhahlobo | Metsotso ea kopano | |||
| 2 | ASEA-SKF | Fetola sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale | |||
| *Tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale | |||||
| *mocheso o qhibilihang | |||||
| 3 | CCM | billet | |||
| 4 | Tlhahlobo ea thepa e tala | Tlhahlobo e se nang letho le netefatso ea boleng | |||
| *Maemo a ponahalo: Bokaholimo ba billet ha boa lokela ho ba le bofokoli bo kang scarring, slag, pinholes, cracks, joalo-joalo. Lits'oants'o, likoti le likoti ha lia lokela ho feta 2.5mm. | |||||
| 5 | Ho futhumatsa ho se nang letho | Ho futhumatsa li-billet ka sebōping sa rotary | |||
| *Laola mocheso oa mocheso | |||||
| 6 | ho phunyeha ha lipeipi | Hlaba ka setebele sa poleiti ea tataiso | |||
| *Laola mocheso ha o phunya | |||||
| * Laola boholo ka mor'a ho phunya | |||||
| 7 | Hot Rolled | Ho roala ho chesang ka har'a limilone tsa li-tube tse tsoelang pele | |||
| * Beha botenya ba lebota la phala | |||||
| 8 | Boholo | Laola bophara ba ka ntle le litekanyo tsa botenya ba lebota | |||
| * Machining a felletseng a bophara ba kantle | |||||
| * Felletse lerako botenya machining | |||||
| 9 | sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale | Tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale | |||
| * Mekhoa ea ho amoheloa bakeng sa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale. Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale li lokela ho ngoloa bukeng ea thepa. | |||||
| 10 | Normalizing + Tempering | Phekolo ea mocheso (normalizing) e etsoa ka mor'a ho chesa ho chesa. Phekolo ea mocheso e lokela ho ela hloko ho laola mocheso le nako. | |||
| Kamora kalafo ea mocheso, thepa ea mochini ea sehlahisoa e lokela ho kopana le maemo a ASTM A335 | |||||
| 11 | phodiso ya moya | Bethe ea ho pholisa mohato ka mohato | |||
| 12 | saha | Sawing ka bolelele bo itseng | |||
| * Taolo ea bolelele ba lipeipi tsa tšepe | |||||
| 13 | Ho otloloha (haeba ho hlokahala) | E laola ho bata. | |||
| Ka mor'a ho otloloha, ho otloloha ho lokela ho lumellana le ASTM A335 | |||||
| 14 | Tlhahlobo le Kamohelo | Ponahalo le Tlhahlobo ea Dimensional | |||
| * Mamello ea boholo ba tšepe e lokela ho lumellana le ASTM A999 | |||||
| Tlhokomeliso: Mamello ea bophara ba ka ntle: ± 0.75%D | |||||
| *Tlhahlobo ea ponahalo e lokela ho etsoa ka bonngoe ho latela maemo a ASTM A999 ho qoba sebaka se fosahetseng | |||||
| 15 | ho lemoha liphoso | *'Mele oohle oa phala ea tšepe o lokela ho hlahlojoa ka ultrasonically bakeng sa liphoso tsa longitudinal ho latela ISO9303/E213 | |||
| Tlhahlobo ea Ultrasonic: | |||||
| 16 | Teko ea thepa ea mochini | (1) Teko ea Tensile (longitudinal) le teko ea ho batalla | |||
| Khafetsa ea ho hlahloba | 5% / batch, bonyane li-tubes tse 2 | ||||
| Min | Max | ||||
| P9 | Yield Strength (Mpa) | 205 | |||
| tensile strength (MPa) | 415 | ||||
| Elongation | Ho latela maemo a ASTM A335 | ||||
| Teko e bataletseng | Ho latela maemo a ASTM A999 | ||||
| (2) Teko ea boima | |||||
| Khafetsa ea teko: e ts'oanang le teko ea tensile | 1 sengoathoana/batch | ||||
| HV&HRC | ≤250HV10&≤25 HRC HV10≤250&HRC≤25 | ||||
| Tlhokomeliso: Tekanyetso ea boima ba Vickers: ISO6507 kapa ASTM E92; | |||||
| Tekanyetso ea ho thatafala ea Rockwell: ISO6508 kapa ASTM E18 | |||||
| 17 | NDT | Pipe e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tšepe e tla lekoa ho latela litlhoko tsa mekhoa ea liteko E213, E309 kapa E570. | |||
| 18 | teko ea khatello ea metsi | Teko ea Hydrostatic ho latela ASTM A999, khatello ea liteko | |||
| 19 | bevel | Beveling e lumellanang ea lipheletsong tse peli tsa phala ea tšepe ho latela ASTM B16.25fig.3 (a) | |||
| 20 | Tekanyo ya boima le bolelele | * Ho mamella boima bo le bong: -6% ~ + 4%. | |||
| 21 | Tekanyetso ea liphaephe | Bokaholimo ba phala ea tšepe bo tla tšoauoa ho latela maemo a ASTM A335 le litlhoko tsa bareki. Likahare tsa ho tšoaea ke tse latelang: | |||
| "Bolelele Boima ba TPCO ASTM A335 Selemo-Khoeli Litekanyo P9 S LT**C ***MPa/NDE Nomoro ea Mocheso Lota Nomoro ea Tube | |||||
| 22 | pentitsoe | Sebaka se ka ntle sa tube se pentiloe ho latela maemo a fektheri | |||
| 23 | sekoaelo sa pipe | **Ho lokela ho ba le likatiba tsa polasetiki lipheletsong ka bobeli tsa phaephe ka 'ngoe | |||
| 24 | lethathamo la lintho tse bonahalang | * Buka ea lintho tse bonahalang e lokela ho fanoa ho latela EN10204 3.1. ”Moreki PO e lokela ho hlaha bukeng ea lintho tse bonahalang. | |||
ASTM A335 P11 ke alloy steel seamless ferritic phala e phahameng ea mocheso ea maemo a Amerika. Alloy tube ke mofuta oa tšepe ea tšepe e se nang seam, ts'ebetso ea eona e phahame haholo ho feta e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e se nang seam, hobane mofuta ona oa tšepe o na le C e ngata, ts'ebetso e tlase ho feta e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e se nang seam, kahoo alloy tube e sebelisoa haholo. ka petroleum, aerospace, lik'hemik'hale, matla a motlakase, boiler, sesole le liindasteri tse ling.
Kakaretso
| Tloaelo:ASTM A335 | Alloy kapa Che: Alloy |
| Sehlopha sa Kereiti: P11 | Kopo: Pipe ea Boiler |
| Botenya: 1 - 100 mm | Kalafo ea Bokaholimo: Joalo ka Tlhokahalo ea Bareki |
| Bophara ba Kantle(Ho potoloha): 10 - 1000 Mm | Theknoloji: Ho bidika ka ho tjhesa/ Ho tsuwa ka serame |
| Bolelele: Bolelele bo Tsitsitseng Kapa Bolelele bo Randomhang | Kalafo ea Mocheso: Annealing/Normalizing/Tempering |
| Sebopeho sa Karolo: Ho potoloha | Pecial Pipe: Pipe e Tenya ea Lebota |
| Sebaka sa Tšimoloho: China | Tšebeliso: Pipe ea Mouoane oa Khatello e Phahameng, Boiler le Mocheso oa Mocheso |
| Setifikeiti: ISO9001:2008 | Teko: ET/UT |
Karolo ea Lik'hemik'hale
Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale oa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang moeli bakeng sa ho phunyeha ha peterole
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P11 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5-1.00 | 0.30-0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.44-0.65 |
Thepa ea Mechini
| Thepa | Lintlha |
| Matla a tsitsitseng, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Matla a chai, min, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Kalafo ea Mocheso
|
Kereiti | Mofuta oa Phekolo ea Mocheso | Boemo bo Tloaelehileng ba Thempereichara F [C] | Subcritical Annealing Kapa Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, le P22 | |||
| A335 P11 | E Felletse Kapa Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Normalize And Temper | ***** | 1250[650] |
Mamello
Bakeng sa Pipe e laetsoeng ho ea ka hare ho bophara ba bophara, bophara ba ka hare bo ke ke ba fapana ho feta ± 1% ho tloha ho bophara bo boletsoeng bo ka hare.
Liphapang tse lumelletsoeng ka bophara ba kantle
| Moqapi oa NPS | Mamello e ntle | mamello e mpe | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8to 11⁄2, Kenyellelitse | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ho feta 11⁄2 Ho isa ho 4, Kenyellelitse. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 4 Ho isa ho 8, Kenyellelitse | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 8 Ho isa ho 12, Kenyellelitse. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 12 | ± 1% ea Tse boletsoeng | |||
ASTM A335 P22ke phala ea tšepe e sa tsitsang bakeng sa tšebeliso e phahameng ea mocheso oa ferritic. Alloy tube ke mofuta oa tšepe ea tšepe e se nang seam, ts'ebetso ea eona e phahame haholo ho feta e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e se nang seam, hobane mofuta ona oa tšepe o na le C e ngata, ts'ebetso e tlase ho feta e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e se nang seam, kahoo alloy tube e sebelisoa haholo. ka petroleum, aerospace, lik'hemik'hale, matla a motlakase, boiler, sesole le liindasteri tse ling.
Kakaretso
| Tloaelo:ASTM A335 | Alloy kapa Che: Alloy |
| Sehlopha sa Sehlopha: P22 | Kopo: Pipe ea Boiler |
| Botenya: 1 - 100 mm | Kalafo ea Bokaholimo: Joalo ka Tlhokahalo ea Bareki |
| Bophara ba Kantle(Ho potoloha): 10 - 1000 Mm | Theknoloji: Ho bidika ka ho tjhesa/ Ho tsuwa ka serame |
| Bolelele: Bolelele bo Tsitsitseng Kapa Bolelele bo Randomhang | Kalafo ea Mocheso: Annealing/Normalizing/Tempering |
| Sebopeho sa Karolo: Ho potoloha | Pecial Pipe: Pipe e Tenya ea Lebota |
| Sebaka sa Tšimoloho: China | Tšebeliso: Pipe ea Mouoane oa Khatello e Phahameng, Boiler le Mocheso oa Mocheso |
| Setifikeiti: ISO9001:2008 | Teko: ET/UT |
Karolo ea Lik'hemik'hale
Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale oa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang moeli bakeng sa ho phunyeha ha peterole
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P22 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.90-2,60 | 0.87-1.13 |
Thepa ea Mechini
| Thepa | Lintlha |
| Matla a tsitsitseng, min, (MPa) | 415 Mpa |
| Matla a chai, min, (MPa) | 205Mpa |
Kalafo ea Mocheso
|
Kereiti | Mofuta oa Phekolo ea Mocheso | Boemo bo Tloaelehileng ba Thempereichara F [C] | Subcritical Annealing Kapa Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, le P22 | |||
| A335 P22 | E Felletse Kapa Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Normalize And Temper | ***** | 1250[650] |
Mamello
Bakeng sa Pipe e laetsoeng ho ea ka hare ho bophara ba bophara, bophara ba ka hare bo ke ke ba fapana ho feta ± 1% ho tloha ho bophara bo boletsoeng bo ka hare.
Liphapang tse lumelletsoeng ka bophara ba kantle
| Moqapi oa NPS | Mamello e ntle | mamello e mpe | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8to 11⁄2, Kenyellelitse | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ho feta 11⁄2 Ho isa ho 4, Kenyellelitse. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 4 Ho isa ho 8, Kenyellelitse | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 8 Ho isa ho 12, Kenyellelitse. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 12 | ± 1% ea Tse boletsoeng | |||
A335 P22 ke 2.25Cr-1Mo Chromium-molybdenum high Temperature ferritic steel bakeng sa boilers le superheaters,ASTM A335/A335Mmaemo. Ka 1985, e ile ea fetisetsoa ho GB5310 'me ea rehoa 12Cr2MoG. Linaha tse ling li na le limaraka tse tšoanang tsa tšepe, joalo ka Federal Republic of Germany 10CrMo910 le Japan STBA24. Letotong la tšepe ea cr-1Mo, matla a eona a mocheso a batla a phahame, tlas'a mocheso o tšoanang (mocheso≤580℃) matla a eona a ho robeha ha screw le khatello ea kelello e lumellehang e phahame ho feta tšepe ea 9CR-1Mo, 'me e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea welding, polasetiki e ntle e tšoarellang. Ka hona, e sebelisitsoe haholo tikolohong e thata ea ho sebetsa, joalo ka matla a mocheso, matla a nyutlelie le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa haedrojene liphaepheng tse fapaneng tsa ho futhumatsa le likepe tsa khatello e phahameng.
Mocheso o lumellehang: A335P22 (SA-213T22) e sebelisoa haholo ho 300,600MW le tse ling tse kholo tsa matla a feme a futhumatsang mocheso oa lerako.≤580℃superheater le tube lerako mocheso & LT;540℃lerako mouoane pipe le hlooho, mofuta ona oa tšepe e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo United States, Japane le Europe, e na le histori e telele ea ts'ebetso ho limela tsa matla, ke ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng, ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso ea tšepe e hōlileng tsebong.
12Cr1MoV tšepe ke ea chromium-molybdenum vanadium steel vanadium steel, haholo-holo e sebelisetsoang phala ea tšepe ea 12Cr1MoV/GB5310. E sebelisoa haholo, ke mocheso oa 480℃~ 580℃sebaka se phahameng sa mocheso se nang le e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse ngata. 12Cr1MoVG mocheso oa ts'ebeletso ea tšepe ea tšepe: e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa tšepe e kholo ea li-superheater tube, hlooho le phala ea mouoane ea boiler ea khatello e phahameng eo mocheso oa eona oa lebota o leng tlase kapa o lekanang le 580.℃.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:Teko ea boima:
1. Hot rolling (extruded seamless steel tube) : round tube billet → futhumatsang → perforation → three-roll cross rolling, continuous rolling or extrusion → tube stripping → sizing (kapa ho fokotsa) → cooling → straightening → teko ea khatello ea metsi (kapa ho lemoha sekoli ) → ho tšoaea → polokelo
2. Motako o batang (o bilikang) oa tšepe o se nang seamless: tube e pota-potileng → ho futhumatsa → ho phunyeletsa → sehlooho → ho phunya → ho penta → ho tlotsa oli (copper plating) → setšoantšo se batang se nang le mefuta e mengata (ho batang) → tube e se nang letho → phekolo ea mocheso → ho otlolla → metsi teko ea khatello (ho lemoha liphoso) → ho tšoaea → polokelo
Ho paka:
Ho phuthela ho se nang letho / phutheloana ea liphutheloana / phutheloana ea krete / tšireletso ea lepolanka mahlakoreng ka bobeli a li-tubes le ho sireletsoa ka mokhoa o loketseng bakeng sa ho tsamaisoa ha leoatle kapa kamoo ho kōptjoang kateng.
Kakaretso
P92 maemo a phahameng a mocheso boiler tube tube seamless alloy pipe.
| Tloaelo:ASTM A335 | Alloy kapa Che: Alloy |
| Sehlopha sa Sehlopha: P92 | Kopo: Pipe ea Boiler |
| Botenya: 1 - 100 mm | Kalafo ea Bokaholimo: Joalo ka Tlhokahalo ea Bareki |
| Bophara ba Kantle(Ho potoloha): 10 - 1000 Mm | Theknoloji: Ho bidika ka ho tjhesa/ Ho tsuwa ka serame |
| Bolelele: Bolelele bo Tsitsitseng Kapa Bolelele bo Randomhang | Kalafo ea Mocheso: Annealing/Normalizing/Tempering |
| Sebopeho sa Karolo: Ho potoloha | Pecial Pipe: Pipe e Tenya ea Lebota |
| Sebaka sa Tšimoloho: China | Tšebeliso: Pipe ea Mouoane oa Khatello e Phahameng, Boiler le Mocheso oa Mocheso |
| Setifikeiti: ISO9001:2008 | Teko: ET/UT |
Karolo ea Lik'hemik'hale
Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale oa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang moeli bakeng sa ho phunyeha ha peterole
| C | SI | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | |
| P92 | 0.07-0.13 | 0.5 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 8.50-9,5 | 0.30-0.60 |
Thepa ea Mechini
| Thepa | Lintlha |
| Matla a tsitsitseng, min, (MPa) | 620 Mpa |
| Matla a chai, min, (MPa) | 440Mpa |
Kalafo ea Mocheso
|
Kereiti | Mofuta oa Phekolo ea Mocheso | Boemo bo Tloaelehileng ba Thempereichara F [C] | Subcritical Annealing Kapa Tempering |
| P5, P9, P11, le P22 | |||
| A335 P92 | E Felletse Kapa Isothermal Anneal | ||
| Normalize And Temper | ***** | 1250[675] |
Mamello
Bakeng sa Pipe e laetsoeng ho ea ka hare ho bophara ba bophara, bophara ba ka hare bo ke ke ba fapana ho feta ± 1% ho tloha ho bophara bo boletsoeng bo ka hare.
Liphapang tse lumelletsoeng ka bophara ba kantle
| Moqapi oa NPS | Mamello e ntle | mamello e mpe | ||
| In | Mm | In | Mm | |
| 1⁄8to 11⁄2, Kenyellelitse | 1⁄64 (0.015) | 0.4 | 1⁄64(0.015) | 0.4 |
| Ho feta 11⁄2 Ho isa ho 4, Kenyellelitse. | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 4 Ho isa ho 8, Kenyellelitse | 1⁄16(0.062) | 1.59 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 8 Ho isa ho 12, Kenyellelitse. | 3⁄32(0.093) | 2.38 | 1⁄32(0.031) | 0.79 |
| Ho feta 12 | ± 1% ea Tse boletsoeng | |||
